• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-43
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• 2019

The significance of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) is gradually highlighted as we have entered the age of "New Normal." The South Korean government support these enterprises to boost economic growth and create more jobs. It also releases numerous policies such as national R&D projects and expanding tax incentive services particularly aiming at promoting dramatic investment in R&D and technological innovation. There is a sharp contrast regarding the efficiency of direct or indirect supports for encouraging R&D investment launched by SMEs depending on researchers. However, there has been little attempt to explore the optimal combination of two policy tools. Amid promoting affiliated governmental departments in charge of SMEs policies and constantly growing R&D investment, it is an appropriate time to discuss the medium and long-term direction for the optimal policy mix of direct and indirect supports. In this study, the author obtained 32 relevant studies published earlier in the domestic journals, explored literatures more systematically, and further conducted a meta-analysis. It is dedicated to summarizing relevant controversies and organizes them empirically beyond merely verifying whether policy support stimulates private R&D investment by SMEs. The meta-analysis showed that it would be effective to support as tax for large enterprises, while subsidiary support for SMEs. However, indirect support needs to be progressively increased as direct support primarily accounts for the entire R&D support for South Korean SMEs.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2020

This paper uses super-efficiency DEA model and Malmquist index to evaluate the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) values of the nine western provinces along the "Silk Road Economic Belt" for the period from 2000 to 2015, and analyses the influencing factors of the CEE. The major findings of this study are the following: (1) the overall CEE of the nine western provinces is not high, and there are significant inter-provincial differences in the CEE. Meanwhile, the provinces with higher levels of economic development generally have higher CEE. (2) The annual total factor productivity (TFP) of the nine western provinces, which is mainly determined by technological change, is greater than 1. Moreover, the total average growth rate of the TFP is 15.5%. (3) The CEE of the nine western provinces is not spatially dependent. In addition, the urbanization, openness, use of energy-saving technologies and research and development (R&D) investment have a significant positive impact on the CEE values, while the industrial structure, foreign direct investment, fixed asset investment, government expenditure levels and energy structure have a significant negative impact on the CEE. Among them, R&D investment is the primary factor in promoting the development of CEE, and the government expenditure has the greatest negative impact on the CEE.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

In this article, we first present an inductive taxonomy of national R&D structures in terms of relative R&D flows among prime actors. The R&D structure of Korea, along with the Japanese one, turns out to be an ill-balanced one characterized by the dominant role of private sector, vis-a-vis the minimal share of public R&D. In nature, private R&D is sensitive to business cycle and the vulnerability of the Korean structure has been invisible under prosperity but now is disclosed under depression. This problem is nothing new and indeed has long been recognized by the Korean government but the prescription seemed almost impossible. Ironically, the current economic crisis of Korea renders an unexpected opportunity for structural reform. As private firms are cutting down R&D investment, the relative share of public sector becomes significant. A simulation predicts that balanced systems will be achieved in some years if public R&D budget is kept up. Although the contraction of private R&D is by no means desirable, it is the right time for the Korean government to expand public R&D. Public R&D should be considered not only a remedy for market-failure but also a shock-absorber against cyclic instability. This is why the balance between public R&D and private R&D is emphasized.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.363-384
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• 2014

The adequate measurement of government expenditure efficiency for Energy Technology Development is a difficult empirical issue and the literature on it, particularly when it comes to aggregate and international data. Contribution in this study is threefold: first this study analyze the adequate measurement of government expenditure efficiency on Energy Technology sector of 24 OECD countries and korea. Second this study reconstruct efficiency composite indicators, named "Energy Technology Development Interest level indicator". Third this study assesses the efficiency of government expenditure for Energy Technology Development. The results can be summarized as follow: Korea's government expenditure efficiency for Energy Technology Development is highly ranked among 25 OECD countries based on Energy Technology Development R&D Budgets and Energy Technology Development R&D Budgets per thousand units of GDP indicators. However, Korea's ranking has fallen to 20th. The assessment suggests that government will be have to provide more government expenditure to enhance the efficiency on Energy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.175-201
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• 2004

In industrialised countries, innovation is a key source of economic growth. Research is a key driver of technological innovation and involves the process of systematic investigation and/or experimentation to discover new knowledge. The Governments' industry innovation policy supports a business focus on Research and Development (R&D) through a range of programs in order to achieve these aims. The Innovation Statement (DISR 2000, 20010, launched by the Australian Prime Minister in January 2001, commits an additional $\$3$ billion over five years to encourage and support innovation. The Australian Government aims to build world competitive firms and strong research capability in industry to strengthen Australia's international competitiveness and increase national prosperity. It develops policies and programs to enhance investment in innovation. The Australian Government has establisher a number of R&D funding support programs aimed at increasing the level of R&D in Australia. The backbone of these programs is the tax concession program, which is made up of the 125 per cent R&D tax concession, the 175 per cent premium tax concession and the tax offset. Over 4000 businesses take advantage of the tax concession scheme, which costs the government around $\$400$ million a year. This cost is expected to rise to over half a billion by 2005-06 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). Ensuring these resources are invested where they provide significant national economic benefits is a major policy issue. In this sense, this paper looks at the appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency of the R&D tax concession with costs and benefits analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.2B
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• pp.154-163
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• 2006

