• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.128-140
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to present characteristics for the classification of biotopes and classification method of biotopes as basic data for ecological landscape planning in Metropolitan Daegu. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The study identified fifteen characteristics for classification of biotopes. Ecological landscape characteristics were divided into structural and functional factors. There are six structural factors such an inclination, and nine functional factors such as temperature. 2) The study area was separated into sixty eight biotope types. For example, an industrial district was divided into two biotope types: a biotope type of an industrial district with abundant green space, and a biotope type of an industrial district with scarce green space. 3) In the result of cluster analysis using the average linkage method between groups, biotope groups were divided into fifteen clusters and biotope groups were divided into seven clusters. Each cluster was named according to the features of a descriptive statistics analysis. For example, cluster 8 was identified as a biotope type with an impermeable pavement rate of more than 90 percent and an afforestation rate under 10 percent. 4) Fifteen biotope groups were converted to land use patterns for remote application and utilization of urban biotope in city planning. Biotope groups of a building area beyond an intermediate floor with an afforestation rate under 20-30 percent was converted to a land use pattern such as a tall apartment complex or commercial district. When examining the characteristics that were established in this research, there was a limit to achieve the objective of grade-classification because of a lack of related basic data. The research of landscape ecological characteristics for the classification of biotopes could not be completed due to a lack of time and resources, thus the study of ecological landscape characteristics will be accomplished over time.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.38-53
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• 2023

Purpose: The current Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, published and disseminated in 2018, involves some difficulties and causes diagnostic conflicts due to its criteria, especially for inexperienced clinicians. The aim of this study was to design a decision system based on machine learning algorithms by using clinical measurements and radiographic images in order to determine and facilitate the staging and grading of periodontitis. Methods: In the first part of this study, machine learning models were created using the Python programming language based on clinical data from 144 individuals who presented to the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University. In the second part, panoramic radiographic images were processed and classification was carried out with deep learning algorithms. Results: Using clinical data, the accuracy of staging with the tree algorithm reached 97.2%, while the random forest and k-nearest neighbor algorithms reached 98.6% accuracy. The best staging accuracy for processing panoramic radiographic images was provided by a hybrid network model algorithm combining the proposed ResNet50 architecture and the support vector machine algorithm. For this, the images were preprocessed, and high success was obtained, with a classification accuracy of 88.2% for staging. However, in general, it was observed that the radiographic images provided a low level of success, in terms of accuracy, for modeling the grading of periodontitis. Conclusions: The machine learning-based decision system presented herein can facilitate periodontal diagnoses despite its current limitations. Further studies are planned to optimize the algorithm and improve the results.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.414-426
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• 2004

This study analysed inquiry process and activities of the inquiry area in the chemistry field of middle school science textbooks by the inquiry elements based on the 7th science curriculum. The purpose of this study is to grasp a degree of reflecting the 7th science curriculum in the 9th grade science textbooks, and to find out educational implications for the various inquiry learning. Overall, for the analysis of inquiry elements, basic inquiry elements except classification were well reflected on the middle school science textbooks in 9th grade. However, for the integrated inquiry elements, interpreting data occupies almost half of them. This phenomenon is shown in the analysis of inquiry process and inquiry activities, as well. Especially, project and field trip introduced in the 7th science curriculum are hardly found in the textbooks. 9th grade is classified as an upper grade in the 7th science curriculum in terms of inquiry level. Integrated inquiry elements and inquiry activity types, however, are not thoroughly reflected in the 9th grade science textbooks. It is desirable that a variety of inquiry learning of 9th grade be implemented by reconstructing inquiry area based on the results of this study. Hence the degree and ratio of utilizing the integrated inquiry elements and inquiry activity types to the inquiry area of science textbook in 9th grade should be studied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.349-357
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of ultrasonographic classification of fatty liver in three grades. From June 2018 to April 2019, 1047 patients (818 males and 229 females) diagnosed as fatty liver among 3607 patients who underwent abdominal ultrasonography at Busan screening center. Ultrasonography was classified into three grades: Grade I (mild fatty liver), Grade II (moderate fatty liver), and Grade III (severe fatty liver) according to the degree of parenchyma texture, acoustic attenuation, Obesity index, hematological test, and metabolic syndrome. The average age of men in each sex increased with the increase of the fatty liver. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were significantly increased in both men and women (p=.000). hematological analysis showed that AST, ALT, ${\gamma}-GTP$, TG, fasting blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin were significantly different from each other (p<.05). In women, ALT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and TG showed a significant difference with increasing fatty liver (p<.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly increased in both sexes as the grade of fatty liver increased (p=.000). Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the use of ultrasound - guided fatty liver according to severity may be useful for the treatment and follow - up of fatty liver if the liver grade is divided in consideration of hematological variables and metabolic syndrome.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1429-1434
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• 2014

