• Title/Summary/Keyword: Glycol

Search Result 2,416, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Emulsion for Transdermal Delivery of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Physical Characteristics and In Vitro Skin Permeation Studies (글리시리직애씨드의 경피 전달을 위한 액정 에멀젼의 제조와 물리적 특성 및 In Vitro 피부투과 연구)

  • Jung, Jin Woo;Yoo, Cha Young;Park, Soo Nam
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
    • /
    • v.41 no.4
    • /
    • pp.315-324
    • /
    • 2015
  • In this study, we prepared liquid crystal emulsion composed of amphiphilic substance $C_{14-22}$ alcohol, $C_{12-20}$ alkyl glucoside, behenyl alcohol and studied liquid crystal emulsion of properties and in vitro skin permeation. The results of formulation experiments, the clear liquid crystalline structure was observed in the ratio of $C_{14-22}$ alcohol 0.8%, $C_{12-20}$ alkyl glucoside 3.2%, behenyl alcohol 4% in the formulation. The results of physical property measurements, the viscosity of liquid crystal emulsion and O/W emulsion applied as a control group was respectively $1871.26{\sim}1.15Pa{\cdot}s$, $1768.69{\sim}1.14Pa{\cdot}s$ and the shear stress of O/W emulsion was 178.68 ~ 909.18 Pa, that of liquid crystal emulsion was 190.45 ~ 919.38 Pa. The storage modulus of O/W emulsion was 3428.53 ~ 9157.45 Pa, that of liquid crystal emulsion was 4487.82 ~ 8195.59 Pa. The tan (delta) value of O/W emulsion which means a ratio of viscosity to elasticity was 0.43 ~ 0.19, and that of liquid crystal emulsion was 0.23 ~ 0.25. The water content value on the skin for liquid crystal emulsion was significantly higher from 1 h to 6 h compared with that of O/W emulsion and the transepidermal water loss on the skin was significantly superior in skin moisture loss suppression from 30 min to 4 h compared with that of O/W emulsion. The results of skin permeation using glycyrrhizic acid, the result of skin permeation amount of liquid crystal emulsion for 24 h was $64.58{\mu}g/cm^2$, that of O/W emulsion was $37.07{\mu}g/cm^2$, that of butylene glycol solution was $41.05{\mu}g/cm^2$. Hourly permeability results, it is showed that skin penetration effect of the liquid crystal emulsion increases after 8 h. These results suggest that liquid crystal emulsions are effective for skin moisturizing effect and function as potential efficacy ingredient delivery system for the transdermal delivery.

Breeding of new variety Pleurotus pulmonarius using protoplast fusion technique (원형질체융합 기법을 이용한 산느타리 계통육성)

  • Gwon, Hee-Min;Lee, Yun-Hae;Kim, Jeong-Han;Baek, Il-Sun;Kang, Hee-Wan;Choi, Jong-In
    • Journal of Mushroom
    • /
    • v.19 no.3
    • /
    • pp.166-175
    • /
    • 2021
  • In this study, monokaryons of "Heukari" (Pleurotus ostreatus) and "Hosan" (Pleurotus pulmonarius) were separated to remove the cell wall, and a cross-species protoplast fusion was developed through chemical treatment with polyethylene glycol. The protoplast-fused PF160306 and PF160313 strains have a culture period of 10 and 2 days shorter than that of the "Heuktari" and "Hosan" cultivars, respectively. Furthermore, the growth of the strains was faster than that of the existing cultivars. The yield was 135.9 g per bottle, which was approximately 8% higher than that of the commercially available "Hosan" cultivar; however, it was not statistically significant. A growth survey was conducted after treatment at five temperatures (15, 18, 21, 23, and 25℃). The growth of the strains accelerated with the increase in temperature. However, at 21℃, the yellow color of pileus was the brightest. Band pattern, assessed using URP Primer 7, was similar to that of the "Hosan" cultivar. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity and polyphenol content were 62.5% and 43.5 mg/mL, respectively, for "Sunjung" and 65.7% and 49.9 mg/mL, respectively, for PF160313. Furthermore, the antihypertensive activities of the "Sunjung" cultivar and PF160313 were similarly high at 74% and 75%, respectively. In conclusion, cross-species hybridization via the protoplast fusion technique can be used for obtaining primary data for mushroom breeding to develop new varieties. In addition, the protoplast fusion technique might aid in expanding the market for yellow mushrooms.

