• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.638-661
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• 2009

With the advance to the knowledge-based economy, science and technology (S&T) has been recognized as key factor in a nation's competitiveness. To cope with this kind of new trend Korean government has tried to increase the R&D investment and to streamline acts and regulations concerning national R&D activities. Korea's total R&D expenditure for the year 2007 amounted to about 31.3 trillion won including government R&D of 8.9trillion won. With these efforts the capacity of Korea S&T has made great strides recently. Korea was ranked world's top 7 in R&D investment, top 12 in S&T paper publication and top 4 in patent application. Korean government enacted several pieces of legislation concerning S&T : the "Technology Transfer Promotion Act (1999)"; the "Framework Act on Science and Technology (2000)"; and the "Presidential Regulation for Managing the Government R&D Programs (2001)." In addition, the government has put a lot of effort into promoting the commercialization of technologies developed in public sector and improving the infrastructure of technology transfer and commercialization. However in spite of these various efforts, the technologies obtained from the public sector have not been transferred to the industry properly. Only 24.2% of technologies developed in the public for the year 2005 were transferred to industry. The royalty revenues of the public for the year 2005 was 1.5% of their total R&D expenditure. It shows only a third of the percentage of royalty revenues for the public sector in the U.S.A. and a second of Europe. There are many obstacles of public technology transfer such as immaturity of technology market, lack of licensing experience, and inadequacy of legal system and government policy. In this study I compared the Korean legislative system of patent management of government R&D outputs with the American system, derived problems from Korean system, and suggested proper alternatives.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2013

Since the introduction of e-Government in Korea, government departments and public sectors produced a diversity of electronic records. In addition, they generated new electronic records (we are called composite electronic records(CERs)) which are composed of disparate electronic records. Typical examples of CERs are the records of Social Network Services (SNS). Currently, most of the government departments in Korea uses the Facebook Page to announce their policy and to collect feedback from the people. In addition, many CERs are created and produced. However, the government of Korea has no preservation policies about CERs. It causes problems with losing or neglecting a lot of information. Therefore, we presented the type and the characteristics of CERs which are produced by government departments of Korea. Moreover, we analyze and represent the researches of CERs preservation. Finally, we proposed the mechanism to preserve of CERs in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.259-264
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• 2016

Objectives: We evaluated and recorded post-traumatic and postoperative neurosensory deficits of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in mandibular fracture in order to identify associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study composed of 60 patients treated for mandibular fracture. The primary study variable was the change between the post-traumatic IAN neurosensory examination score and the score after fracture reduction. Risk factors were categorized as demographic, anatomic, fracture displacement, and treatment. Appropriate descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed. Results: Sixty patients with unilateral mandibular fracture reported within 24 hours of injury were evaluated over a one-year period. A post-traumatic neurosensory deficit was observed in 52 patients (86.7%), the percentage of which was reduced to 23.3% over the follow-up period. Abnormal postoperative neurosensory scores were significantly higher in angle fracture cases (33.3%) compared to body fracture cases (11.1%). When recovered and non-recovered neurosensory scores were compared by fracture location, 88.9% of body fracture cases showed significant recovery compared to 66.7% of mandibular angle fracture cases. Cases with less than 5 mm fracture displacement showed statistically significantly higher neurosensory recovery scores (90.6%) compared to those with more than 5 mm fracture displacement (60.7%). Conclusion: Use of a miniplate with mono-cortical screws does not play a role in increasing IAN post-traumatic neurosensory deficit. Early management can reduce the chances of permanent neurosensory deficit. Mandibular fracture displacement of 5 mm or more and fracture location were found to be associated with an increased risk of post-traumatic IAN neurosensory score worsening.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.979-985
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• 2010

This study was performed to detect enterococci strain as an indicator of faecal contamination, to identify of 16S rDNA sequence and vancomycin resistance by MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test from drinking spring-water samples in Seoul. The detection frequency of enterococci was 42 (19.8%) among 212 samples, and its concentration was ranged from 0 to 110 CFU/100 mL. These results were confirmed the possibility as an indicator microorganisms that similar to the frequency of E. coli detection (t test p-value 0.268, significant level 0.05). Isolated 56 enterococci samples were identified by 16S rDNA sequence data and their NCBI BLAST searching. They were identified to Enterococcus faecalis of 24 samples, E. faecium (10), E. casseliflavus (10), E. gallinarum (3), E. hirae (2), E. durans (2), E. sanguinicola (1). E. faecalis was dominant species that clinical case report of a domestic was similar. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) of 53 samples showed that vanB and vanC1/C2 type with 2 and 12 case, respectively. These results indicated that the drinking spring-water quarantined to fecal pollution for block out outbreak of gastrointestinal symptom with using such as disinfection process.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2023

