• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.303-314
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• 2024

Objective: Rutin, also called vitamin P, is a flavonoids from plants. Previous studies have indicated that rutin can alleviate the injury of tissues and cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and ameliorating inflammation. There is no report on the protective effects of rutin on goat rumen epithelial cells (GRECs) at present. Hence, we investigated whether rutin can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage in GRECs. Methods: GRECs were cultured in basal medium or basal medium containing 1 ㎍/mL LPS, or 1 ㎍/mL LPS and 20 ㎍/mL rutin. Six replicates were performed for each group. After 3-h culture, the GRECs were harvested to detect the relevant parameters. Results: Rutin significantly enhanced the cell activity (p<0.05) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (p<0.01) and significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (p<0.05) of LPS-induced GRECs. Rutin significantly increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity (p<0.01) and significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and the mRNA level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) were significantly increased in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), while rutin supplementation significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The mRNA level of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was significantly improved in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), whereas rutin supplementation could significantly reduce the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In addition, rutin had a tendency of decreasing the protein levels of CXCL6, NF-κB, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B alpha (0.05

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.695-703
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• 1994

The development of reticulum in fetuses between 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by light, scanning electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows; 1. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the stomach was developed and differentiated into four compartments of rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The reticular epithelial layers were differentiated into two zones; a small dark basal and a large light luminar zones. The wall of reticulum resembled that of the rumen except that the mucosa was in the cranio-dorsal region of the reticulum. 2. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the light luminar zone of the reticulum was about 10-16 times thicker than the dark zone. The outlines of the reticular ribs were visible. 3. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the wall of the reticlum had also increased in thickness. The reticular mucosa exhibited an irregular luminar surface and the invaginations had differentiated into large regularly arranged ones separated by 3-5 and small irregularly arranged ones. 4. In the neonate, the luminar surface of the reticular mucosa demonstrated clear furrows, at which the superficial cells of the light zone had undergone degenerative changes. 5. Scanning electron microscopic studies; In the 60-day-old fetuse, numerous microvilli were observed on the superficial epithelial layer of shape or dome like at 120 days. In the neonate, the reticular papillae liked the little finger.