• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2013.07a
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• pp.169-170
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• 2013

One important test for formation and grading of the lithium-ion battery is to confirm the performance of the battery while discharging battery down to zero volts. In this paper, a novel charge/discharge converter with zero-voltage discharge function is proposed. The proposed converter is able to discharge the battery until the voltage reaches to zero volts. The phase-shifted full bridge method is used to charge the battery and the current-fed push-pull method with bidirectional switches is used for the discharge. The ZVS turn-on is achieved in the charge operation and the ZVS turn-off in the discharge operation. The performance of the system is verified by the experiments using lithium-ion batteries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.122-123
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• 2021

This study examines the performance of pretreatment process system as the initial construction stage of the pretreatment process system to use CGS, a by-product generated in IGCC, as a concrete fine aggregate of construction materials. The process undergoes a grinding process capable of grinding to a predetermined particle size during primary grinding and a sorting plant through sieve grading of 2.5 mm or less for particle size correction. Afterwards, it is hoped that the use of coal gasification slag of Korean IGCC as a fine aggregate for concrete will be distributed and expanded by producing quality-improved CGS fine aggregate using water as a medium for removing impurities and particulates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.33-46
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to present basic data for the standardization of the sizing system for children's wear by investigating the current production and sizing system of Korean children's wear brands. The result of conducting a survey of 20 brands show the following: first, regarding the age bracket of Korean children's wear, it ranged from 3~15 years old. Most of the brands divided up the sizes into 4 or 5 different groups. Second, the utilization of a bodice basic pattern was low during the manufacturing of a pattern, and the basic pattern had been used for the item. Third, the designation of garment sizes were done using height or height-chest measurement or height-waist measurement. Fourth, the brands used the smallest size as the basic size in most cases. Most of the brands had similar deviations for any grading deviations. In conclusion, it appears necessary to restructure the unity of size designation and the sizing system in order to establish the sizing system of children's wear, which features diverse age brackets and various body types.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

It is not easy to develop the system as the subjective-type evaluation has the difficulty in natural language processing. This thesis designs and implements the automatic evaluation system with natural language processing technique. To solve the degradation of general evaluation system, we define the question type and improve the performance of evaluation through the adaptive process for each question type. To evaluate the system, we analyze the correlation between human evaluation and term-based evaluation, and between human evaluation and this system evaluation. We got the better result than term-based evaluation. It needs to expand the question type and improve the adaptive processing technique for each type.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.970-975
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• 2001

Objective : By conducing a review of clinical outcomes for patients with aneurysm treated using current microneurosurgical techniques and intensive care unit management, we speculated that grading systems based only on clinical condition or CT finding after admission failed to provide a significant stratification of outcome between individual grades of patients, because these systems did not include the factor for postoperative vasospasm. We hypothesized that postoperative blood flow velocity could have a significant impact on outcome prediction for patients surgically treated for intracranial aneurysms. Methods : We conducted a analysis on patient- and lesion-specific factors that might have been associated with outcome in a series of 55 aneurysm operations performed with measurements of blood-flow velocity with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography(TCD). In the new scale(NS) score system, 1 point is assigned additionally for the case with Hunt and Hess(H-H)/World Federation of Neurological Surgeons(WFNS) Grade IV or V, Fisher Scale(FS) score 3 or 4, aneurysm size greater than 10mm, patient age older than 60 years, blood-flow velocity higher than 120cm/sec, and posterior circulation lesion. By adding the total points, a 6-point scale score(score 0-6) is obtained. Results : Age of patient, size of aneurysm, clinical condition(H-H grade and WFNS), FS score, and blood flow velocity(TCD 1day after operation) were independently and strongly associated with long-term outcome. When NS scores were applied to 55 patients with at least 6 months follow-up, the correlation of individual scores with outcome was strongly validated the retrospective findings. Conclusion : It was speculated that TCD could be used to assess postoperative vasospasm and to monitor noninvasively the patients with aneurysmal SAH. This NS score system is easy to apply, divide patients into groups with different outcome, and is comprehensive, allowing for more accurate prediction of surgical outcome.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.384-401
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• 2016

