• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1024-1030
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• 2010

The focus of the study was to maximize the output data for Korean cuisine. This study evaluated the nutritional retention factor for different cuts of Korean beef (Hanwoo beef) subjected to various cooking methods. Five cuts (short rib, sirloin, chuck roll, tenderloin, and fore shank) of Korean Hanwoo beef were prepared and used in this experiment. Two different cooking methods (dry-heat cooking and moisture-heat cooking) were applied to each cut. The sodium contents of dry-heat cooked short rib (86.44), sirloin (76.81), tenderloin (86.65), and fore shank (85.89) decreased. Potassium contents of dryheat cooked sirloin (94.99), chuck roll (89.19), and fore shank (92.66) decreased. Calcium contents of dry-heat cooked sirloin (61.49), chuck roll (73.97), and fore shank (91.46) decreased. Iron contents of dry-heat cooked chuck roll (79.71), and tenderloin (90.79) decreased. Phosphorus contents of dry-heat cooked sirloin (87.87), and tenderloin (99.88) decreased. Mineral contents of all cuts cooked by moisture-heat decreased. Finally, the nutritional retention factor represents output data of each cooking method with yield % of each item.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2017

The aim of this study was identifying a suitable food grade enzymes to hydrolyze whey protein concentrates (WPCs), to give the highest bioactivity. WPCs from ultrafiltration retentate were adjusted to 35% protein (WPC-35) and hydrolyzed by enzymes, alcalase, ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$, pepsin, protease M, protease S, and trypsin at different hydrolysis times (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h). These 36 types of hydrolysates were analyzed for their prominent peptides ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (${\beta}-Lg$) and ${\alpha}-lactalbumin$ (${\alpha}-La$), to identify the proteolytic activity of each enzyme. Protease S showed the highest proteolytic activity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of IC50, 0.099 mg/mL (91.55%) while trypsin showed the weakest effect. Antihypertensive and antioxidative peptides associated with ${\beta}-Lg$ hydrolysates were identified in WPC-35 hydrolysates (WPH-35) that hydrolyzed by the enzymes, trypsin and protease S. WPH-35 treated with protease S in 0.5 h, responded positively to usage as a bioactive component in different applications of pharmaceutical or related industries.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2009

Construction industry is a complex industry which should be invested with plenty capital, manpower and resources. Investment factors and inner and outer environmental factors should be managed systemically in terms with risk factors possible to occur. It maximizes the profit to establish construction management by managing risk systemically. While previous studies were executed with risk related to some special progress lively, studies about risk in managing construction company leave much to be desired. Therefore, this study examined risk in the whole construction management, showed the checklist and deduced the quantitative factors through questionnaire analysis from specialists. Also, priority and grade of construction management factors were evaluated by analyzing weight of construction risk factors.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.140-151
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• 2020

Purpose: To evaluate reliability of Q-ray view (Aiobio Inc,. Seoul, Korea) for assessing retention status of pit and fissure sealants. Methods: Pit and fissure sealants of 58 permanent molars from 15 third-grade students were examined. Posterior teeth with ≥1 pit and fissure sealants applied to the occlusal surface for >6 months were examined. The teeth were examined using traditional visual-tactile assessments and combined Q-ray view. Pit and fissure sealants were evaluated by assessing marginal plaque, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, retention, and presence of caries. Fleiss kappa and Cohen's kappa values were calculated to compare inter- and intrarater agreements between visual-tactile and combined Q-ray view assessments. Results: Regarding interrater agreement in visual-tactile assessments, K values of Cohen's kappa for marginal plaque, marginal discoloration, and presence of caries were 0.22-0.57, 0.36-0.57, and 0.43-0.61, respectively, and agreements ranged from slight to moderate. When combined with Q-ray view, the values were 0.81-0.89, 0.69-0.88, and 0.80-0.90, respectively, and agreements ranged from substantial to nearly perfect level, indicating statistical significance. Marginal plaque (0.81-0.83), marginal discoloration (0.57-0.89), and presence of caries (0.69-0.91) showed higher agreements in combined Q-ray view than in visual-tactile assessments, and kappa values of marginal plaques were significantly higher in combined Q-ray view than in visual-tactile assessments. Conclusion: Evaluating retention status of pit and fissure sealants using Q-ray view showed higher reliability than using visual/tactile assessments for marginal plaque, marginal discoloration, and presence of caries. Therefore, Q-ray view may be used to assess the retention status of pit and fissure sealants.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Objectives: The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating applied occupational health teaching for final-year medical students at Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine. Methods: The study included all sixth grade medical students (n=293) during one academic year. Pre- and post-training tests were used to assess the magnitude of change in knowledge and attitude of students on occupational health, whereas the opinion of students on several aspects of the quality of teaching sessions were assessed by using post-training questionnaires. Results: Post-training tests revealed that the level of knowledge on all aspects of occupational health increased among medical students. An evaluation of the teaching sessions showed favorable results for the overall quality of the sessions: 81.3% of the students stated that the sessions were well organized, 81.7% remarked the workplace/factory visit was a valuable experience, and 91.0% stated feeling more competent on occupational health issues. Conclusion: There was a greater increase in students' knowledge on technical precautions than their knowledge on issues related to medical practice in the workplace. Visiting a workplace was found to contribute to the overall aim of knowledge and attitude change on occupational health issues. The scope of undergraduate medical education should be extended by improving occupational health education with respect to educational content, duration, and methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.116-125
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• 2018

