• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.13-26
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to select the study area, which will be formed into Daegu Science Park as an national industrial complex, and to assess the landscape value based on biotop classification with different polygon forms, and to develop and computerize Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT) based on GIS. The result is as follows. First, according to the result of biotop classification based on an advanced analysis on preliminary data, a field study, and a literature review, total 13 biotop groups such as forrest biotop groups and total 63 biotop types were classified. Second, based on the advanced research on landscape value assessment model of biotop, we development biotop value assessment tool by using visual basic programming language on the ArcGIS. The first application result with B-VAT showed that the first grade was classified into 19 types including riverside forest(BE), the second grade 12 types including artificial plantation(ED), and the third class, the fourth grade, and the fifth grade 12 types, 2 types, and 18 types respectively. Also, according to the second evaluation result with above results, we divided a total number of 31 areas and 34 areas, which had special meaning for landscape conservation(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for landscape conservation(2a, 2b, 2c). As such, biotop type classification and an landscape value evaluation, both of which were suggested from the result of the study, will help to scientifically understand a landscape value for a target land before undertaking reckless development. And it will serve to provide important preliminary data aimed to overcome damaged landscape due to developed and to manage a landscape planning in the future. In particular, we expect that B-VAT based on GIS will help overcome the limitations of applicability for of current value evaluation models, which are based on complicated algorithms, and will be a great contribution to an increase in convenience and popularity. In addition, this will save time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting. However, this study limited to aesthetic-visual part in biotop assessment. Therefore, it is certain that in the future research comprehensive assessment should be conducted with conservation and recreation view.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between appearance and size of bone bruise and severity of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), furthermore, to identify the mechanism of ACL injury by analyzing the footprint of bone bruise. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five subjects who was taken an MRI within 6 weeks after acute ACL injury were studied. All MRI showed ACL injury and associated bone bruises. Bone bruises were analyzed using Costa-Paz classification based on appearance and location and also scored using Kornaat bone bruise grading system based on size and location. The severity of the ACL injury was graded using a 4-point system (ie, grade 0-3) with oblique coronal MRI. Results: There was statistically significant correlation between Costa-Paz classification of bone bruises in lateral femoral condyle and grade of ACL injury. There were more type 2 lesions in partial tear group (grade 1, 2), however, type 3 lesions of Costa-Paz classification in complete tear group (P=0.037). Significant positive correlations were observed between Kornaat total bone bruise score and grade of ACL injury (P=0.014). Most common ACL injury mechanism was pivot shift injury. Other mechanisms were clip valgus injury, phantom foot injury, and hyperextension injury. Conclusion: It is highly suggested that appearance and size of bone bruise is related to severity of ACL injury after acute ACL injury. The foot print of bone bruise provides valuable clues to identify ACL injury mechanism.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.215-230
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• 2019

The objective of this research is to evaluate the water quality characteristics using the statistical analysis of major tributaries in the Han River and to provide water quality improvement plan by selecting tributaries that should be preferentially managed by river grade classification method. The major 15 tributaries in Han River watershed were monitored for discharge and water quality during January-December 2017. As a result of the correlation analysis, the river discharge has been not correlation with other water quality constituents (p>0.05) but COD and TOC were significantly correlated (r=0.957, p<0.01). The main cause of water quality fluctuation was organic pollutants and nutrients in the principal component analysis (PCA) method. The BOD, COD, TOC, TN, and TP were found to be significantly different (p<0.05) by seasonal in result of one-way ANOVA analysis. Result of river grade classification by quantitative indicators the tributaries requiring improvement of water quality were Gulpocheon, Anyangcheon, Wangsukcheon, and Tancheon which affected by wastewater treatment plant.In this research, we determined tributaries that need to improve the water quality of Han River watershed and it can be used as an important data for efficient water quality management.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.105-114
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• 2008

This study analyzed recruiting system, competence requirement system, promotion system by competence verification, and expert training system in fire officials of the Tokyo Fire Department. The recruiting system is classified into expert and Grade 1, 2, and 3 and all grades are appointed as a fire fighter. According to the competence requirement system, while in office, fire officials who have a certain qualification defined in the recruiting system can change their recruiting classification according to their ability such as Grade $3{\rightarrow}$Grade 2 or 1 or expert, Grade $2{\rightarrow}1$ or expert, or Grade $1{\rightarrow}$expert. The promotion system requires working hard, capability suitable to their grade, and careful verification. Also, a variety of on-site training and qualification systems are provided to reinforce professionalism of staffs and executives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.116-127
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• 2004

The objectives of this study are to build up the concept of Environment-Oriented Land Suitability Assessment(EOLSA) and to develop the EOLSA mapping system by applying the EOLSA criteria to the case study area. In order to draw out the EOLSA critera, this study adopted the Delphi method including the experts' awareness survey to urban planners as well as environmental researchers in May and June 2001. As a result, the concept of EPLSA was defined as a process of land use planning to scientifically assess the physical and environmental value of land and to classify conservation aptitude into several grades for the sustainable management of environmental resources. With an outcome of applying the EOLSA criteria with five degrees to the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), Grade I, indicating the highest conservation value, accounted for 57.76% of the SMA. Then, Grade II reached up to 15.06%, Grade III 3.12%, Grade IV 15.92%, and Grade V, the lowest conservation value, 7.99% respectively. And also, the case analysis showed that the share of Grade I area was the highest in Gapyong county and Yangpyong county, Pochon county, Yeonchon county, Yongin city in the order and the lowest in Kwangmyong city, Osan city, Kunpo city, Kuri city, and Buchon city.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.447-450
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• 2004

