• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of 'Gradual Differentiation' in parametric design in terms of pure model logic and thus describe the distinctive feature from the previous design method. To meet the purpose, it explores external cases like gradual factor identified in natural phenomenon and artworks and define the inherent model principles into "Self-similarity', "Correlation', and 'Temporality' by examining these features in terms of algorithm. Meanwhile, it identified the principle of gradual model representation in parametric design within a single system called 'Attractor System' by applying these three concepts into specific methods of parametric design, and by interpreting the logical structure through the association among 'Attractor', 'Field', and 'Differentiation'. The creative utilization of parameter shows that gradual model process in parametric design does not mean a passive "conversion process" merely replacing natural parameter with algorithm; rather, it refers to an active "generating process" creating new meanings and value. By continuing this process of conceptual understanding and insight, creative perspective and practical ability to interpret parameter can be improved.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.289-298
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• 1988

The pattern of elongation in the developing hypocotyl of Glycine max shows that the elongation generally proceeds from base to the cotyledonary node in acropetal diredtion, although earlier elongation takes place through the entire hypocotyl. Because the differentiation of the vascular cambium in the hypocotyl advances also acropetally, it can be seen that the acropetal wave of hypocotyl elongation is associated with the acropetal differentiation of the cambium in the hypocotyl elongation is associated with the acropetal differentiation of the cambium in the hypocotyl elongation is associated with the acropetal differentiation of the cambium in the hypocotyl. The elongation of procambial cells occurs not only during active elongation but also after cessation of elongation of the hypocotyl. In tangential view, the procambium of the hypocotyl in early stage has homogeneous structure composed of short cells. Subsequently, these procambial cells elongate actively and then become elongated long cells. These long cells eventually become fusiform initials, while some of elongated long cells are transversely divided and then converted into ray initials. The characteristics of the vascular cambium are entirely acquired some time after hypocotyl elongation is completed, and the transitin from procambium to vascular cambium in the hypocotyl is a rather gradual process.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2010

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing giant cells that differentiate from hematopoietic cells of the monocyte/macrophages. Excessive osteoclast differentiation leads to gradual loss of bone mass causing fracture of the skeleton. The aim of this study was to develop a drug candidates for the treatment of osteoporosis. RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation was dose-dependently inhibited by myricetin. Myricetin inhibited the expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, and TRAP in BMMs treated with RANKL. Myricetin disrupted the structure of actin ring and suppressed osteoclastic bone resorption. Also, myricetin induced apoptosis in mature osteoclasts. Myricetin inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK in mature osteoclasts treated with M-CSF. The activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 was increased by myricetin treatment. Our results suggest that myricetin may be an effective agent to prevent bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2016

Red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, is a popular aquaculture species and a protogynous hermaphrodite. Induction of artificial sex change at the time of primary sex differentiation is of interest but has not been successful due to the lack of necessary basic information. To find out the potential neuroendocrine influence on the primary sex differentiation, the expression of key genes in the brain was investigated during the formation of ovarian cavity. Expression of cyp19a1b, esr1, gnrhr1, fsh, lh and cga in the brain was positively associated with the formation of ovarian cavity, showing gradual increase as the formation proceeds. However, the expression of gnrh1 was suppressed during the early part of the ovarian cavity formation, signifying potential hypothalamic influence on the primary sex differentiation in this species.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2023

Objectives: Since stroke is a serious health issue, novel therapeutic strategies are required. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, this study analyzed the potential of electroacupuncture (EA) and tenuigenin (TE) to improve the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) transplantation. Methods: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with reperfusion was used to generate ischemic stroke. Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, MCAO-operated, MCAO-EA, MCAO-TE, or MCAO + EA + TE. Subsequently, hMSCs were transplanted into the ischemic region and EA, TE, or the combination was administered. Behavior assessments and immunohistochemistry were conducted to evaluate motor and cognitive recovery and hMSCs survival, migration, and differentiation. Results: The combined treatment of EA and TE exhibited enhanced hMSCs survival, migration and differentiation into neural cell lineages while suppressing astrocyte formation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased neurogenesis through hMSCs transplantation in the ischemic brain. Immediate behavioral improvements were not significantly different between groups, but there was a gradual recovery in motor and cognitive function over time. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of EA and TE co-treatment as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke, opening avenues for further research to optimize treatment protocols and elucidate underlying mechanisms.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1988

