• Title/Summary/Keyword: Glycopeptide

검색결과 46건 처리시간 0.038초

형광펩타이드를 이용한 Oligosaccharyltransferase Assay 방법 연구 (Comparison of Oligosaccharyltransferase Assay Methods Using a Fluorescent Peptide)

  • 김성훈
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.96-103
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    • 2010
  • 단백질의 N-글리코실화는 대표적인 번역 후 변형 중의 하나로 진핵생물 뿐 아니라 원핵생물에서도 발견된다. N-글리코실화는 단백질 상의 N-글리코실 서열인 N-x-S/T 위치에 지질과 연결된 올리고당(lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO)으로부터 올리고당 전이효소(oligosaccharyltransferase, OTase) 활성에 의해 글리칸(glycan)이 전달되어 당단백질의 합성이 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 OTase의 세포내 활성을 측정하기 위하여 5/6-carboxyltetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)이 도입된 형광펩타이드 TAMRA-DA$\underline{N}$Y$\underline{T}$K-$NH_2$를 이용하였다. OTase활성 측정은 단일 서브유닛으로 효소의 활성을 갖는 운동핵 편모충류인 Leishmania major Stt3p와 병원성 미생물인 Campylobacter jejuni PglB를 진핵생물과 원핵생물의 모델 효소로 각각 사용하여 Saccharomyces cerevisiae와 C. jejuni 유래 LLO와 형광 펩타이드를 반응시켜 당-펩타이드를 합성하였다. 합성된 당-펩타이드를 미반응한 형광펩타이드와 분리 및 당-펩타이드의 정량 분석을 위하여 Tricine SDS-PAGE, ConA 렉틴 컬럼 및 fluorospectrophotometer, HPLC를 사용하였으며, 당-펩타이드 분석을 통해 각 방법의 장단점을 비교하였다. 비교 분석 결과 Tricine SDS-PAGE를 이용한 형광 이미지 분석과, 렉틴 컬럼을 통해 분리된 당-펩타이드의 fluorospectrophotometer 정량법에 비해, HPLC를 이용한 방법이 OTase에 의해 생성된 당-펩타이드를 분석하는데 더 정확하고 정량적인 값을 제시하는 것으로 확인되었다.

고려인삼의 함질소 화합물과 생리학적 중요성 (Nitrogen Compounds of Korea ginseng and Their Physiological Significance)

  • Park, Hoon;Cho, Byung-Goo;Lee, Mee-Kyoung
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.317-331
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    • 1990
  • Nitrogen compounds of Panax ginseng and their biological activities in plant and animal were reviewed. Major nitrogen combounds found in P. ginseng are free amino acids, Water soluble teins, insoluble proteins and peptides. Minor nitrogen compounds are dencichine. glycol)roteins. amines, alkaloides, methoxy or alkyl pyrazine derivatives. free nucleosides and nllrleir arid bases. 4-me- thymi-5-thiazoleethanol and pyroglutamic acid. The contents of total nitrogen and protein in root increased until 13 years old rvhich was the highest age tinder investigation. Soluble protein content increased With the root weight and was higher in xylem pith than cortex-epidermis indicating the rlosc relation with root growth. Arginine which covered 58% of total free amino aroids may serve as a storage nitrogen. Arginine seems to be changed into proline in rhizome, threonine in stem and again threoning and arginine in leaf. The greater the root weight the higher the polyaminc content. Polyamine stimulated the growth of root callus. Physiological roles of other minor nitrogen compounds are unknown although dencichine content is relatively high (0.5% d.w.). biochemical and pharmatological activities of some nitrogen compounds for animal were more investigated than physiological roll iota plant itself. Radiation and U.V. protective function (heat stable protein), insulin-like activity in lipogenesis and lipolysis (adenosine and pyroglutamic acid), depression of blood sugar content (glycopeptide). hemostatir and nellrotoxic activity (denrichine) and. sedative and hypnotic activity (4-methyl-5-thiazoleethilnol) are reported. Heat stable protein increased with root age. The traditional quality critsria appear to be well in accordance with biological activities of nitrogen compounds. Chemical stlldies of nitrogen compounds seem relatively rare, probably dole to difficulty of isolation, subsequently the investigations of biological activities are little.