Cryopreservation of Bovine IVM/IVF/IVC Hatched Blastocysts (체외생산된 소 완전탈출 배반포기배의 동결보존)

  • Lee, K.S.;Kim, E.Y.;Yi, B.K.;Nam, H.K.;Yoon, S.H.;Park, S.P.;Lim, J.H.
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.141-148
    • /
    • 1999
  • This study was to test whether the viability of bovine hatched blastocysts (HBs) can be maintained after vitrification and thawing. The HBs were produced in vitro at Day 9 and Day 10 after IVF, and they were classified to small (S-HBs; ø$\leq$300 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and large(L-HBs; ø>300 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) on the basis of embryo diameter using eyepiece micrometer. As freezing solution, we used EFS35 which consisted of 35% ethylene glycol (EG), 18% ficoll, 0.3 M sucrose and 10% FBS added in mDPBS. Vitrification was taken by two-step method, the HBs were equilibrated in 10% EG for 5 minutes and then shortly exposed in EFS35 and plunged into L$N_2$for 30~45 sec. After thawing, the survival rates were assessed by the re-expansion of the blastocoel during 2 h and 16 h of culture. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows; 1) When the blastocysts(40.8%) recovered at Day 8 after IVF were further cultured for 24 h(Day 9 after IVF) and 48 h(Day 10 after IVF), the rates of HBs were 20.5% and 6.7%, respectively. Also, the total cell number of HBs on Day 9 was significantly higher than that of HBs on Day 10 (p<0.01). 2) When the effects of freezing solution to the survival of Day 9 L-HBs were examined, the rate of vitrified group (75.7%) was significantly lower than 100% of control and exposed group(p<0.05). 3) When the survival rates of vitrified HBs according to size and developmental age were examined, the data of L-HBs (75.5%) and S-HBs(63.6%) on Day 9 were slightly higher than those of L-HBs(64.3%) and S-HBs(60.7%) on Day 10. 4) Also, when the in vitro survival of Day 9 HBs was evaluated under different culture condition after thawing, the result in culture medium only (79.3%) was significantly higher than 43.2% in co-culture group (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that bovine HBs can be successfully cryopreserved by two-step vitrification method using EFS35.

  • PDF

Establishment of Bovine Ovum Bank : I. Full Term Development of Vitrified In Vitro Matured Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) Oocytes by Minimum Volume Cooling (UC) Method (소 난자 은행 설립 : I. MVC 방법으로 초자화 동결된 한우 미성숙 난자의 개체 발생능 조사)

  • Kim, E.Y.;Kim, D.I.;Rhee, M.G.;Weon, Y.S.;Nam, H.K.;Lee, K.S.;Park, S.Y.;Park, E.M.;Yoon, J.Y.;Heo, Y.T.;Cho, H.J.;Park, S.P.;Chung, K.S.;Lim, J.H.
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
    • /
    • v.25 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-7
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study was to test whether in vitro matured Hanwoo oocytes can be successfully cryopreserved by a new vitrification procedure using MVC method. For the vitrification, oocytes were pretreated in 10% ethylene glycol (EG10) for 5~10 min, exposed in EG30 for 30 sec, each oocyte was individually put on the inner wall of 0.25 $m\ell$ straw, and then straws were directly plunged into L$N_2$. Thawing was taken by 4-step procedures 〔1.0 M sucrose (MS), 0.5 MS, 0.25 MS, and 0.125 MS〕 at 37$^{\circ}C$. In vitro developmental capacity (survival, cleavage ($\geq$2-cell) and blastocyst rates) in vitrified group was no significant difference compared to that in other treatment groups (exposed; 100.0, 74.4, 32.3% and control; 100.0, 78.3, 36.3%): high mean percentage of oocytes (91.2%) was survived, 69.4% of them were cleaved and 27.9% of cleaved embryos were developed to blastocyst. Especially, after transfer of in vitro developed embryos in vitrified group, four of six recipient animals were pregnant and three of them were ongoing-pregnant by manual palpation at 250 days after transfer. This result demonstrates that MVC method is very appropriate freezing method for the Hanwoo in vitro matured oocytes and that ovum bank can be maintained efficiently by MVC cryopreservation method.

