• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.526-534
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• 2004

A new second-moment closure model for turbulent heat fluxes is proposed on the basis of the elliptic equation. The new model satisfies the near-wall balance between viscous diffusion, viscous dissipation and temperature-pressure gradient correlation, and also has the characteristics of approaching its respective conventional high Reynolds number model far away from the wall. The predictions of turbulent heat transfer in a channel flow have been carried out with constant wall heat flux and constant wall temperature difference boundary conditions respectively. The velocity field variables are supplied from the DNS data and the differential equations only fur the mean temperature and the scalar flux are solved by the present calculations. The present model is tested by direct comparisons with the DNS to validate the performance of the model predictions. The prediction results show that the behavior of the turbulent heat fluxes in the whole region is well captured by the present model.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1993

The layer that is directly influenced by ground surface is called the atmospheric boutsdary layer in comparison with the free atmosphere of higher layer. In the boundary layer, the changes of wind, temperature and coefficient of turbulent diffusion in altitude are large and have great influences an atmospheric diffusion. The purpose of this paper is to express the structure and characteristics of development of mixed layer by using laboratory experiment and numerical simulation. Laboratory experiment using water tank are performed that closely simulate the process of break up of nocturnal surface inversion above heated surface and its phenomena are analyzed by the use of horizontally averaged temperature which is observed. The result obtained from the laboratory experiment is compared with theoretical ones from ; \textsc{k}-\varepsilon numerical model. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The horizontally averaged temperature was found to vary smoothly with height and the mixed layer developed obviously being affected by the convection. 2) The mean height of mixed layer may be predicted as a function of time, knowing the mean initial temperature gradient. The experimental values are associated well with the theoretical values computed for value of the universal constant $C_r$= 0.16, our $C_r$ value is little smaller than the value found by Townsend and Deardoru et al.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2009

Chloride induced corrosion of steel reinforcement inside concrete is a major concern for concrete structures exposed to a marine environment. It is well known that transport of chloride ions in concrete occurs mainly through ionic/molecular diffusion, as a gradient of chloride concentration in the concrete pore solution is set. In the process of chloride transport, a portion of chlorides are bound in cement matrix then to be removed in the pore solution, and thus only the rest of chlorides which are not bound (i.e. free chlorides) leads the ingress of chlorides. However, since the measurement of free/bound chloride content is much susceptible to environmental conditions, chloride profiles expressed in total chlorides are evaluated to use in many studies In this study, the capacity of chloride binding in cement matrix was monitored for 150 days and then quantified using the Langmuir isotherm to determine the portions of free chlorides and bound chlorides at given total chlorides and the redistribution of free chlorides. Then, the diffusion of chloride ion in concrete was modeled by considering the binding capacity for the prediction of chloride profiles with the redistribution. The predicted chloride profiles were compared to those obtained from conventional model. It was found that the prediction of chloride profiles obtained by the model has shown slower diffusion than those by the conventional ones. This reflects that the prediction by total chloride may overestimate the ingress of chlorides by neglecting the redistribution of free chlorides caused by the binding capacity of cement matrix. From the evaluation, it is also shown that the service life prediction using the free chloride redistribution model needs different expression for the chloride threshold level which is expressed by the total chlorides in the conventional diffusion model.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 불균일한 표면을 갖는 다결정형 솔라셀에서의 마이크로 크랙 검출을 위한 개선된 비등방 확산 모델 기반의 불량 검출 기법에 대해서 다룬다. 산업용 카메라를 이용하여 획득한 영상에서 CCD 센서의 특성으로 인하여 대각선 방향으로 발생한 마이크로 크랙의 밝기가 일정하지 않게 표현되는 경우가 발생한다. 이와 같은 특징으로 인하여 기존의 비등방성 확산 모델 기반의 마이크로 크랙 검출 알고리즘에서 충분한 반복확산이 이뤄지지 않을 경우, 대각선 방향으로 발생한 마이크로 크랙을 불연속적으로 검출하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 확산 횟수가 증가할수록 전체 알고리즘 수행 시간이 증가하며, 실제 마이크로 크랙보다 두껍게 검출하는 경향이 있다. 이러한 단점을 개선하기 위하여 기존의 동서남북 방향 기울기를 이용하는 비등방 확산 모델에 확장된 대각선 방향의 기울기를 추가로 적용하였다. 제안된 방법은 십자방향의 기울기와 확장된 기울기를 비교하고, 보다 큰 값을 확산계수 함수에 적용하는 방법이다. 이는 대각선 방향으로 발생된 마이크로 크랙의 정보를 반영하기 위한 것이다. Tsai et al.의 방법과 Ko and Rheem의 방법과 비교실험 한 결과, 본 논문에서 제안된 알고리즘이 기존에 제안된 알고리즘에 비하여 적은 반복횟수에서 마이크로 크랙을 우수하게 검출하는 것을 확인했다. 또한 기존 알고리즘에 비하여 실제 마이크로 크랙과 유사한 두께로 검출하는 것을 확인했다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2001