The vegetation assessment indicator has been developed recently as a biological part of the integrated assessment system for river environment to improve the efficiency of river restoration projects. This study carried out to test the vegetation assessment indicator and to reset its grade criteria on experimental streams. We classified and mapped vegetation communities at the level of physiognomic-floristic composition by each assessment unit. A total of 204 sampling quadrats were set up on the 68 assessment units at 5 experimental streams. By analyzing the vegetation data collected, we examined the appropriate numbers of sampling quadrats, the criteria of vegetation index score, classification of vegetation community, and grade criteria for vegetation assessment. The developed vegetation assessment indicator composed with the vegetation complexity index (VCI), the vegetation diversity index (VDI), and the vegetation naturalness index (VNI) was proved to reflect the current conditions of the streams sufficiently. The contribution of vegetation naturalness index to grading by vegetation assessment indicator was larger, but three indexes were closely correlated to each other. Also there was more clearer discrimination of grading with the application of adjusted criteria of vegetation assessment indicator and the standardized classification of vegetation community, but the stream segment type did not influence the vegetation assessment grade significantly.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of age of laying hens and grade of shell abnormality on internal egg quality. At each week, 1,000 eggs were randomly selected from 21,000 eggs laid by Hy-Line hens (100,000 birds) aged from 56 to 62 wk. The samples were divided into normal and externally abnormal eggs by an official egg grader. Then, egg quality including egg weight, egg white height, Haugh unit and yolk color was evaluated from each normal and abnormal eggs. The production rate of externally normal and abnormal eggs was 81.22 and 18.78%, respectively. No difference found in the production rate by the increase of hen's age, but Haugh unit of eggs from hens of 60-wk-old was higher (p<0.05) than that of 56-wk-old. When the same age groups were compared, egg white height and Haugh unit were lower in eggs which were externally abnormal. When the grade of abnormality increased, egg white height and Haugh unit were decreased further (p<0.05). Among the externally abnormal eggs, malformation showed the lowest Haugh unit. In conclusion, the shell abnormality of eggs laid by hens aged 56 to 62 wk was closely related with internal egg quality. Therefore, the grading external egg quality in the present egg grading system is directly related with the internal egg freshness.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.627-651
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• 1994

In this study, literature review was done to examine and compare the current status and problems of different evaluation approaches toward permanent impairment in Korea. Alternatives and improvements in the current approaches in Korea were suggested. Series of cases were also examined to compare different approaches applied to the real cases, using 105 cases from a hospital data and another 207 cases from a insurance company data. The main findings of the literature review are as follows; 1. The current evaluation methods of permanent impairment in Korea are grouped into two categories, grading and rating. Gradings of impairments are expressly specified in 17 various statutes. 2. In Grading methods, the rigid system of 74 different grades has been adopted uniformally for the convenience of administration, which may not be, appropriate or valid from medical and scientifical aspect. 3. The adventage of McBride method is assessment of occupational disability rate. However the classified compensable occupations are only 280 and limited to manufacturing industries in 1960s'of U.S.A., which is not appropriate to current Korean circumstances. Especially, the job list does not include managerial officers or mental workers. 4. AMA Guides is the scientific and reasonable method for the assessment of physical impairment rate. However compensation and reparation of impairment case is difficult because this method cannot assess the disability rate according to occupation, age, etc. The results of cases comparative study are as follows: 5. The physical Impairment could be compared in 167 out of total 312 cases, and for the cases of complex impairment, McBride method underestimate physical impairment rate compared with AM A method. 6. When disability late was assessed, occupation was considered the compensation of only 85 cases, and age was used in only 21 cases. This was because occupation and age compensation in McBride method are unreasonable. 7. The most Ideal alternative is to assess physical impairment according to AMA method and then to develop a compensation method appropriate for the circumstances of Korea society.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2003

An instructor in education generally takes the objective-type evaluation for grading. The subjective-type evaluation has the merit that it can estimate the high-recognition ability, but the problem of the objectivity and reliability of the evaluation. This paper proposes the model which grades for the subjective-type evaluation. and designs and implements the evaluation system using the synonym thesaurus. This system can process the diverse and wide subjective-type questions and provide the easy usage for a beginner. It also can reduce the time and endeavor for evaluation and provide the objectivity of the evaluation. The system results the 73% success rate. We expect that this system will become a basis of the research on the subjective-type evaluation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1663-1670
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• 2007

One-way hash chains are important cryptographic primitives and have been used as building blocks of various cryptographic applications. Advantages of one-way hash chains are their simplicity and efficiency for generation based on low-powered processors with short time. However, a drawback of one-way hash chains is their difficulty of control to compute interval values of one-way hash chains. That is, when hash values in one-way hash chain are used as encryption keys, if one hash value is compromised, then the attacker can compute other encryption keys from the compromised hash value. Therefore, direct use of one-way hash chains as encryption keys is limited to many cryptographic applications, such as pay per view system and DRM system. In this paper, we propose a new concept which is called interval hash chain using a hash function. In particular, proposed hash chains are made for only computing interval hash values by using two different one-way hash chains. The proposed scheme can be applied to contents encryption scheme for grading and partially usable contents in DRM system.