• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2013

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a member of the TGF-${\beta}$ (transforming growth factor-${\beta}$) family whose members play key roles in development, suppression of tumour growth, and feedback control of the pituitary-gonadal hormone axis. MIS is expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner in which it is restricted to male Sertoli cells and female granulose cells. The serum levels of MIS in prenatal and postnatal ICR mice were measured using the enzyme-linked immuno-solvent assay (ELISA) using the MIS/AMH antibody. Mice were grouped by age: the significant periods were at the onset of development. During sex organ differentiation, no remarkable difference between female and male foetus MIS serum levels (both<0.1 ng/ml) was observed. However, MIS serum levels in pregnant mice markedly changed (4.5~12.2 ng/ml). After birth, postnatal female and male mice serum MIS levels changed considerably (male: <0.1~138.5 ng/ml, female: 5.3~103.4 ng/ml), and the changing phase were diametrically opposed (male: decreasing, female: fluctuating). These findings suggest that MIS may have strong associations with not only develop-ment but also puberty. For further studies, establishing the standard MIS serum levels is of importance. Our study provides the basic information for the study of MIS interactions with reproductive organ disability, cancer, and the effect of other hormone or menopause. We hypothesise that if MIS is regularly injected into middle-age women, meno-pause will be delayed. We detected that serum MIS concentration curves change with age. The changing phase is different between males and females, and this difference is significant after birth. Moreover, MIS mRNA is expressed during the developmental period (prenatal) and also in the postnatal period. This finding indicates that MIS may play a significant role in the developmental stage and in growth after birth.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2011

The mechanism by which gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and dopamine (DA) control gonadotropin (GTH) release was studied in male and female rainbow trout using cultured pituitary cells obtained at different reproductive stages. The mechanisms of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release by GnRH and DA could not be determined yet. However, basal and salmon-type GnRH (sGnRH)- or chicken-II-type GnRH (cGnRH-II)- induced luteinizing hormone (LH) release increased with gonadal maturation in both sexes. LH release activity was higher after sGnRH stimulation than cGnRH-II stimulation at maturing stages in both sexes. The GnRH antagonist ([Ac-3, 4-dehydro-$Pro^1$, D-p-F-$Phe^2$, D-$Trp^{3,6}$] GnRH) suppressed LH release by sGnRH stimulation in a dose-dependent manner, although the effect was weak in maturing fish. The role of DA as a GTH-release inhibitory factor differs during the reproductive cycle: the inhibition of sGnRH-stimulated LH release by DA was stronger in immature fish than in maturing, ovulating, or spermiated fish. DA did not completely inhibit sGnRH-stimulated LH release, and DA alone did not alter basal LH release. Relatively high doses ($10^{-6}$ or $10^{-5}M$) of domperidone (DOM, a DA D2 antagonist) increased LH release, which did not change with reproductive stage in either sex. The potency of DOM to enhance sGnRH-stimulated LH release was higher in maturing and ovulated fish than in immature fish. These data suggest that LH release from the pituitary gland is controlled by dual neuroendocrine mechanisms by GnRH and DA in rainbow trout, as has been reported in other teleosts. The mechanism of control of FSH release, however, remains unknown.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2000

Evidence suggested that atypical antipsychotics (APs) such as clozapine show less side effects than those of typical APs such as haloperidol and sulpiride. However, little is known about chronic effects of these drugs on changes in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA expression and luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactivity. Male rats were divided into water-, haloperidol-, sulpiride-, and clozapine-treated groups, and these drugs were administered orally for 4 weeks. The changes in the expression of GnRH mRNA and the LH immunoreactivity were determined in the hypothalamus and pituitary, respectively, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. GnRH mRNAs were clearly expressed in the water-treated control vats. This was significantly reduced by the chronic treatments with the typical APs, especially with haloperidol, but not with atypical APs clozapine. Likewise, LH immunoreactivity was clearly stained in the control group. While its immunoreativity was significantly reduced by the chronic APs treatments, clozapine treatment showed only slight attenuation. The results show that the atypical APs clozapine has less side effects in the gonadal function than the typical APs haloperidol and the sulpiride. These results suggest that clozapine is a safer drug than the typical APs, at least in the reproductive system.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2011