The total arsenic and 6 arsenic species were investigated in 56 fish collagen products using ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer) and HPLC-ICP-MS(High performance liquid chromatography-Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer). The mean concentrations of total arsenic and arsenic species were 40.103±81.133 ㎍/kg (N.D.~586.686) and 30.070±50.378 ㎍/kg (N.D.~313.871), respectively. The mean concentration of inorganic arsenic was 24.610±32.706 ㎍/kg (N.D.~129.331), and the As(V) (Arsenate) was the most dominant. The standards and specifications of arsenic have not been established for fish collagen products. Our study presents that arsenic levels are relatively safe compared with not only previous studies but also domestic and international standards. However, in one sample, the total arsenic concentration was 586.686 ㎍/kg, showing the inorganic was 8.119 ㎍/kg, and the DMA was 305.752 ㎍/kg, which was high than the Canadian standard for organic arsenic. In conclusion, it is necessary to monitor arsenic levels consistently and establish standards and specifications of arsenic in fish collagen products to assure consumer safety.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.589-592
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• 2008

National Road No.24 connects Ulju-gun in Ulsan Metropolitan City and Milyang city in south Gyongsang Province. The width of the road is small and narrow and many of the dangerous cut slopes are distributed along the way. In 2002, the government officer carried on the brief exploration about road cut slopes, and KICT conduct a detailed additionally investigations 57 dangerous cut slope sites of them. We gained a variety of information of the each slope such as length, slope, discontinuites et al.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

This study compared the content change of physiological active substances according to the extraction condition when we generally drink the extractive of Schisandra fruit with using water. Physiological active substances of the Schisandra fruit, schizandrin, gomisin A and gomisin N were analysed with HPLC. The results of extracting 1 dose of the Schisandra fruit tea, which is some as 1 g of Schisandra fruit, in 100 mL of water by differing the extraction type, extraction temperature and extraction time were of the followings. The total content of schizandrin, gomisin A and gomisin N of powder type in $26^{\circ}C$ leaching was the highest (p < 0.05) as the leaching content of 24 hours (5.54 mg/g) showed difference with different times and the contents of raw type Schisandra fruit were less than 0.1 mg/g in all of extraction time. The contents of powder type Schisandra fruit in $60^{\circ}C$ heating extraction was over 4.50 mg/g except for the 5 minute (2.94 mg/g), and the contents of raw Schisandra fruit were less than 0.3 mg/g. In case of $100^{\circ}C$ heating extraction, the contents of powder type Schisandra fruit showed over 5.10 mg/g in every time zone, and the raw type Schisandra fruit was less than 1.0 mg/g.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-24
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• 1987

This study was conducted to measure the diurnal variation and behaviour of atmospheric mercury in an urban area by gold amalgamation and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were as follows: 1. The Hg concentration in ambient air averaged. 21.13ng/m$^3$ for 111 determinations (C.V. 78.5) in urban area and 5.91ng/m$^3$ for 140 determinations (C.V. 21.3) in suburban area. The urban area concentration was significantly higher and fluctuated more than its rural counterpart. 2. Regression analysis of the interaction between mercury concentration and other components showed a significant correlation between mercury concentration and sulfur dioxide also, TSP were found. Mercury concentration was shown to have a similar behaviour, on the whole, with other air pollutants. 3. It demonstrated a positive correlation with sunlight (UV-ray), while it had a negative response to wind speed and humidity. Its concentration showed a tendensy to increase during calm weather specifically. 4. The Hg concentration at the Mt. Dok You inland clean area ranged from 1.33ng/m$^3$ to 2.0ng/m$^3$, with a mean value of 1.63ng/m$^3$.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.10-25
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• 2010

As disaster potential power of modern society grows larger, to improve and reinforce efficiently a national system which prepares and responds disasters, analyzed the survey for government officials of the department disaster management. Following is the contents of this research. First, cooperative relationship to disaster management organizations. Second, necessity of law establishment related crisis and disaster department. Third, by recognition regarding disaster management situational variable, overall recognition regarding disaster management situation, overall recognition regarding crisis type, recognition regarding occurrence possibility along disaster scale. Fourth, by recognition regarding structural variable of disaster management, the National Emergency Management Agency regarding disaster management, related organization, recognition difference of local government. It is a research about confusion regarding step of prevention - preparation - correspondence - restoration.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.217-236
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of the New Container Security Initiatives of U.S., CSI(Container Security Initiative) and C-TPAT(Customs-Trade Partnership against Terrorism). The CSI which aims to pre-screen high-risk containers in ports of loading. It is a unilateral effort that seeks to develop bi-lateral agreements between the United States and foreign countries with significant container trade volumes into the U.S. C-TPAT is a voluntary initiative to develop cooperative security relationships between the U.S. government and U.S. firms in the global supply chain. Government and Industry have already responded with proposals to create more confidence in supply chain security. These proposals call for heightened inspection and scrutiny of the goods flowing through a supply chain, increased information exchange among participants of supply chain. While government and the private sector are working together to launch new initiative to create more secure and reliable supply chains, industry is rapidly exploring the potential of new technologies such as RFID. The security recommendations will eventually become the requirements to be complied with by importers and their supplier extending to the carriers. It is needed that Korean shippers involved in US importer's supply chain should pay attention to the requirements and start implementing the security measures.