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Therapeutic Profile of T11TS vs. T11TS+MiADMSA: A Hunt for a More Effective Therapeutic Regimen for Arsenic Exposure

  • Chaudhuri, Suhnrita;Acharya, Sagar;Chatterjee, Sirshendu;Kumar, Pankaj;Singh, Manoj Kumar;Bhattacharya, Debanjan;Basu, Anjan Kumar;Dasgupta, Shyamal;Flora, S.J.S.;Chaudhuri, Swapna
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.2943-2948
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    • 2012
  • Arsenic exposure is a serious health hazard worldwide. We have previously established that it may result in immune suppression by upregulating Th2 cytokines while downregulating Th1 cytokines and causing lymphocytic death. Treatment modalities for arsenic poisoning have mainly been restricted to the use of chelating agents in the past. Only recently have combination therapies using a chelating agent in conjunction with other compounds such as anti-oxidants, micronutrients and various plant products, been introduced. In the present study, we used T11TS, a novel immune potentiating glycopeptide alone and in combination with the sulfhydryl-containing chelator, mono-iso-amyl-dimarcaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA) as a therapeutic regimen to combat arsenic toxicity in a mouse model. Results indicated that Th1 cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$, $IFN{\gamma}$, IL12 and the Th2 cytokines such as IL4, IL6, IL10 which were respectively downregulated and upregulated following arsenic induction were more efficiently restored to their near normal levels by T11TS alone in comparison with the combined regimen. Similar results were obtained with the apoptotic proteins studied, FasL, BAX, BCL2 and the caspases 3, 8 and 9, where again T11TS proved more potent than in combination with MiADMSA in preventing lymphocyte death. The results thus indicate that T11TS alone is more efficient in immune re-establishment after arsenic exposureas compared to combination therapy with T11TS+MiADMSA.

Functional and Structural Characterization of Drosocin and its Derivatives Linked O-GalNAc at Thr11 Residue

  • Ahn, Mi-Ja;Sohn, Ho-Ik;Nan, Yong Hai;Murugan, Ravichandran N.;Cheong, Chae-Joon;Ryu, Eun-Kyoung;Kim, Eun-Hee;Kang, Shin-Won;Kim, Eun-Joo;Shin, Song-Yub;Bang, Jeong-Kyu
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제32권9호
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    • pp.3327-3332
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    • 2011
  • Antimicrobial peptides have recently gained the much attention because of their ability to make defense system from attacking bacterial infections. Drosocin has been considered as very attractive antibiotic agents because of low toxicity against human erythrocytes and active at the low concentration. We have studied the structureactivity relationship of a glycopeptide drosocin focused on the N-acetyl-D-galactoside at $Thr^{11}$ residue. Based on the radial diffusion assay, we found that the acetylation of carbohydrate moiety increased the antimicrobial activity and the $Pro^{10}$, present in the middle of drosocin plays an important role in the antimicrobial activity. Our results provide a good lead compound for further studies on the design of drosocin-based analogues targeting glyco linked Thr site.

Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Therapy for a Jehovah's Witness Child With Severe Anemia due to Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