Fabrication methods are shown to produce slender and cylindrical tungsten shafts by electrochemical etching. The shape of microshatf formed by electrochemical etching is determined by the combination of two conflicting factors, i.e., initial shape and diffusion layer. We can obtain a desirable shaft profile by adjusting the thickness gradient of diffusion layer. The diameter of microshaft is controlled by mathematical model based on relation between process parameters and diameter.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.67-81
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to know the mothod of changing the step of moisture content schedule with time in conventional kiln drying. For the purpose of this object. we made drying model by applying the moisture diffusion model by J.FSiau(1984) to average moisture content equation by J.Crank(1956) derived it from Fick's second law. And to verify this method of drying model. 2.5cm-thick boards and 5.0cm-thick dimension lumbers of Pinus densiflora were kiln-dried with the schedule of T11-C3 and T10-C4, respectively. And then the drying rates were investigated and compared with those calculated from drying model. The results obtained were as follows 1. Average drying rate and total drying time of board to dry to 6.5% moisture content were 0.64%/hr and 109hr., and those of dimension lumber to dry to 8.3% moisture content were 0.4%/hr. and 162hr., respectively. 2. The moisture content of shell and core decreased by equalizing treatment and increased by conditioning treatment both on board and dimension lumber. But the moisture gradient was lower after conditioning than after equalizing. 3. As the drying was proceeded, the transverse bound water diffusion coefficient all but linearly decreased, the water vapor diffusion coefficient abruptly curvilinearly increased, while the transverse diffusion coefficient curvilinearly decreased both on board and dimension lumber. But each of diffusion coefficients on board was larger than that on dimension lumber. 4. Compared to experimential drying rate of board. theoretical drying rate was larger at 30.0%-21.8% moisture content range and was similiar at 21.8%-5.4% moisture content. And in case of dimension lumber, the drying rate was similiar at 30.0%-16.1% moisture content range but theoretical drying rate was much lower at 16.1%-8.3% moisture content range. 5. The possibility of adapting this drying model to changing the moisture content schedule step with time was in the range of 21.8%-5.4% moisture content on board. And in the case of dimension lumber that was in the range of 30.0%-16.1% moisture content.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2007년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.171-176
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• 2007

A comparative study on the treatment of the turbulent heat flux with the elliptic mlending second moment closure for a natural convection is performed. Four cases of different treating the turbulent heat flux are considered. Those are the generalized gradient diffusion hypothesis (GGDH) the algebraic flux model (AFM) and the differential heat flux model (DFM). These models are implemented in the computer code specially designed for evaluation of turbulent models. Calculations are performed for a turbulent natural convection in the 1:5 rectangular cavity and the calculated results are compared with the experimental data. The results show that three models produce nearly the same accuracy of solutions.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 1995

알루미나에 흡착된 coronene이 tetra-phenylporpine에 의해 탈착되어 역확산되는 과정을 분광광도법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 액상에서 진행되는 흡착되는 물질과 탈착되는 물질의 역확산과정을, 교차하는 물질의 확산량이 같다는 가정 아래 Fritz 2 성분 흡착등온식을 적용한 역확산 모델로 모사하였다. Tetra-phenylporphine에 의해 탈착되는 과정에서 결정된 coronene 의 역확산계수는 ${\sim}10^{-15}m^2/sec$였으며, 흡착되는 과정에서 결정된 tetra-phenylporphine의 역확산계수는 ${\sim}10^{-11}m^2/sec$였다. 탈착되는 과정에서 결정된 coronenne의 역확산계수가 단일 성분의 흡착과정에서 결정된 확산계수에 비해 $10^5$배 정도로 적게 결정되는 이유는, 확산 교차에 의한 효과뿐 아니라 탈착과정에서 세공내 coronene의 농도 구배가 커진 데 기인하는 것으로 설명되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1300-1307
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• 1995

The effect of thermal stratification on the turbulent dispersion from a fine cylindrical heat source was experimentally examined in a wind tunnel with and without a strong temperature gradient. A 0.5 mm dia. nichrome wire was used as a line heat source. Turbulent intensities, r.m.s. value of temperature and convective heat fluxes were measured by using a hot-wire and cold-wire combination probe. The results show that the peack value and the spread of the vertical turbulent intensity for the stratified case are far lower than those in the neutral case, which indicates that the stable temperature gradient suppresses the vertical velocity component. All of the third order moments including heat fluxes measured in the stable condition have very small values than those of the neutral case. This nature suggests that the decrease of scalar fluctuations in the stably stratified flow is mainly due to the suppression ofthe turbulent diffusion processes by the stable stratification. A simple gradient model with a composite timescale which has a simple weighted algebraic mean between dynamic and thermal time scale yields reasonably good numerical values in comparison with the experimental data.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

본 연구는 최근 의공학 분야에서 중요한 영역으로 대두되고 있는 광학과 초음파의 장점을 결합한 영상 방법인 AOT (Acousto-Optical Tomography)의 수학적 모델을 제시하였다. AOT는 광학 필드를 초음파 기둥에서 변화 시켜서 초음파 기둥의 위치 정보를 이용하여 영상을 재구성하는 방법이다. AOT의 수학적 모델은 두 단계로 나뉠 수 있다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 광학 필드의 복원을 하고, 두 번째 단계에서는 획득한 광학 필드를 기반으로 확산 방정식의 역문제를 풀어 흡수함수 ${\mu}$ (absorption coefficient)를 산출한다. 본 연구에서는 두 번째 단계에 해당하는 역문제의 해를 구하기 위하여 수치해석적인 최소화 문제로 변환하고, 수치적 팬텀을 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 전통적인 기울기 하강 방법을 이용하여 역 문제 시뮬레이션의 결과를 보였다. 전변동 정규화 기반의 최소화 문제를 제안하여 기울기 하강 방법의 결과에서 보인 번짐 효과를 개선하였다.