The importance of R & D investment has dramatically been increased as industrial paradigm rapidly changes to knowledge-based economy. In order to preserve recent economic growth and reinforce competitive advantage, government policy and regulatory framework needs to be reshaped in ways that minimize the distorted use of limited resources and maximize the efficiency of R & D investment. In this regards, this paper aims to investigate the influence of R & D investment in national economic growth and to compare the effectiveness of IT R & D investment with other industries, in respect to the time lag.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.176-198
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• 2013

Preliminary feasibility study(PFS) was introduced in 1999 by financial authority to encourage a cautious approach to new large-scale public investment project. As it applied cost-benefit analysis as prime measure for decision-making, various issues have been arisen concerning feasibility analysis on R&D programs. This work is intended to suggest standard approaches to be established in PFS on R&D program as follows: 1. The issue questions can be induced in a standard way by 15 representative questions and their correlation with evaluation criteria. 2. The analyzing strategy can be standardized by establishing standards for classification of R&D effects and R&D logic analysis.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.39-55
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• 2022

Purpose - This study empirically examines the effect of the Korean government export promotion program (EPP) on small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) export performance using firm-level data. Unlike most previous studies that investigated some specific samples of firms, this study analyzes a vast amount of SME data of the Korean Small and Medium Business Administration over the period 2005 to 2008. Design/methodology - An endogeneity problem arises when a firm's probability of being selected is correlated with the likelihood of successfully implementing EPPs. To control for the endogeneity of the EPPs in a relatively short-period sample, we employ 2-Stage Residual Inclusion (2SRI) RE-Tobit and bivariate Tobit procedure. Findings - Analyses show that Korean government EPPs have positive significant effects on SME exports. Empirical results also show that SME export activities are significantly encouraged by R&D investment and capital intensity, but not obviously by labor productivity. Originality/value - This study provides evidence that SME capital intensity, R&D investment, and the number of workers are significant determinants to SME exporting activities, whereas per worker labor cost and employee education are not. These results imply that even for SMEs, firm size is a major factor in promoting exporting activities.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-29
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• 2011

Korean government built "2040 Science and Technology Future Vision" in order to show positive future scenarios and suggest a long-term guideline for a progress in science and technology. The S&T Future Vision was built based on an analysis of global megatrends and a prospect of domestic social change. After building S&T Future Vision, the "Government R&E Strategy"s was established as a follow-up action plan. The Government R&D Strategy consists of lists of future emerging technologies for future leadership, government R&D investment status and investment portfolio plans. Exploring future emerging technologies aggressively and making a governmental R&D strategic policy are requirements for national competitiveness, leadership in the world. Therefore search and selection for future emerging technologies is getting more and more important recently. Generally qualitative methodologies have been used such as expert-panel discussion method and portfolio analysis with expert valuation method in order to explore future technologies. These experts-based qualitative methodologies are well defined but lacking in some objectivity because size of expert-panels has limitations. We suggest a quantitative methodology, science mapping method to compensate this shortcoming in this study. There is another limitation related governmental R&D strategy which is that general R&D portfolios are static until a point of technology realization. We also propose a dynamic R&D investment portfolio which present different portfolios at a intermediate point and a point of technology realization. We expect this try with science mapping method and a dynamic R&D portfolio could strengthen strategic aspect of government R&D policy.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2008

The Korean government has tried to increase the total national R&D investment and, to streamline acts and regulations concerning national R&D activities. Korea's total R&D expenditure in the field of S&T for the year 2006 amounted to about 27.3 trillion won including government R&D of 8.9trillion won. The Korean government enacted several pieces of legislation concerning S&T: the "Technology Transfer Promotion Act (1999)" ; the "Framework Act on Science and Technology (2000)", and the "Presidential Regulation for Managing the Government R&D Programs (2001)." With these efforts the capacity of Korea S&T has made great strides recently. But for years Korea has run a severe deficit of technology trade. The Korea's balance ratio of technology trade is 0.36 (export/import). It means that Korean industry excessively depends on foreign resource in introducing new technologies. The Korean government has put a lot of effort into promoting the commercialization of technologies developed in universities. The public technology transfer policy of the government has improved the infrastructure of technology transfer and commercialization. However, the government has realized that these policies have not been as effective as they were anticipated. In spite of these various efforts, the technologies obtained from the government R&D Programs have not been transferred to the Korean industry properly. Only 13.6% of technologies developed in universities for the year 2005 were transferred to industry. The academic royalty revenues for the year was 0.15% of their total R&D expenditure It shows only a twentieth of the percentage of royalty revenues for the American universities. The reasons of poor commercialization of academic technologies are intermingled with imperfection of technology transfer system, lack of licensing experience, immaturity of socio-economic circumstance and inadequacy of legal system and government policy. In this study we analyzed the problems of legal system and policy in licensing of government R&D outputs and suggested proper alternatives.