  • Woo, Da Eun;Lee, Jae Min;Kim, Yu Kyung;Park, Yong Hoon
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제59권2호
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    • pp.100-103
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    • 2016
  • Patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) can rapidly develop profound anemia as the disease progresses, as a consequence of red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis and inadequate erythropoietin synthesis. Therefore, RBC transfusion should be considered in HUS patients with severe anemia to avoid cardiac or pulmonary complications. Most patients who are Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusion, even in the face of life-threatening medical conditions due to their religious convictions. These patients require management alternatives to blood transfusions. Erythropoietin is a glycopeptide that enhances endogenous erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. With the availability of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), several authors have reported its successful use in patients refusing blood transfusion. However, the optimal dose and duration of treatment with rHuEPO are not established. We report a case of a 2-year-old boy with diarrhea-associated HUS whose family members are Jehovah's Witnesses. He had severe anemia with acute kidney injury. His lowest hemoglobin level was 3.6 g/dL, but his parents refused treatment with packed RBC transfusion due to their religious beliefs. Therefore, we treated him with high-dose rHuEPO (300 IU/kg/day) as well as folic acid, vitamin B12, and intravenous iron. The hemoglobin level increased steadily to 7.4 g/dL after 10 days of treatment and his renal function improved without any complications. To our knowledge, this is the first case of successful rHuEPO treatment in a Jehovah's Witness child with severe anemia due to HUS.

Elicitors which Induce the Accumulation of p-Coumaroylamino Acids in Ephedra distachya Cultures

  • Song, Kyung-Sik;Sankawa, Ushio;Ebizuka, Yutaka
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.26-30
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    • 1994
  • Some ammonium oxalate soluble pectic fragments prepared from cultured cell wall of Ephycla distrahya elicited the accumulation of p-coumarocylamino acids (p-CAA) in E. distachya cultures while water soluble and alkali soluble fractions had no activity. Partial purification of the pectic fragments fraction using DEAE-cellulose chromatography afforded two active fractions (PS-I and PS-II) which were composed of mainly uronic acids (98-99 w/w %). They elicited the accumulation of p-CAA in an amount of 52-60 nmol per gram fresh weight of cultures. The acidic sugar compositions of PS-I and PS-II were found to be galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid by TLC analysis. They were supposed to act as endogenous elicitors of p-CAA accumulation. In order to investigate the effect of ethylene on p-CAA accumulation, Ethrel, which is known as ethylene generator, and ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), a direct precusor of ethylene biosynthesis, were added to the culture. However, they did not glycopeptide elicitor [(Con A-II)], either. Consequently, no relationships between ethylene and p-CAA accumulation were recognized. Several tentative elicitors were teted for their activity. Commercial yeast glucan, $CuCl_2$, laminarin and laminariheptaose had slight activity whereas ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside and commercial yeast mannan had no elicitor activity. ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside which has been known as a tentative inhibitor of glucan elicitor in Glycine max did not affect on the elicitor activity of Con A-II.

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단일 기관에서 소아 환자들의 임상검체로부터 분리된 Vancomycin 내성 장구균에 대한 임상적 고찰 (Clinical implications on vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from the specimen of pediatric patients in a university hospital)

  • 박여훈;김기주;김기환;전진경;이택진;김동수;박은숙
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.162-170
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    • 2007
  • 목 적 : Vancomycin 내성 장구균(이하 VRE)은 1980년대 후반 처음으로 보고된 이후 전세계적으로 그 빈도가 증가하고 있으나 소아 환자에 대한 체계적인 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 저자 등은 소아 환자의 VRE 감염 빈도 및 임상 검체에서 분리된 VRE 균주의 임상 양상과 VRE 감염의 위험인자 및 경과에 대해 조사하여 VRE 감염에 대한 적절한 대처 방안을 모색하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 연세의료원 세브란스병원에 입원한 15세 이하의 소아 환자에서 분리된 VRE 230주를 대상으로 후향적으로 자료를 분석하였다. 대상 환아는 ICU 환자군과 Non-ICU 환자군으로 분류하여 두 군간에 있어 VRE가 분리되기 전 처치형태 및 분리된 균주의 항균제 감수성을 조사하였다. 결 과 : ICU 환자군 및 수술이나 중재적 시술을 받았던 경우, 3세대 cephalosporin이나 glycopeptide등의 광범위 항생제를 투여했던 경우에서 VRE 분리 빈도가 높았으며 대부분의 경우 E. faecium이 분리되었다. 항균제 감수성 검사에서는 tetracycline을 제외한 항생제에 높은 내성을 지니고 있었으며 분리 전 3세대 cephalosporin의 투여 비율이 가장 높았다. 3세대 cephalosporin의 투여 비율은 계속 증가하는 추세이나 2006년에 들어서는 glycopeptide의 사용이 감소하였으며, 2006년에는 VRE가 분리된 환아 수가 감소하였으나 1998년부터 보았을 때 전체적으로는 증가 추세를 보였다. 결 론 : 소아의 경우에서도 VRE는 증가하고 있는 추세로 VRE 감염의 전파를 방지하기 위해서는 위험인자를 가진 환자군에 대한 적극적인 감시와 항균제 사용 제한이 필요하며 이미 분리된 환자에 있어서도 신중한 항생제 선택과 함께 지속적이고 적극적인 감염 관리가 중요할 것으로 사료된다.