  • PDF

The acute toxicity and efficacy evaluation against Aeromonas salmonicida of aquatic drugs oxolinic acid, neomycin-oxytetracycline, and florfenicol in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) (구피(Poecilia reticulata)에서 수산용의약품 oxolinic acid, neomycin-oxytetracycline, florfenicol의 급성독성 및 Aeromonas salmonicida에 대한 약효 평가)

  • Jun Sung Bae;Chae Won Lee;Chan Yeong Yang;Eun Ha Jeong;Areum Kim;Young-Sik Chae;Jung-Jin Park;Kwan Ha Park
    • Journal of fish pathology
    • /
    • v.36 no.2
    • /
    • pp.293-302
    • /
    • 2023
  • This study evaluated the acute toxicity induced by oxolinic acid (OA), neomycin-oxytetracycline combination (NEO-OTC) and florfenicol (FF) administered to guppy (Poecilia reticulata) by comparing standard formulations with commercial preparations (COOaqua curinpotion, COOaqua terafinpotion and COOaqua profenpotion, respectively) for ornamental fish at concentrations of 2-4%. NEO-OTC exhibited the highest acute toxicity in guppy, with no difference observed between the pstandard formulation and commercial preparation (LC50 = 126.08 mg/L and 112.44 mg/L, respectively). OA acute toxicity was assessed in the form of sodium salt, with an LC50 of 504.61 mg/L for the standard formulation and a slightly increased toxicity of 316.11 mg/L for the commercial preparation. In contrast, no mortality was observed during the 96-hour exposure period with the standard formulation in the form of oxolinic acid. The acute toxicity of FF was measured to be above 1,000 mg/L for the standard formulation; however, the commercial preparation significantly increased to 158.53 mg/L. These results indicate that toxicity can significantly increase in commercial formulations, especially those with low levels of active ingredients. This is presumed to be attributed to the organic solvents or solubilizing agents present in the commercial preparations, which may enhance toxicity. Additionally, guppy infected with Aeromonas salmonicida were effectively protected against mortality by administering OA, NEO-OTC and FF at concentrations of 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 15 mg/L, respectively, for 2 hours and at half the dose for 24 hours. This result indicates that liquid formulations containing low concentrations of antibiotics may partially increase toxicity, but there is no problem in effectively treating diseases in ornamental fish.

