• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2015

Crack control remains a primary concern for mass concrete structures, where the majority of cracking is caused by temperature changes during the hydration process. One-time pouring is a useful construction method for mass concrete structures. The suitability of this method for constructingon of the Shanghai Tower's mass concrete foundation slab of Shanghai Tower is considered here by a numerical simulation method based on a 6- meter- thick slab. Some of the conclusions, which can be verified by monitoring results conducted during construction, are as follows. The temperature gradient is greater in the vertical direction than in the radial direction, therefore, the vertical temperature gradient should be carefully considered for the purpose of crack control. Moreover, owing to cooling conditions at the surfaces and the cement mortar content of the slab, the temperatures and temperature gradients with respect to time vary according to the position within the slab.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2005

This paper reports a novel magnetic force-based microfluidic immunoassay using microbeads and magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic force-based immunoassay was devised first and successfully applied to detect the rabbit IgG as the model analyte of microfluidic sandwich immunoassay. The microchannels were fabricated by poly(dimethysiloxane) (PDMS) molding processes and bonded on a slide glass by plasma treatment. At the part of the inlet, sample solution was hydrodynamically focused. The focused microbeads of sample solution were flowed through the 150 ${\mu}m$ width channel of outlet. However, when the microbeads are conjugated with the superparamagnetic nanoparticles under the applied magnetic fields, they will switch their flow path and flow through the 95 ${\mu}m$ width channel of outlet. The movements of microbeads conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles were demonstrated by magnetic field $gradients.^{1)}$ High magnetic field gradients using micro electromagnets could be applied to this detection method for high sensitivity and lower detection limit. In addition, the multiplexed $immunoassay^{2)}$ using an encoded microbead which is immobilized with a certain antibody could be possible using this detection principle.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2016

Human sensing is an important but challenging technology. Unlike other methods for sensing humans, a vision sensor has many advantages, and there has been active research in automatic human detection in camera images. The combination of Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is currently one of the most successful methods in vision-based human detection. However, extracting HOG features from an image is computer intensive, and it is thus hard to employ the HOG method in real-time processing applications. This paper describes an efficient solution to this speed problem of the HOG method. Our method obtains edge information of an image and finds candidate regions where humans very likely exist based on the distribution pattern of the detected edge points. The HOG features are then extracted only from the candidate image regions. Since complex HOG processing is adaptively done by the guidance of the simpler edge detection step, human detection can be performed quickly. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in various images.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.191-194
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a new accurate and robust image mosaic technique of the mural underdrawing taken from the infra-red camera, which is based on multiple image registration and adaptive blending technique. The image mosaicing methods which have been developed so far have the following deficits. It is hard to generate a high resolution image when there are regions that do not have features or intensity gradients, and there is a trade-off in overlapping region site in view of registration and blending. We consider these issues as follows. First, in order to mosaic Images with neither noticeable features nor intensity gradients, we use a Projected supplementary pattern and pseudo color image for features in the image Pieces which are registered. Second, we search the overlapping region size with minimum blending error between two adjacent images and then apply blending technique to minimum error overlapping region. Finally, we could find our proposed method is more effective and efficient for image mosaicing than conventional mosaic techniques and also is more adequate for the application of infra-red mural underdrawing mosaicing. Experimental results show the accuracy and robustness of the algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2002

Using results obtained from field surveys in the outflow region of the Keum River in winter (February 22), spring (May 9), summer (July 31) and autumn (October 17) in 2000, it was described the nutrient front relating to the hydrography. It showed that the horizontal gradients was sharp in the distributions not only in salinity but also in nutrients in the region of the mouth of estuary far away about 20 km from the dyke of the Keum River during the year. The two layer structure was a ubiquitous feature in the inner estuarine side of the region showing the maximum horizontal gradients in salinity and nutrients. Although the absolute values in salinity and nutrient concentrations were distinguished by season, the nutrient front seperates the saltier and nutrients poor water in the open sea from the brackish and nutrients rich water of the plume. These results suggest that the nutrient front coincides with the esturine front in the region of freshwater influence (ROFI) of the Keum River.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.247-249
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to detect a inter-tidal topographic change in a decade. Waterline extraction is a one of widely used method to generate digital elevation model (DEM) of tidal flat using multi-temporal optical data. This method has been well known that it is possible to construct detailed topographic relief of tidal flat using waterlines In this study, we generated two sets of tidal flat DEM for the southern Ganghwado. The DEMs showed that the Yeongjongdo northern tidal flat is relatively high elevation with steep gradients. The Ganghwado southern tidal flat is relatively low elevation and gentle gradients. To detect the morphologic change of tidal flat during a decade, we compared between early 1990's DEM and early 2000's DEM. Erosion during a decade is dominant at the west of southern Ganghwado tidal flat, while sedimentation is dominant at the wide channel between the southern Ganghwado and Yeongjongdo tidal flats. This area has been commonly affected by high current and sedimentation energy. Although we are not able to verify the accuracy of the changes in topography and absolute volume of sediments, this result shows that DEM using waterline extraction method is an effective tool for long term topographic change estimation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 1987