Modified 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel is a preferred material for steam generators in nuclear power plants for their creep strength and good corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels, such as type 316LN, are used in the high temperature segments such as reactor pressure vessels and primary piping systems. So, the dissimilar joints between these materials are inevitable. In this investigation, dissimilar joints were fabricated by the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process with Inconel 82/182 filler metals. The notch tensile properties and Charpy V-notch impact toughness properties of various regions of dissimilar metal weld joints (DMWJs) were evaluated as per the standards. The microhardness distribution across the DMWJs was recorded. Microstructural features of different regions were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Inhomogeneous notch tensile properties were observed across the DMWJs. Impact toughness values of various regions of the DMWJs were slightly higher than the prescribed value. Formation of a carbon-enriched hard zone at the interface between the ferritic steel and the buttering material enhanced the notch tensile properties of the heat-affected-zone (HAZ) of P91. The complex microstructure developed at the interfaces of the DMWJs was the reason for inhomogeneous mechanical properties.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.126-138
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• 1996

Lungs from 109 slaughter pigs with gross lesions indicating enzootic Pneumonia of pigs(EPP) and 16 grossly normal lungs, all originating from seven different herds, were subjected to microbiological examinations. The microbiological studies were included both bacterial and mycoplasmal culture. From lungs of 125 slaughter pigs, 87.2% pigs were pneumonia lesions alone or complexly Mycoplasma spp., pasteurella multocidu(p. multocida), Streptococcus spp., and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniue(A. pleuropneumoniae) were detected in 39.4%, 42.2%, 13.8%, and 3.7% of the pneumonic lungs, respectively. P. multocida was the most frequently isolated organism in pneumonic lungs. Mycoplasmas not isolated organism in 33.9% the pneumonic lungs even If [here are gross lessions mycoplasmas. The amounts of pneumonia in lungs with Mycoplasma spp. alone, a concurrence of Mycoplasma spp. and P. multocida, p. multocida alone, a concurrence of P. multocida and A. pleuropneumoniae, and a concurrence of Mycoplasma spp. and A pleurdpneumoniae were 10.1%, 22.7%, 18.7%, 25%, and 30%, respectively These findings indicated that p. multocida might be involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia in slaughter pigs. Mycoplasma spp. was also, in this study, associated with higher frequency of pneumonia. The frequency of pigs snout lesion grade 0∼5 inclusive were 27.2%, 28%, 19.2%, 16%, 6.4%, and 3.2% from 125 slaughter pigs. 32(25.6%) pigs were positive and 13~30% in the pigs from seven herds were found to be infected with atrophic rhintis (AR). A total of 46 P. multocida strains In pneumonic lungs were further characterized by capsular serotyping and testing for production of dermonecrotic toxin. 42(91.3%) of strains were capsular A and 4(8.7%) were type D. Out of the type A and type D strains, 86% and 75% were toxigenic, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.675-683
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• 2008