Effects of Boliing, Steaming, and Chemical Treatment on Solid Wood Bending of Quercus acutissima Carr. and Pinus densiflora S. et. Z. (자비(煮沸), 증자(蒸煮) 및 약제처리(藥劑處理)가 상수리나무와 소나무의 휨가공성(加工性)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • So, Won-Tek
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.19-62
    • /
    • 1985
  • This study was performed to investigate: (i) the bending processing properties of silk worm oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) and Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) by boiling and steaming treatments; (ii) the effects of interrelated factors - sapwood and heartwood, annual ring placement, softening temperature and time, moisture content. and wood defects on bending processing properties; (iii) the changing rates of bending radii after release from a tension strap, and (iv) the improving methods of bending process by treatment with chemicals. The size of specimens tested was $15{\times}15{\times}350mm$ for boiling and steaming treatments and $5{\times}10{\times}200mm$ for treatments with chemicals. The specimens were green for boiling treatments and dried to 15 percent for steaming treatments. The specimens for treatments with chemicals were soaked in saturated urea solution, 35 percent formaldehyde solution, 25 percent polyethylene glycol -400 solution, and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution for 5 days and immediately followed the bending process, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The internal temperature of silk worm oak and Korean red pine by boiling and steaming time was raised slowly to $30^{\circ}C$ but rapidly from $30^{\circ}C$ to $80-90^{\circ}C$ and then slowly from $80-90^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. 2. The softening time required to the final temperature was directly proportional to the thickness of specimen. The time required from $25^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ for 15mm-squared specimen was 9.6-11.2 minutes in silk worm oak and 7.6-8.1 minutes in Korean red pine. 3. The moisture content (M.C.) of specimen by steaming time was increased rapidly first 4 minutes in the both species, and moderately from 4 to 20 minutes and then slowly and constantly in silk worm oak, and moderately from 4 to 15 minutes and then slowly and constantly in Korean red pine. The M.C. of 15mm-squared specimen in 50 minutes of steaming was increased to 18.0 percent in the oak and 22.4 percent in the pine from the initial conditioned M.C. of 15 percent The rate of moisture adsorption measured was therefore faster in the pine than in the oak. 4. The mechanical properties of the both species were decreased significantly with the increase of boiling rime. The decrement by the boiling treatment for 60 minutes was measured to 36.6-45.0 percent in compressive strength, 12.5-17.5 percent in tensile strength, 31.6-40.9 percent in modulus of rupture, and 23.3-34.6 percent in modulus of elasticity. 5. The minimum bending radius (M.B.R.) of sapwood and heartwood was 60-80 mm and 90 mm in silk worm oak, and 260 - 300 mm and 280 - 300 mm in Korean red pine, respectively. Therefore, the both species showed better bending processing properties in sapwood than in heartwood. 6. The M.B.R. of edge-grained and flat-grained specimen in suk worm oak was 60-80 mm, but the M.B.R. in Korean red pine was 240-280 mm and 260-360 mm, respectively. Comparing the M.B.R. of edge-grained with flat-grained specimen, in the pine the edge-grained showed better bending processing property than the flat-grained. 7. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the rising of softening temperature from $40^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. The minimum softening temperature for bending was $90^{\circ}C$ in silk worm oak and $80^{\circ}C$ in Korean red pine, and the dependency of softening temperature for bending was therefore higher in the oak than in the pine. 8. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the increase of softening time as well as temperature, but even after the internal temperature of specimen reaching to the final temperature, somewhat prolonged softening was required to obtain the best plastic conditions. The minimum softening time for bending of 15 mm-squared silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen was 15 and 10 minutes in the boiling treatment, and 30 and 20 minutes in the steaming treatment, respectively. 9. The optimum M.C. for bending of silk worm oak was 20 percent, and the M.C. above fiber saturation point rather degraded the bending processing property, whereas the optimum M.C. of Korean red pine needed to be above 30 percent. 10. The bending works in the optimum conditions obtained as seen in Table 24 showed that the M.B.R. of silk worm oak and Korean red pine was 80 mm and 240 mm in the boiling treatment, and 50 mm and 280 mm in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing property of the oak was better in the steaming than in the boiling treatment, but that of the pine better in the boiling than in the steaming treatment. 11. In the bending without a tension strap, the radio r/t of the minimum bending radius t to the thickness t of silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen amounted to 16.0 and 21.3 in the boiling treatment, and 17.3 and 24.0 in the steaming treatment, respectively. But in the bending with a tension strap, the r/t of the oak and the pine specimen decreased to 5.3 and 16.0 in t he boiling treatment, and 3.3 and 18.7 in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing properties of the both species were significantly improved by the strap. 12. The effect of pin knot on the degradation of bending processing property was very severe in silk worm oak by side, e.g. 90 percent of the oak specimens with pin knot on the concave side were ruptured when bent to a 100 mm radius but only 10 percent of the other specimens with pin knot on the convex side were ruptured. 13. The changing rate in the bending radius of specimen bent to a 300 mm radius after 30 days of exposure to room temperature conditions was measured to 4.0-10.3 percent in the boiling treatment and 13,0-15.0 percent in the steaming treatment. Therefore, the degree of spring back after release was higher in the steaming than in the boiling treatment. And the changing rate of moisture-proofing treated specimen by expoxy resin coating was only -1.0.0 percent. 14. Formaldehyde, 35 percent solution, and 25 percent polyethylene glycol-400 solution found no effect on the plasticization of the both species, but saturated urea solution and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution found significant effect in comparison to non-treated specimen. But the effect of the treatment with chemicals alone was inferior to that of the steaming treatment, and the steaming treatment after the treatment with chemicals improved 10-24 percent over the bending processing property of steam-bent specimen. 15. Three plasticity coefficients - load-strain coefficient, strain coefficient, and energy coefficient - were evaluated to be appropriate for the index of bending processing property because the coefficients had highly significant correlation with the bending radius. The fitness of the coefficients as the index was good at load-strain coefficient, energy coefficient, and strain coefficient, in order.

  • PDF