Growth hormone (GH) is obligatory for growth and development. But, there is controversy on the GH effect about reproductive processes of sexual differentiation, pubertal maturation, gonadal steroidogenesis, gametogenesis and ovulation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of GH on estrus, ovulation and embryo implantation. The results obtained were as follows. GH stimulated to increase estrus rate (p<0.05), pregnancy rate (p<0.05), and total fetus number in mice treated for superovulation. Also, the correlation between GH and steroids, E2 and P4, at peri-estrus stage/ peri-ovulation stage/ peri-implantation stage of the superovulation-induced mice was examined. Consequently, GH co-injected with PMSG especially increased P4 level (p<0.05) at peri-estrus stage of superovulationinduced mice. In conclusion, GH co-treatment in superovulation system boosted the rate of estrus, pregnancy and total fetus by increasing progesterone level at peri-estrus stage of superovulation-induced mice.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.495-497
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• 2017

Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder with a defective synthesis of either the alpha or the beta chain of hemoglobin A. Blood transfusion is crucial for the survival in these patients. Unfortunately, endocrine dysfunction is a very common complication in these patients and is principally due to excessive iron overload as a result of frequent blood transfusions. Although regular blood transfusion may increase life expectancy, disturbances in growth and pubertal development, abnormal gonadal functions, impaired thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal functions, diabetes, and disorderly bone growth are common side effects. We hereby present a case of a 23-year-old, unmarried woman with beta thalassemia major presenting with primary amenorrhea, poor development of secondary sexual character, and short stature. Thorough history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigation, including dynamic function test (insulin tolerance test) were conducted. These tests confirmed that she had multiple endocrinopathies, including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, and subclinical adrenal insufficiency, which were caused by iron overload. She required hormone replacement therapy. Early recognition of possible deficiencies in hypothalamo-pituitary-end organ hormones caused by iron overload in thalassemia patients that undergo frequent blood transfusion procedures is essential. Appropriate treatments, including transfusion regimen and chelation therapy, as well as specific treatment of each complication are the crucial for the successful management and improvement of quality of life these patients.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.614-620
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• 2002

본 연구는 3년생 양식 가두리산 어미를 실내 수조로 옮긴 뒤 연중 생식소와 호르몬의 주년 변화를 파악하기 2년 동안 매달 샘플을 실시하였다. 형태학적 내분비학적 분석 결과 수컷은 암컷에 비해 앞서 성숙이 진행되고, 산란은 1월말에서 3월 사이에 이루어졌다. 산란기 이후 다음해 1월까지 모든 암컷은 난황형성 이전 단계에 머물러 있었고, 수컷 중 일부는 정자형성 활성을 다시 나타내기 시작했다. 10월에 접어들면서 일조량의 감소와 함께 성장 중인 난모세포에서 cortical alveoli이 나타나기 시작하고, 정자 형성이 점차 늘어났다. 10월과 2월 사이 암컷은 vitellogenesis, 수컷은 spermatogenesis가 일어나며, 난소 성숙지수는 암컷이 4.3$\~$$24.1\%$, 수컷은 $6\%$ 이상으로 증가하였다. 그리고 산란력 평가를 통해 농어는 다른 해산어류와 유사한 산란 전략을 지니고 있었으며, 다회산란의 특성을 지니고 있었다. 또한 농어의 생식기 과정동안에 이루어진 성호르몬인 testosterone (T)과 estradiol-17$\beta(E_{2})$ 의 분석 결과 생식기 발달에 따른 농도의 변화가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 11월에서부터 2월까지 높은 혈중 T와 $E_{2}$의 농도는 이 시기 수컷의 정자형성과 난소의 성숙란 형성에 있어 이들 호르몬의 관련성이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 양식산 농어의 생식기능은 실내 수조에서 발현이 되며, 따라서 인공종묘생산에 필요한 수정란 생산이 실내 수조에서 가능하다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1988

