• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2006.10a
• /
• pp.60-61
• /
• 2006

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) promotes R&D that individual private sector enterprises can not undertake by themselves. To do this, it utilizes an extensive network that supports cooperation between industries, universities, and public research organizations. NEDO's government-funded R&D budget for FY2005 totals approximately 148.8 billion yen. Fuel cells and hydrogen technology development project is one of NEDO's emphasizing projects. The budget size was ${\yen}$20.8 billion, corresponding to about 60% of annual expenditure of Japanese government for fuel cells in FY2005. These projects consist of 8 programs as follows.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 2023

The records system is believed to have started in Italy in the 14th century in line with trade developments in Europe. In 1491, Luca Pacioli, a mathematician, and an Italian Franciscan monk wrote the first book that described double-entry accounting processes. In many countries, including Korea, the government accounting standards used single-entry bookkeeping rather than double-entry bookkeeping that can be aggregated by account subject. The cash-based and single-entry bookkeeping used by the government in the past had limitations in providing clear information on financial status and establishing a performance-oriented financial management system. Accordingly, the National Accounting Act (promulgated in October 2007) stipulated the introduction of double-entry bookkeeping and accrual accounting systems in the government sector from January 1, 2009. Furthermore, the Korean government has also introduced International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and the System of National Accounts (SNA). Since 2014, Korea owned five national accounts. In Korea, valuation began with the 1968 National Wealth Statistics Survey. The academic origins of the valuation of national wealth statistics which had been investigated by due diligence every 10 years since 1968 are based on the 'Engineering Valuation' of professor Marston in the Department of Industrial Engineering at Iowa State University in the 1930s. This field has spread to economics, etc. In economics, it became the basis of capital stock estimation for positive economics such as econometrics. The valuation by the National Wealth Statistics Survey contributed greatly to converting the book value of accounting data into vintage data. And in 2000 National Statistical Office collected actual disposal data for the 1-digit asset class and obtained the ASL(average service life) by Iowa curve. Then, with the data on fixed capital formation centered on the National B/S Team of the Bank of Korea, the national wealth statistics were prepared by the Permanent Inventory Method(PIM). The asset classification was also classified into 59 types, including 2 types of residential buildings, 4 types of non-residential buildings, 14 types of structures, 9 types of transportation equipment, 28 types of machinery, and 2 types of intangible fixed assets. Tables of useful lives of tangible fixed assets published by the Korea Appraisal Board in 1999 and 2013 were made by the Iowa curve method. In Korea, the Iowa curve method has been adopted as a method of ASL estimation. There are three types of the Iowa curve method. The retirement rate method of the three types is the best because it is based on the collection and compilation of the data of all properties in service during a period of recent years, both properties retired and that are still in service. We hope the retirement rate method instead of the individual unit method is used in the estimation of ASL. Recently Korean government's accounting system has been developed. When revenue expenditure and capital expenditure were mixed in the past single-entry bookkeeping we would like to suggest that BOK and National Statistical Office have accumulated knowledge of a rational difference between revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. In particular, it is important when it is estimated capital stock by PIM. Korea also needs an empirical study on economic depreciation like Hulten & Wykoff Catalog A of the US BEA.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2017

Domestic government debt securities is one of the steps which is taken by the government of Indonesia as a major source of financial budget, covering for the budget deficit, debt payments and interest debt. The purposes of this research are to know the development of budget deficits, government debt and impact of domestic government debt securities against economic growth in Indonesia. Method of analysis used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) analyzing the impact of the domestic debt against economic growth in Indonesia. This research uses time series data from 1997 to 2014. Total government debt and domestic government debt securities in Indonesia increased during the last five years. The average of domestic government securities was above 50 percent of the total government debt. Estimated results showed domestic government debt securities has a positive and significant effect to economic growth. Official development assistance (ODA) has a negative effect to economic growth. Other variables such as the gross fixed capital formation and receipt of remittance have positive and significant effect, total imports and government expenditure have negative and significant effect against economic growth.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.35-60
• /
• 2018

This paper investigates the effects of fiscal decentralization on public welfare finance, focusing that welfare status experienced a post-industrial society has proposed decentralization as a response. The decentralization includes local government responsibilities and expanded roles under the background of fiscal distress of center governments and new social risks. For the analysis, the first theory is established to find out the effect of fiscal decentralization on social expenditure. Also, the second theory is set up for the relationship between the level of fiscal decentralization and composition of social expenditure. Findings indicate that the level of social expenditure of state would decrease as the level of fiscal decentralization increases. Also, the more the level of fiscal decentralization increases, the more the in-kind benefits among total welfare expenditure increase.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2008

The Korean government has tried to increase the total national R&D investment and, to streamline acts and regulations concerning national R&D activities. Korea's total R&D expenditure in the field of S&T for the year 2006 amounted to about 27.3 trillion won including government R&D of 8.9trillion won. The Korean government enacted several pieces of legislation concerning S&T: the "Technology Transfer Promotion Act (1999)" ; the "Framework Act on Science and Technology (2000)", and the "Presidential Regulation for Managing the Government R&D Programs (2001)." With these efforts the capacity of Korea S&T has made great strides recently. But for years Korea has run a severe deficit of technology trade. The Korea's balance ratio of technology trade is 0.36 (export/import). It means that Korean industry excessively depends on foreign resource in introducing new technologies. The Korean government has put a lot of effort into promoting the commercialization of technologies developed in universities. The public technology transfer policy of the government has improved the infrastructure of technology transfer and commercialization. However, the government has realized that these policies have not been as effective as they were anticipated. In spite of these various efforts, the technologies obtained from the government R&D Programs have not been transferred to the Korean industry properly. Only 13.6% of technologies developed in universities for the year 2005 were transferred to industry. The academic royalty revenues for the year was 0.15% of their total R&D expenditure It shows only a twentieth of the percentage of royalty revenues for the American universities. The reasons of poor commercialization of academic technologies are intermingled with imperfection of technology transfer system, lack of licensing experience, immaturity of socio-economic circumstance and inadequacy of legal system and government policy. In this study we analyzed the problems of legal system and policy in licensing of government R&D outputs and suggested proper alternatives.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.69 no.2
• /
• pp.9-30
• /
• 2017