Background: Owing to the variability of histopathological features and biological behaviour in gastric carcinoma, a great number of categorisation methods such as classical histopathologic grading, Lauren classification, the TNM staging system and the newly presented Goseki grading method are used by pathologists and other scientists. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether Goseki grade and tumour location have an effects on survival of gastric cancer cases. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were covered in the investigation. The importance of Goseki grading system and tumour location were analysed in addition to the TNM staging and other conventional prognostic parameters. Results: The median survival time in our patients was 35 months (minimum: 5, maximum: 116). According to our findings, there was no relation between survival and tumour size (p=0.192) or classical histological type (p=0.270). In contrast, the Goseki grade and tumour location significantly correlated with survival (p=0.007 and p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, tumours of the intestinal type had a longer median survival time (60.0 months) than diffuse tumours (24.0 months). Conclusions: In addition to the TNM staging system, tumour location and the Goseki grading system may be used as significant prognostic parameters in patients with gastric cancer.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2005

Purpose: A retrospective review of the radiographs of the proximal metatarsal osteotomy and distal soft tissue procedure for hallux valgus, evaluating the correction of the tibial sesamoid, was undertaken. We evaluated the correlation between the reduction of the tibial sesamoid and the clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: 17 patients (23 cases) with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity underwent the proximal metatarsal osteotomy and distal soft tissue procedure. The preoperative and last follow-up radiographs were reviewed according to the tibial sesamoid grade classification recommended by the Research Committee of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). We divided them into two groups according to the reduction of the tibial sesamoid. We anaylyzed the clinical outcomes in each group according to Mayo Clinic Forefoot Scoring System (FFSS). Results: In all of the patients, the preoperative tibial sesamoid position were grade 2 or greater. At the last follow-up, 52% (n=12) were grade 1 or less (Group I) and 48% (n=11) were grade 2 or greater (Group II). In group I, the forefoot score was improved from preoperative mean value of 32.0 points to final follow-up value of 66.3 points. In group II, the forefoot score was improved from preoperative mean value of 31.7 points to final follow-up value of 65.9 points. There was no statistical significance between postoperative, average scores in group I and II (p>0.05). Conclusion: The position of the tibial sesamoid was corrected insufficiently in almost half of all cases. In view of clinical outcomes, there was no significant difference between the corrected group and the other group.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1107-1112
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• 1995

Between December 1993 and December 1994, fifty-eight percent of the mitral valve patients[33/57 had undergone mitral valve repair. Their mean age was 49[SD-16 years[range 11 - 75 and they were consisted with 15 males and 18 females. The causes of mitral disease in 33 patients were classified as follows: 19 cases[58% were degenerative, 9[27% were rheumatic, 3[9% were congenital and 2[6% were infectious. Carpentier`s functional classification was consisted with Class I 4 cases[12% , II 25 [76% and III 4 [12% . Surgical techniques included prosthetic annuloplasty in 32 cases[97% , leaflet resection in 16[48% , chorda shortening in 13[39% , chorda transfer in 9[27% , new chorda formation in 7[21% , commissurotomy in 7[21% , leaflet mobilization in 4[12% , chorda resection in 3[9% , papillary muscle splitting in 2[6% , cleft repair in 2[6% , leaflet patching in 1[3% and vegetation removal in 1[3% . Average number of mitral anatomical lesions per patient was 3.3 and We used average 3.0 procedures upon mitral valve apparatus per patient. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was carried out in 27 patients[82% for providing an immediate and accurate assessment of the adequacy of the reconstruction before closure of the chest. Operative mortality was absent. The mean functional class[NYHA was 2.87 preoperative and improved to 1.03 postoperatively. Postoperative Doppler echocardiography showed much improvement from grade II MR[5 , grade III[5 , grade IV[21 to no MR[26 , only trace MR[3 , grade III MR[2 . Postoperative mean mitral valve area was 2.4$\pm$0.6cm2[range 1.5 - 4.0 . We conclude that cautiously evaluated mitral valve reconstruction is stable and predictable operation with minimal postoperative left ventricular dysfunction.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 1996