틸라피아는 암수간에 성장차가 커 수컷 종묘만을 생산하여 양식함은 산업적으로 매우 중요시된다. 본 연구는 나일틸라피아의 암컷을 수컷으로 성전환시키기 위한 연구로써 본 종의 초기생식소 분화 및 여러 농도의 호르몬 처리에 의한 성전환율을 구한 후 호르몬이 성장에 미치는 효과를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 나일틸라피아의 초기 생식소는 원생식세포의 점진적인 분열에 의해 부화후 9일째 형성되었으며, 난소와 정소로의 성 분화는 부화후 약 20일부터 조직학적으로 식별되었다. 17$\alpha$-mrthyltestosterone (MT)을 15, 30 및 60ppm의 농도로 10$\~$40일 동안 처리한 후 성전환율을 조사한 결과 모든 실험군에서 $95\%$ 이상의 수컷이 생산되었다. 특히 15ppm-40일, 30ppm-30일과 30ppm-40일 처리군에서는 $100\%$ 수컷이 유도되었다. 호르몬 처리에 의한 성장의 증가는 대조군에 비해 비교적 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, condition factor 역시 크게 나타나 MT는 틸라피아의 성장을 증가시킴은 물론 비만하게 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences fatty acids and hormonal parameters in the spawning and non-spawning season between the diploid and induced triploid Far Eastern catfish, Silurus asotus. The measured triploids were produced by cold shock for 50 min at $4^{\circ}C$ in May 2014, the spawning season of diploid was in May, and the non-spawning season was designated in January. Estradiol and testosterone and gonadosomatic index of diploid were higher than those of induced triploid in spawning season (P<0.05), and those of diploid in spawning season were higher than non-spawning season. On the other hand, thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine of induced triploid were higher than those of diploid in spawning season (P<0.05). Erythrocyte count of diploid was higher than that of induced triploid in spawning season and non-spawning seasons. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin of induced triploid were higher than those of diploid in both seasons (P<0.05). Percentages of total saturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of induced triploid were higher than those of diploid in spawning season, but those of diploid were higher in non-spawning season (P<0.05). Percentages of total mono unsaturated fatty acids and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids of diploid were higher than those of induced triploids in spawning season, while those of induced triploid in non-spawning season were higher (P<0.05). Therefore, induced triploids in the spawning season tend to concentrate on growth and lipid-synthesization, whereas, diploids concentrate on reproduction and gonadal maturation rather than on growth. In non-spawning season, growth and lipid-synthesization were not significantly different between diploid and induced triploid.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2004

Plasma steroid hormone levels in the viviparous rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) were examined in relation to gonadal histology under controlled photoperiods and water temperatures. To investigate those effects in S. schlegeli the photoperiod was maintained at 15L:9D in June and then it was gradually decreased to 9L: 15D in October. It was then gradually increased to 12L:12D in January, followed by 14L:I0D in February. The water temperature was $19-20^{\circ}C$ in July. From August to October, it was from $18^{\circ}C\;to\;12^{\circ}C$. Then, it was dropped to a low of $19-11^{\circ}C$ in November to December and then gradually increased to $14-15^{\circ}C$ in February. In females, both plasma $estradiol-l7\beta\;$ (E2) and testosterone (T) levels from August to February showed a similar pattern in both the treatment and the control groups. In the treatment group, the peaks of plasma E2 and T were observed in November, and the peaks were closely correlated to histological observations. Oocytes contained many yolk globules (final vitellogenic oocytes), and oocytes at the migratory nucleus stage increased in size. Plasma levels of progesterone did not change much throughout the experimental period. However, in the control group, the peaks of E2, T, and progesterone were observed in February. These results indicate that the controlled photoperiod and water temperature accelerated sexual maturity, corresponding to the advancement of plasma E2 and T peaks by approximately 3 months. In males, plasma T levels showed a similar pattern from August to October in the treatment and control groups, though levels in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group. From histological observations, the treatment group copulated one month earlier.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4843-4846
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• 2014

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is most common in childhood. Inhibin (a non-steroidal glycoprotein hormone of gonadal origin) can be used as marker of fertility. The current study was conducted to evaluate inhibin levels in ALL patients and to estimate its correlation with some antioxidants in these in comparison with control subjects. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on sixty patients with ALL and thirty children as controls. Fasting blood samples were taken from each subject and analyzed for haemoglobin, serum protein, vitamin E and C, in addition to glutathione and inhibin. Results: The results of the study showed highly significant decreases (p<0.001) in haemoglobin, glutathione and inhibin levels with significant decreases (p<0.05) in serum protein and vitamin E levels for patients group in comparison with controls while there was no significant differences in vitamin C. Moreover, there were significant correlations between inhibin levels and serum protein, glutathione and both vitamins (E and C) in the ALL patient group (r= 0.81, 0.80, 0.77 and 0.69, respectively). Conclusions: The present results indicated infertility in patients with ALL demonstrated by low inhibin level as a consequence of abnormality in anti-oxidative metabolism due to the cancer process. So, it can be suggested the need for routine measurement of inhibin for leukemic patients to estimate the action of hormones of gonadal origin.