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신생아 패혈증에서 발현시기에 따른 원인균 분석과 항생제 선택 (Analysis of causative microorganisms and choice of antibiotics according to the onset of neonatal sepsis)

  • 성준승;김동연;김선희;변형석;황태주;최영륜
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제49권6호
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    • pp.623-629
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    • 2006
  • 목 적 : 신생아 의료의 발전으로 신생아 사망률은 감소하였으나 여러 가지 침습적 시술의 증가로 신생아 패혈증의 발생은 줄어들지 않고 있으며, 아직도 신생아 이환과 사망의 상당한 비중을 차지하고 있다. 전남대학교병원 신생아중환자실에서 신생아 패혈증의 발생시기에 따른 흔한 원인균 및 항생제 감수성 결과를 분석하여 가장 적절한 항생제 선택의 지침을 정하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 1월 1일부터 2004년 12월 31일까지 전남대학교병원 신생아중환자실에 입원한 환아 중 혈액배양 검사에서 1회(피부 상재균인 경우 2회) 이상 동정된 경우는 89명이었다. 이 중 74명은 패혈증에서 회복된 후 재발하지 않았으며(74례), 12명은 임상증상 재출현과 함께 혈액배양 검사상 균이 1회 더 동정되었고(24례), 3명은 2회 더 동정되어(9례) 총 107례에 대한 입원기록지를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 재태연령, 출생체중, 성별, 주산기 위험인자와 임상증상, 원인균 및 항생제 감수성, 사망률 등을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 신생아 패혈증의 발생빈도는 1.7%였으며, 30주 미만, 출생체중 1,500 g 미만에서 빈발하였다(P<0.05). 조발형의 거의 대부분(92.9%) gram-양성균이 원인이었으나, 지발형에서는 약 2/3(67.4%)가 gram-양성균이고 나머지 1/3은 gram-음성균(20.0%)과 칸디다(12.6%)가 차지하였다. Gram-음성균과 칸디다 감염은 중심정맥 카테테르가 있는 경우에서 많았다. 항생제 감수성 검사상 gram-양성균은 vancomycin, teicoplanin, chloramphenicol 순이었고, gram-음성균은 ciprofloxacin, imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime 순이었다. 결 론 : 신생아 패혈증은 저출생체중 미숙아에서 흔하고, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Candida, S. aureus가 가장 흔한 원인균이었다. 항생제 감수성 검사상 1차 항생제 선택에 조발형은 3세대 cephalosporin 계열과 clindamycin, 지발형은 3세대 cephalosporin 계열과 glycopeptide 계열의 병용이 추천되며, 지발형에서 충분한 항생제 치료에도 반응이 없다면 칸디다 패혈증을 의심하고 예방적 항진균제 사용이 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.