To select the criteria, literature review was made in the quantitative case of conservation biology, foreign country's EIA and domestic ecology. Among them, a few factors was extracted. To applicate the criteria to domestic forest ecosystem, expert opinion survey was executed to the ecologist. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Classification of sites was made of land use system which is related to forest ecosystem or forest conservation. Sites are divided into 3 categories which are nature preservation area, seminature preservation area and urbanized area. Evaluation criteria is consisted of rarity and naturalness. 2. Each area had different criteria composition according to the site characteristics. Criteria of nature preservation area is rarity in the broad sense (distribution pattern of vegetation), vegetation size, successional stage and depth of organic matters. Those of seminature preservation area are rarity in the broad sense (distribution area of vegetation), vegetation size, successional stage, diameter at breath height and depth of organic matters. And those of urbanized area are vegetation distribution in area, successional stage, age of forest and diameter of breath height. The basic data of criterion was gathered by field survey. 3. Evaluation index and total naturalness index was obtained by adding the each criterion. It is made up of two categories-rarity and naturalness. TNi is divided into 3 grades. Grade I is more than 70% for TNi, grade IT is 50~70%, and grade III is below 50%. According to the each grade, permitted action and facilities were suggested.. This research just focuses on the evaluation of vegetation quality and the assessment results do not directly judge conservation or development. To make better evaluation criteria, various fields of forest ecosystem-geological or physical nature environment and fauna ecosystem etc. -will be added wholly to this research.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.485-498
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to find out the status of plant utilization in the current textbooks by analyzing the plants by grade and subject in the national textbooks for all elementary school grades in the 2015 revised curriculum in Korea. Methods: The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel to obtain the frequency and ratio of collected plant data and SPSS for Windows 26.0 to determine learning content areas by grade and the R program was used to visualize the learning content areas. Results: A total of 232 species of plants were presented 1,047 times in the national textbooks. Based on an analysis of the plants presented by grade, the species that continued to increase in the lower grades tended to decrease in the fifth and sixth grades, the upper grades of elementary school. As for the number and frequency of plant species by subject, Korean Language had the highest number and frequency of plant species. The types of presentation of plants in textbooks were mainly text, followed by illustrations and photos of plants, which were largely used in first grade textbooks. In addition, as for the area of learning contents in which plants are used, in the lower grades, plants were used in the linguistic domain, and in the upper grades, in the botanical and environmental domains of the natural sciences. Herbaceous plants were presented more than woody plants, and according to an analysis of the plants based on the classification of crops, horticultural crops were presented the most, followed by food crops. Out of horticultural crops, flowering plants were found the most diversity with 63 species, but the plants that appeared most frequently were fruit trees that are commonly encountered in real life. Conclusion: As a result of this study, various plant species were included in elementary school textbooks, but most of them were horticultural crops encountered in real life depending on their use. Nevertheless, plant species with high frequency have continued a similar trend of frequency from the previous curriculums. Therefore, in the next curriculum, plant learning materials should be reflected according to social changes and students' preference for plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

This study is aimed to redesign established parks and to propose a series of devices protecting them from vandalism. To solve the problems, we ascertained the damaged areas of the park greens. The trace analysis was performed to grasp the transverse inside the parks of Jeonju and Iksan in Collabuldo. Then, we presented the basic plan for minimizing park damage and for remodeling the system of movement. The results of the study are summarized as follows: it is identified that the transverse phenomenon is considerably wide-spread in majority of parks, and has no relationship to the park area or the green area. It is considered that the $\ulcorner$Condition rating class$\lrcorner$ of grass damage, which is grade 6, is extraordinarily high and the damage is accumulated considerably. Also, the damage part of other grade is discovered equally, and when unattended, the acceleration of damage is positive. A damage width a 0.5∼1.5m makes up the greater part of 79.6%. It also constitutes most of a rectilinear form. The difference in the height between the original point and destination point is below 0.7m, which is above 70%. It is identified that the interrelationship between the damage continuation length and plan distance is relatively high by the simple regression: analysis and by Pearson' correlation analysis. In spite of the normal damage continuation length is 20m, the frequency degree is downward with extreme point at 10m. Accordingly, it is assumed that park users have physical and psychological pressure when they cross the lawn field. Damage types are classified as the Simple cut cross type, the Behavioral facilitates type, Access advantage type and the Strolling type through type classification. It is considered that this classification is effective when identifying short pass type on lawn field according to the damage length and intensity.