Doppler echocardiography provides valuable information regarding prosthetic heart valve function rather than structure. There are three methods of expressing the severity of mitral valve obstruction: the transvalvular pressure gradient, effective valve area, and pressure half-time. Of these, the transvalvular pressure gradient [~p] can be determined by the measurement of maximum transvalvular blood flow velocity [V] according to the modified Bernoulli`s equation [gp=4V*]. Eleven patients, who underwent mitral valve replacement with Duromedics mechanical prostheses, and 17 normal persons were investigated. There were significantly higher calculated pressure gradients in prosthetic than normal mitral valves [9.*10*2.22mmHg-vs-3.26*0.99mmHg:p<0,01], and there was a inverse relationship between pressure gradient and prosthetic valve size [11.17*0.%mmHg in size 27mm and 29mm -v- 7.38*1.12mmHg in size 31mm and 33mm; r=0.85, p<0.01] The noninvasive Doppler technique should be useful in the diagnosis of prosthetic valve obstruction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 1990

Supravavular aortic stenosis is a congenital narrowing of the ascending aorta just distal to the level of the origins of the coronary arteries, that may be localized or diffuse. Five patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis were operated upon between July, 1986 arid June, 1990. Four of these patients were William`s syndrome [mental retardation, elfin face], and one was isolated supravalvular aortic stenosis. Preoperative diagnosis of the supravalvular aortic stenosis was made by left side cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. There are three types of supravalvular aortic stenosis such as membranous, hourglass and hypoplastic. Four of our patients were of hourglass type, and one was hypoplastic type. Patch aortoplasty was performed in all cases. Preoperative systolic gradients ranged from 45 to 1SO mmHg [average 102.6 mmHg]: postoperative gradients ranged from 0 to 75 mmHg [average 39 mmHg]. The patient of hypoplastic type has been suffered from mild exercise intolerance even after the operation, and the postoperative echocardiography revealed the systolic gradient of 100 mmHg [preoperative 180 mmHg]. The results of surgery for hourglass type were excellent. But the patient with hypoplastic form would be benefited from some modifications of the operation.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2012

Human detection is a challenging task in many fields because it is difficult to detect humans due to their variable appearance and posture. Furthermore, it is also hard to track the detected human because of their dynamic and unpredictable behavior. The evaluation speed of method is also important as well as its accuracy. In this paper, we propose unified detection and tracking method for humans using Gaussian-PSO (Gaussian Particle Swarm Optimization) with the HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) features to achieve a fast and accurate performance. Keeping the robustness of HOG features on human detection, we raise the process speed in detection and tracking so that it can be used for real-time applications. These advantages are given by a simple process which needs just one linear-SVM classifier with HOG features and Gaussian-PSO procedure for the both of detection and tracking.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.153-158
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• 2008

A microchip-based capillary gel electrophoresis (MCGE) technique was developed for the ultra-fast detection and differentiation of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (Candidatus M. haemominutum, California strain) and Mycoplasma haemofelis (M. haemofelis, Ohio strain) in Korean feral cats through the application of programmed field strength gradients (PFSG) in a conventional glass double-T microchip. The effects of the poly (ethyleneoxide) (PEO) concentration and electric field strength on the separation of DNA fragments were investigated. The PCR-amplified products of Candidatus M. haemominutum (202-bp) and M. haemofelis (273-bp) were analyzed by MCGE within 75 s under a constant applied electric field of 117.6 V/cm and a sieving matrix of 0.3% PEO (Mr 8 000 000). When the PFSG was applied, MCGE analysis generated results 6.8-times faster without any loss of resolution or reproducibility. The MCGE-PFSG technique was also applied to eleven samples selected randomly from 33 positive samples. The samples were detected and differentiated within 11 s. The analysis time of the MCGE-PFSG technique was approximately 980-times faster than that using conventional slab gel electrophoresis.