• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

The first grade zones in Ecology and Nature Map are important regions for the conservation of the ecosystem, but it would be degraded by various anthropogenic factors. This study analyzes the relationship between potential land cover change and degradation of the first grade zones using land cover transition probability. As a result, it was shown that most of the first grade zones with degraded were converted from forest to urban(5.1%), cropland(27.2%), barren(11.0%) and grass(27.5%) in Gangwon and forest to urban(18.0%), cropland(15.3%), grass(28.4%), barren(12.3%) in Gyeonggi. The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of degradation of first grade zone was higher in area where was expected the higher probability of urban, cropland, barren, grass transition. The barren transition probability was the most influential and grass was the next highest. There were regional differences in the probability of urban transition and cropland transition, and the urban transition probability was more influential in Gyeonggi-do. This is because development pressure such as housing site development is high in Gyeonggi-do. Due to the limitations of the Act on Mountain Districts Management, even in the first grade zones, the grade may be degraded. Therefore, if Ecology and Nature Map are used to prevent deforestation or conversion of mountainous districts, it may contribute to the preservation of the ecosystem.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.389-399
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• 2022

Background: This study aimed to analyze changes in medical utilization and cost before and after long-term care (LTC) implementation. Methods: We used the National Health Information Database from National Health Insurance Service. The participants were selected who had a new LTC grade (grade 1-5) for 2015. Medical utilization was analyzed before and after LTC implementation. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series was conducted to evaluate the overall effect of the LTC implementation on medical costs. Results: The total number of participants was 41,726. A major reason for hospitalization in grade 1 was cerebrovascular diseases, and dementia was the top priority in grade 5. The proportion of hospitalization in grade 1 increased sharply before LTC implementation and then decreased. In grade 5, it increased before LTC implementation, but there was no significant difference after LTC implementation. As for medical cost, in grades 1 to 4, the total cost increased sharply before the LTC implementation, but thereafter, changes in level and trend tended to decrease statistically, and for grade 5, immediately after LTC implementation, the level change was decreasing, but thereafter, the trend change was increasing. Conclusion: Long-term care grades showed different medical utilization and cost changes. Long-term care beneficiaries would improve their quality of life by adequately resolving their medical needs by their grades.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

본 논문은 자기주도학습과 심층면담 프로그램이 이공계 학습부진학생의 학업성취도에 미치는 영향을 연구한 것이다. 본 연구는 학점평균 2.5미만의 학생들 17명의 신청을 받아 진행하였으며, 15주 동안의 자기주도학습 프로그램 참여와 3차의 심층면담 결과, 평균 평점(GPA, grade point average)의 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과 참여 과목의 학업성취도, 평균 평점(GPA, grade point average)이 높아지는 효과가 있었으며, 학습 필요성에 대한 인식이 긍정적으로 변화한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2014

내측 무릎골 탈구를 나타낸 개에서 경골결절 전위술 실시후 대퇴사두근각(QA)의 변화를 평가하였다. 내측 무릎골 탈구를 나타낸 전체 62 증례 중 실험조건에 맞는 37개의 다리를 조사대상으로 선정하였다. 술전 QA는 각각 grade 2에서 $24.02{\pm}4.02^{\circ}$, grade 3에서 $26.08{\pm}5.66^{\circ}$ 그리고 grade 4에서 $30.25{\pm}7.41^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 술후 QA는 grade 2에서 $21.25{\pm}3.24$, grade 3에서 $19.16{\pm}3.92$ 그리고 grade 4에서 $19.72{\pm}7.30$로 나타났으며, 모든 등급에서 술후 QA는 술전 QA에 비해 유의성 있게 감소되었다(P < 0.05). 4개월간 추적관찰한 결과 모든 증례는 술후 양호한 예후를 나타냈었으나, 술후 QA는 정상보다 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 정상범위보다 큰 술후 QA는 임상적 예후와 관련성이 적을 것으로 생각된다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine the changes in nurse staffing in hospitals after implementing the policy of differentiating inpatient nursing fees by staffing grades. Method: The study sample included 43 tertiary hospitals, 185 general hospitals, and 282 non-general hospitals that were operating in both 1999 and 2008. Nurse staffing grade was categorized from Grade 1 (highest) to 6 (lowest) in 1999 or Grade 7 in 2008, based on the nurse-to-bed ratio. Results: Tertiary hospitals at Grade 3 and Grade 4 accounted for 49% and 35%, respectively, in 2008, whereas 63% were Grade 6 in 1999. General hospitals at Grade 6 decreased from 87% to 48%. In non-general hospitals, little change was found in the staffing distribution, in that 92% still remained in Grade 6 or 7 in 2008. Forty tertiary hospitals (93%) and 45% of general hospitals improved their staffing grades, while only 7% of non-general hospitals did. Greater likelihood of improvement in staffing grades was found in general hospitals located in metropolitan areas or having 250 or more beds. Conclusion: Elaboration of the financial incentive system is needed to increase the policy impact on staffing improvement.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2024