소아 복막 투석 환자에서 발생한 복막염의 경험적 항생제 치료에 관한 연구 (Peritoneal Dialysis Associated Peritonitis and Empirical Antibiotics Therapy in Korean Children with Chronic Renal Failure)

  • 이상구;조중범;손영배;박성원;김수진;진동규;백경훈
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.213-220
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    • 2008
  • 목 적 : 최근 소아 복막염에서 methicillin에 대한 저항성을 갖는 균주가 증가하고 있어서 the International Pediatric Peritonitis Registry(IPPR) 가이드라인에 따른 초치료 경험적 약제의 선택의 효용성에 대해서 논란이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소아에서 발생한 복막염을 중심으로 ISPD 가이드라인을 따른 경험적 항균제 선택의 치료 효과적 유용성을 분석하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 7년간 삼성 서울 병원에서 복막 투석을 받은 경험이 있는 환자들을 대상으로 복막염을 일으킨 원인 균의 미생물학적 특성과 ISPD 가이드라인에 따라서 복막염을 치료 했을 때의 임상적 경과 등에 대해서 의무 기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과: 복막 투석을 받은 42명의 환자 중, 21명에서 48례의 복막염이 발생하였다. 복막염 발생율은 one episode over 35.3 patient-months였으며, 복막염 발생 전까지의 평균 투석 기간은 18.06$\pm$15.81개월이었다. 그람 양성균에 의한 복막염이 전체의 58.3%를 차지하였으며, 이중 S. aureus와 coagulase negative staphylococcus가 가장 많았다. 동정된 그람 양성균들 중 35.7%는 1세대 cephalosporin에 저항성을 보였으나 4세 이하의 환자에서는 50%가 저항성을 보였다. 그람 음성균 중에서는 E. coli가 가장 많았다. 동정된 모든 균들은 현재 사용중인 1세대 cephalosporin과 ceftazidime의 병합 요법에 64.8%가 감수성을 보였다. 결 론: 국내 소아 복막 투석 환자에서 발생한 복막염에서 경험적 항생제 초치료로 현재 사용중인 1세대 cephalosporin과 ceftazidime의 병합 요법은 여전히 효과적이다. 그러나 4세 미만의 환자에서는 경험적 항생제 초치료로 1세대 cephalosporin 대신 glycopeptide를 사용하는 것이 더 효과적일 것으로 생각된다.

Public Health Risks: Chemical and Antibiotic Residues - Review -

  • Lee, M.H.;Lee, H.J.;Ryu, P.D.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.402-413
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    • 2001
  • Food safety is a term broadly applied to food quality that may adversely affect human health. These include zoonotic diseases and acute and chronic effects of ingesting natural and human-made xenobiotics. There are two major areas of concern over the presence of residues of antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuffs with regard to human health. The first is allergic reactions. Some antibiotics, such as penicillins can evoke allergic reactions even though small amounts of them are ingested or exposed by parenteral routes. The second is development of antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria of human. Recently multi-resistant pneumococcal, glycopeptide-resistant enterococci and gram negative bacteria with extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamases have spread all over the world, and are now a serious therapeutic problem in human. Although it is evident that drugs are required in the efficient production of meat, milk and eggs, their indiscriminate use should never be substituted for hygienic management of farm. Drug should be used only when they are required. In addition to veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants that were contaminated in feed, water and air can make residues in animal products. Mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals derived from industries can be harmful both to animal and human health. Most of organic contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, and metals are persistent in environment and biological organisms and can be accumulated in fat and hard tissues. Some of them are suspected to have endocrine disrupting, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunodepressive and nervous effects. The governmental agencies concerned make efforts to prevent residue problems; approval of drugs including withdrawal times of each preparation of drugs, establishment of tolerances, guidelines regarding drug use and sanitation enforcement of livestock products. National residue program is conducted to audit the status of the chemical residues in foods. Recently HACCP has been introduced to promote food safety from farm to table by reducing hazardous biological, chemical and physical factors. Animal Production Food Safety Program, Quality Assurance Programs, Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank are para- or non-governmental activities ensuring food safety. This topic will cover classification and usage or sources of chemical residues, their adverse effects, and chemical residue status of some countries. Issues are expanded to residue detection methodologies, toxicological and pharmacokinetic backgrounds of MRL and withdrawal time establishments, and the importance of non-governmental activities with regard to reducing chemical residues in food.