This paper proposes remotely sensed image classification method by fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm using average intra-cluster distance. The average intra-cluster distance acquires an average of the vector set belong to each cluster and proportionates to its size and density. We perform classification according to pixel's membership grade by cluster center of fuzzy c-means clustering using the mean-values of training data about each class. Fuzzy c-means algorithm considered membership degree for inter-cluster of each class. And then, we validate degree of overlap between clusters. A pixel which has a high degree of overlap applies to the maximum likelihood classification method. Finally, we decide category by comparing with fuzzy membership degree and likelihood rate. The proposed method is applied to IKONOS remote sensing satellite image for the verifying test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.112-119
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• 2005

In road tunnel, in order to prevents an accident and minimize the damage of an accident in the case of fire, safety facilities and equipments are integral parts. The type and amount of safety facilities are based on tunnel type and length, traffic flow rate, etc. Therefore many countries use a tunnel classification system that categories tunnel into groups, and specifies the necessary emergency equipment for each group. In this study, for the purpose of classifying tunnel based on tunnel ist investigated the domestic and foreign standards and regulations for safety of road tunnel. As a results, we suggest the method of classification of tunnel by traffic performance, tunnel grade, the volume of traffic, fraction of HGV, rules or regulations for transports of dangerous good through tunnel.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2009

It is very important to utilize effectively fibrous waste paper in terms of cost savings, environmental effects, and governmental policies. The quality of final products and runnability of papermaking process are primarily affected by constitutions of fibrous raw materials. In specific, board grade paper depends directly on compositions of waste paper bales. At present, the raw materials of board grade paper are mainly derived from lots kinds of wastepaper. Some papermaking countries, like EU, USA and Japan have advanced classification and management systems of recycled fiber, but Korea has not yet organized systematically. In this study, evaluation of wastepaper bale compositions and their fiber properties were carried out for effective utilization of fibrous raw materials for board grade paper production. 3 kinds of wastepaper bales were classified to fibrous or non-fibrous materials. In case of fibrous materials, KOCC, kraft sack paper and white duplex board matters were main component in total weight basis, and in case of non-fibrous materials, vinyl, plastic and cloth matters were main component, in turns. 3 representative kinds of waste paper were disintegrated and classified, and then prepared to handsheet for evaluation of recycled fiber property. Consequently, fines and ash content of waste paper, isolated from KOCC and white duplex board were higher than that of kraft sack paper. pH values of all kinds of waste fibers were neutral or weak alkaline.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the results of mosaicplasty and microfracture after surgical treatments for symptomatic osteochondral lesion of talus (OLT) by second-look arthroscopy. Materials and Methods: 7 cases of mosaicplasty and 7 cases of microfracture were reviewed who undertook second-look arthroscopy at 6 months or one year after undertaking mosaicplasty or microfracture for OLT between December 2004 and October 2005. The mean age at first operation was 43.6 years (Range, 20-59) (Mosaicplasty; 43.9 years, Microfracture; 43.4 years). The mean size of cartilage defect was $15.0{\times}7.7\;mm$ in mosaicplasty and $7.1{\times}6.6\;mm$ in microfracture. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Freiburg ankle score. Cartilage healing state was evaluated by Insall's classification for chondromalasia during second-look arthroscopy. Results: By the Freiburg ankle score, 9 ankles (6 in mosaicplasty, 3 in microfracture) had excellent and 5 (1 in mosaicplasty, 4 in microfracture) had good results at the times of second-look arthroscopy. By Insall's classification, consistency of the osteochondral grafts and congruity between grafts and native cartilage (Grade I) were shown in 9 (6 ankles in mosaicplasty, 3 ankles in microfracture), a fissuring (Grade II) in one ankle of mosaicplasty, a fasciculation (Grade III) in one ankle of microfracture, and partial exposure of subchondral bone (Grade IV) in 3 ankles of microfractures. Conclusion: Mosaicplasty was more excellent in consistency and hardness of cartilage than microfracture. In some cases of microfracture, cartilage healing was incomplete at 6 months postoperatively, so second-look arthroscopy is necessary to identify. If incomplete cartilage healing was shown, additional procedure such as microfracture or mosaicplasty was needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.416-418
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• 2022

Glioma is a type of brain tumor that occurs in glial cells and is classified into two types: high hrade hlioma with a poor prognosis and low grade glioma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive method is widely used in glioma diagnosis research. Studies to obtain complementary information by combining multiple modalities to overcome the incomplete information limitation of single modality are being conducted. In this study, we developed a 3D CNN-based model that applied input-level fusion to MRI of four modalities (T1, T1Gd, T2, T2-FLAIR). The trained model showed classification performance of 0.8926 accuracy, 0.9688 sensitivity, 0.6400 specificity, and 0.9467 AUC on the validation data. Through this, it was confirmed that the grade of glioma was effectively classified by learning the internal relationship between various modalities.