The performance of a Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SDINS) relies heavily on the accuracy of sensor error calibration. Systematic calibration is usually employed when only a 2-axis turntable is available. For systematic calibration, the body frame is commonly defined with respect to sensor axes for ease of computation. The drawback of this approach is that sensor axes may undergo time-varying deflection under temperature change, causing pseudo gyro bias. The effect of pseudo gyro bias on navigation performance is negligible for low grade navigation systems. However, for higher grade systems undergoing rapid temperature change, the error is no longer negligible. This paper describes in detail conditions leading to the presence of pseudo gyro bias, and proposes two techniques for mitigating the error. Experimental results show that applying these techniques improves navigation performance for precision SDINS, especially under rapid temperature change.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the vascular plants which can be an indicator of environmental change in Seseok of Jirisan National Park. The purpose of this study was to find out the basic information for the subalpine species. This study showed that the area had a total 295 taxa including 63 families, 177 genus, 252 species, 2 subspecies, 36 variants 5 forms and Pte-Q was 1.7. Among them, Korea endemic plants were 15 taxa such as Abies koreana. Rare plants were 14 taxa such as Viola diamantiaca. Naturalized plants consisted of 5 taxa such as Rumex crispus. The floristic regional indicator plants found in surveyed area were 72 taxa comprising 3 taxa of grade V, 7 taxa of grade IV and 24 taxa of grade III. In summary, The subalpine plants of the survey region consisted of 37 taxa including Abies koreana and Gymnadenia cucullata. As rare plants distributed in subalpine zone respond sensitively to climate change, accuracy distribution range, environmental characteristics of habitat and population dynamics of rare plants should be evaluated quantitatively.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.70-88
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a multiple cognitive conflict strategy at remedying student's misconceptions. Elementary students have many misconceptions about the brightness of the electric bulb in simple dual circuits. Most of the misconceptions can be summed up as 'the more batteries or the fewer bulbs, the brighter is the output.' The students have learned about the brightness of the electric bulb while connected to a battery in Grade 4 and the brightness of multiple electric bulbs in Grade 5. However, about $50%$ of the students remain with the firm misconception that the brightness of the bulb is related to the number of source batteries. This strong misconception may not lead to a conceptual change in the case of only one cognitive conflict. This study used a multiple conflict strategy while tackling the cognitive conflicts in the students as they solved the problems many times. It involved 160 grade 5 students. The result was they often changed their misconceptions and used more scientific thinking than the same grade students of other schools. It remains to be seen if this success will transfer to other schools and students and we intend on studying further the differences in students regarding this learning process.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.477-488
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• 2001

The present study evaluated of regeneration effect of platelet rich plasma on the treatment of grade II furcation involvement, with coralline calcium phosphate bone in humans. 30 teeth with grade II furcation defect were selected and 15 teeth(control) were treated with coralline calcium phosphate bone, the others(test) were treated with coralline calcium phosphate bone and platelet rich plasma. Pocket depth, clinical attachment level, width of keratinized gingiva width were measured at baseline, postoperative 3, 6months. from cementoenamel junction to alveolar crest and fundus were measured at baseline, 6months(re-entry). Both groups were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test & Mann-whitney Test using SPSS program(5% significance level). The results were as follows: 1. Pocket depth, clinical attachment level, keratinized gingva width, cementoenamel junction - alveolar crest, cementoenamel junction - fundus were not differ significantly in both groups at baseline 2. The change of pocket depth, clinical attachment level, keratinized gingva width, cementoenamel junction - alveolar crest, cementoenamel junction - fundus in both groups were decreased significantly at 3, 6months(p<0.05). 3. The change of pocket depth, clinical attachment level in test group decreased significantly than control at 3, 6months(p<0.05). 4. The change of keratinized gingiva width, cementoenamel junctional - alveolar crest, cementoenamel junction - fundus were not differ significantly in both groups at 3, 6months. 5. The pocket depth, clinical attachment level, keratinized gingiva width exhibited marked changes at 3 months in both groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that platelet rich plasma have adjunctive clinical treatment effect to periodontal regeneration in grade II furcation defects.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.600-605
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• 2004

The road construction with horizontal expansion of country using and augmentation of traffic demand is advanced actively and it accompanies hereupon, the above of 70% of the country is formed at the mountain in our country where the hazard cut slope has been created. In this study, It is prepared a effective management countermeasure of cut slope introduced priority investigation decision method against hazard cut slope which is influenced by abnormally rainfall by an unusual change in the weather such as a guerilla rainfall character. In meaning link, It was executed collapse cause by failure character analysis in the cut slope which has failed for the last five years and it is prepared the hazard grade criterion from E to A grade according to collapse cause. It is decided that a maintenance management grade by the hazard grade classification criterion of cut slope. So It is possible to hazard cut slope. It is established failure protection counter countermeasure by effective maintenance management through the hazard grade c1assification criterion and it will be able to dispose to advanced nation level like Hong Kong and Japanese.