Generally, regime shift occurs less frequently than policy change and/or government change. Regime shift needs alterations and changes along the three critical components which constitute a domestic regime: (1) the character of the socioeconomic coalition that rules the country; (2) the political and economic institutions through which power is acquired and exercised; and (3) the public policy profile that give political direction to the nation. This paper tries to examine characteristics of the welfare regime of Korea, and explore policy reform options for the welfare regime shift in Korea. From the viewpoint of livelihood security perspective, I firstly tries to examine development process of Korean welfare regime and specify the main characteristics of that regime. Secondly, I present three policy reform options: (1) reform of the formal political institutions such as electoral system and government type; (2) restructuring of the composition of government expenditure structure; and (3) reduction of the informal employment. These three policy reform options are related to the alteration of socioeconomic coalitions and the changes of the political and economic institutions. Instead of concluding remarks, I finally suggest two debate topics to the round table discussion.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.629-643
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of a policy by comparing and analyzing the impact of the rice market isolation system and production adjustment system (strategic crops direct payment system that induces the cultivation of other crops instead of rice) on rice supply, rice price, and government's financial expenditure. To achieve this purpose, a rice supply and demand forecasting and policy simulation model was developed in this study using a partial equilibrium model limited to a single item (rice), a dynamic equation model system, and a structural equation system that reflects the casual relationship between variables with economic theory. The rice policy analysis model used a recursive model and not a simultaneous equation model. The policy is distinct from that of previous studies, in which changes in government's policy affected the price of rice during harvest and the lean season before the next harvest, and price changes affected the supply and demand of rice according to the modeling, that is, a more specific policy effect analysis. The analysis showed that the market isolation system increased government's financial expenditure compared to the production adjustment system, suggesting low policy financial efficiency, low policy effectiveness on target, and increased harvest price. In particular, the market isolation system temporarily increased the price during harvest season but decreased the price during the lean season due to an increase in ending stock caused by increased production and government stock. Therefore, a decrease in price during the lean season may decrease annual farm-gate prices, and the reverse seasonal amplitude is expected to intensify.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.12
• /
• pp.693-702
• /
• 2020

The present study aims to investigate the impact of tourism growth on human development in Indian economy. For this purpose, the study uses annual data from 1980 to 2018 and utilizes two proxies for tourism growth - tourism receipt and tourist arrivals - and uses human development index calculated by UNDP. The study uses control variables such as government expenditure and trade openness. The study employs auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the cointegrating relationship among the variables in the model. Further, the study also explores the causal nexus between tourism sector and human development by using the Toda-Yamamoto Granger non-causality test. The result of ARDL bounds test reveals the existence of cointegrating relationship between human development indicators, government expenditure, trade openness, and tourism sector growth. The cointegating coefficient confirms a positive and significant relationship between tourism sector growth and human development in India. The causality result suggests that economic growth and tourism have a positive impact while trade openness has a negative impact on human development in India. The major findings of this study suggest that tourism plays an important role in the socio-economic development of Indian economy in recent years and the country must develop this sector to achieve sustainable development.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2020

This paper uses super-efficiency DEA model and Malmquist index to evaluate the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) values of the nine western provinces along the "Silk Road Economic Belt" for the period from 2000 to 2015, and analyses the influencing factors of the CEE. The major findings of this study are the following: (1) the overall CEE of the nine western provinces is not high, and there are significant inter-provincial differences in the CEE. Meanwhile, the provinces with higher levels of economic development generally have higher CEE. (2) The annual total factor productivity (TFP) of the nine western provinces, which is mainly determined by technological change, is greater than 1. Moreover, the total average growth rate of the TFP is 15.5%. (3) The CEE of the nine western provinces is not spatially dependent. In addition, the urbanization, openness, use of energy-saving technologies and research and development (R&D) investment have a significant positive impact on the CEE values, while the industrial structure, foreign direct investment, fixed asset investment, government expenditure levels and energy structure have a significant negative impact on the CEE. Among them, R&D investment is the primary factor in promoting the development of CEE, and the government expenditure has the greatest negative impact on the CEE.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.413-439
• /
• 2009

This study conducts a survey and test to understand U.S. public's perception about multifunctionality. The questionnaire suggests seven alternative way of providing questions about intangible benefits provided by agriculture in the U.S. The final questionnaire was administered as an e-mail survey in June 2008 to a nationally representative household panel maintained in the U.S. by the Ipsos Observer. Data analysis shows that 64 percent of respondents considered the multifunctionality of agriculiture as an important issue and 45 percent of respondents were in favor of increasing government expenditure to support farmland preservation. Using Fishbein's multi-attribute model as a theoretical background, this paper develops an empirical model to assess and attributes of multifunctionality. For the analysis, bivariate orderd probit model was set up to reflect respondent's attitude. Regression analyses show that two questions (how much you agree with agriculture's intangible benefit and increasing government expenditure to support agriculture) are shaped by different sets of facts.