틸라피아는 암수간에 성장차가 커 수컷 종묘만을 생산하여 양식함은 산업적으로 매우 중요시된다. 본 연구는 나일틸라피아의 암컷을 수컷으로 성전환시키기 위한 연구로써 본 종의 초기생식소 분화 및 여러 농도의 호르몬 처리에 의한 성전환율을 구한 후 호르몬이 성장에 미치는 효과를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 나일틸라피아의 초기 생식소는 원생식세포의 점진적인 분열에 의해 부화후 9일째 형성되었으며, 난소와 정소로의 성 분화는 부화후 약 20일부터 조직학적으로 식별되었다. 17$\alpha$-mrthyltestosterone (MT)을 15, 30 및 60ppm의 농도로 10$\~$40일 동안 처리한 후 성전환율을 조사한 결과 모든 실험군에서 $95\%$ 이상의 수컷이 생산되었다. 특히 15ppm-40일, 30ppm-30일과 30ppm-40일 처리군에서는 $100\%$ 수컷이 유도되었다. 호르몬 처리에 의한 성장의 증가는 대조군에 비해 비교적 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, condition factor 역시 크게 나타나 MT는 틸라피아의 성장을 증가시킴은 물론 비만하게 함을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2005

Due to its safety and softness, autologous fat transplantation has been commonly performed for soft tissue correction. However, the injected fat is absorbed resulting in the reduction of volume of the graft by 40-60% within a few months. Thus, there was an attempt to use adipocytes differentiated from preadipocytes in vitro for transplantation. Differentiated adipocytes were biocompatible and matured with gradual volume increase at transplantation site in clinical study(unpublished data). In addition, they did not induce immune rejection in response to nonself lymphocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR)(unpublished data). The purpose of this study is to differentiate mouse preadipocytes following labeling into adipocytes to establish an animal model for allogenic transplantation. Preadipocytes isolated from inguinal and retroperitoneal fat pad of C57BL/6 mice were proliferated with growth medium by passage 3 and differentiated into adipocytes with different culture conditions after labeled with BrdU. At most suitable conditions, above 90% of preadipocytes were differentiated and BrdU labeling did not affect differentiation rate and function of differentiated adipocytes. These results demonstrate that BrdU-labeled adipocytes resulting from this in vitro differentiation protocol are useful for allogenic transplantation study.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.726-731
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• 2007

This review describes the wide spectrum of paroxysmal events during sleep in infancy and childhood. The differential diagnosis between sleep-related non-epileptic paroxysmal events and epileptic seizures is difficult in special occasions. The nocturnal frontal lobe seizure and of the more common nonepileptic paroxysmal events during sleep are described. The main differentiating features characterizing parasomnias are: onset in early childhood, rare episodes of long duration, relatively lower frequency per night, absence of stereotypy, gradual disappearance of older age. Video-polysomnography is the gold standard to diagnosing and differentiating parasomnias from nocturnal frontal lobe seizures.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.749-753
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• 2013

Basically stem cells have characteristics of multi-potency, differentiation into multiple tissue types, and self-renew through proliferation. Recent advances in stem cell biology can make identifying the stem-cell like cells in various mammalian tissues. Stem cells in various tissues can restore damaged tissue. Stem cells from the adult nervous system proliferate to form clonal floating colonies called spheres in vitro, and recent studies have demonstrated sphere formation by cells in the tympanic membrane, vestibular system, spiral ganglion, and partly in the organ of Corti. The presence of stem cells in the ear raises the possibilities for the regeneration of the tympanic membrane & inner ear hair cells & neurons. But the gradual loss of stem cells postnatally in the organ of Corti may correlate with the loss of regenerative capacity and limited hearing restoration. Future strategies using endogenous stem cells in the ear can be the another treatment modality for the patients with intractable inner ear diseases.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2011

Objective: Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play an important role in regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation in several types of mammalian cells. This report examined the expression of Prx isotype I in the rat ovary after hormone treatment. Methods: Immature rats were injected with 10 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to induce the growth of multiple preovulatory follicles and 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation. Immature rats were also treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), an estrogen analogue, to induce the growth of multiple immature follicles. Northern blot analysis was performed to detect gene expression. Cell-type specific localization of Prx I mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization analysis. Results: During follicle development, ovarian Prx I gene expression was detected in 3-day-old rats and had increased in 21-day-old rats. The levels of Prx I mRNA slightly declined one to two days following treatment with DES. A gradual increase in Prx I gene expression was observed in ovaries obtained from PMSG-treated immature rats. Furthermore, hCG treatment of PMSG-primed rats resulted in a gradual stimulation of Prx I mRNA levels by 24 hours (2.1-fold increase) following treatment, which remained high until 72 hours following treatment. In situ hybridization analysis revealed the expression of the Prx I gene in the granulosa cells of PMSG-primed ovaries and in the corpora lutea of ovaries stimulated with hCG for 72 hours. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the gonadotropin and granulosa cell-specific stimulation of Prx I gene expression, suggesting its role as a local regulator of follicle development.