본 연구는 초등 고학년 아동의 과일과 채소 섭취 수준 측정을 위한 간단한 식품 섭취 빈도 조사지를 개발 및 평가하고자 실시되었다. 2001년도 국민건강영양조사에 참가한 만 $9{\sim}11$세 아동의 24-시간 회상 자료에 기초하여 식품섭취빈도 조사지의 항목 선정을 위한 기초 조사를 하였다. 각 과일과 채소 식품의 일일 평균 섭취량을 전체 아동 및 섭취량의 4분위 집단 별로 산출한 후, 이 자료를 바탕으로 전체 인구 집단의 섭취량을 대변할 수 있을 뿐만 아내라 고 섭취군과 저 섭취군 간의 차이도 나타낼 수 있는 항목을 선정하였다. 총 9개의 과일 항목과 11개의 채소 항목이 식품 섭취 빈도지에 포함되도록 선정되었으며, 섭취 빈도에 대한 응답 항목은 지난 7일 간의 섭취에 대하여 1개의 선택 범주가 제시되었다. 개발된 조사지의 신뢰도와 상대적 타당도에 대한 평가는 서울에 위치한 한 공립 초등학교에 재학 중인 153명의 $4{\sim}6$학년 학생들을 대상으로 실시하였다. 한 달간의 간격을 두고 2회에 걸쳐 조사를 실시한 자료를 이용하여 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 평가하였으며, 두 번째 방문 시에 28개의 과일 및 채소 항목을 추가로 포함하고 있는 식품섭취빈도 조사지를 더불어 실시한 자료를 바탕으로 상대적 타당도를 평가하였다. 상관 분석과 항목 별 빈도 응답 및 섭취 수준에 따른 집단내 순위 분류의 일관성에 대한 분석을 실시한 결과, 본 연구에서 개발된 20개 항목의 과일 채소 식품 섭취빈도 조사지의 신뢰도와 상대적 타당도가 적정 수준 이상으로 나타났다. 신뢰도를 살펴보기 위한 개별 항목 및 과일, 채소, 과일+채소 섭취 빈도에 대한 상관계수는 $0.22{\sim}0.64$(p<0.001)이었으며, 항목별 빈도 응답의 일관도는 평균 69.3%(<=1 빈도 응답차이)와 81.3%(<=2 빈도 응답 차이)로 나타났다. 상대적 타당도를 살펴보기 위한 과일, 채소, 과일+채소 섭취 빈도에 대한 상관계수는 $0.91{\sim}0.93$(p<0.0001)로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 식품섭취빈도 조사지는 초등고학년 아동의 과일채소 섭취 수준을 간단히 심사하거나 평가하는 도구로서 유용하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2001

Nowadays the number of students that is losing their interest as well as learning desire in mathematics is increasing because of lack of logical thought creative power and abstract expression that present-day mathematics requires by reason of discrepancy of extreme scholastic ability by speciality of mathematics. In these conditions, we reduce the number of learning depression by bringing about learning desire or learning interest on mathematics, and students learn effective learning methods to be voluntary learning of discovery themselves that studies basic concepts, principles, rules through logical thought of students to solve difference of scholastic ability, thus we assumed that debate studies through small group activities in ability group would be one of ways to improve learning power, so the results of our research are as follows; 1. Debate studies through small group activities were very effective because of reinforcing the achivement level of students. 2. By this learning method, an individual or cooperrative learning was fostered, and lively discussions were accomplished. And learning attitudes of students were changed by the extension of cooperative learning abilities through advices or by themselves. 3. A personal opinion is payed regard by accepting an individual idea in the process of making questions. Learners can correct wrong concepts in the process of correcting wrong answers. So if we apply above-mentioned studies with easy contents from the lower grades, the effectiveness would increase as learners go to the higher grade. According to the results of various researches as follows; "The teaching-learning method oriented coopperative debate studies is effective to find solutions to mathematical problems." If small group activities are applied in the educational situation to search the course of a desirable cooperation learning through small group activities to improve scholastic abilities for a discoverable problem-solving power. I think that the teaching-learning method oriented cooperative debate studies is one of the most desirable methods to increase the problem-solving ability.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.332-342
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• 2019

Objectives: Socket grafting is vital to prevent bone resorption after tooth extraction. Several techniques to prevent resorption have been described, and various bone graft substitutes have been developed and used with varying success. We conducted this pilot study to evaluate the performance of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) derived from chicken eggshells in socket preservation. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, single center, outcome assessor-blinded evaluation of 23 sockets (11 patients) grafted with nHA and covered with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane as a barrier. Bone width and radiographic bone density were measured using digital radiographs at 1, 12, and 24 weeks post-procedure. Postoperative histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (CT) evaluation were performed. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: All patients had uneventful wound healing without graft material displacement or leaching despite partial exposure of the grafted socket. Tissue re-epithelialized with thick gingival biotype (>3 mm). Width of the bone was maintained and radiographic density increased significantly with a trabecular pattern (73.91% of sockets) within 12 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis showed 56.52% Grade 3 bone formation and micro-CT analysis revealed newly formed bone with interconnecting trabeculae. Conclusion: Use of a PRF membrane with nHA resulted in good bone regeneration in sockets. Use of a PRF membrane prevents periosteal-releasing incisions for primary closure, thereby facilitating the preservation of keratinized mucosa and gingival architecture. This technique, which uses eggshell-derived nHA and PRF membrane from the patient's own blood, is innovative and is free of disease transfer risks. nHA is a promising economic bone graft substitute for bone regeneration and reconstruction because of the abundant availability of eggshell waste as a raw material.