• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.261-262
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• 2001

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.461-467
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• 2015

This paper reports the combined effects of the triblock copolymer surfactant poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG) and imidazole on the opto-electrical and mechanical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based thin films prepared via vapor phase polymerization (VPP) using ferric p-toluenesulfonate as a catalyst. Various PEDOT-based thin films were synthesized using PEG-PPG-PEG and imidazole alone and in combination to compare and correlate their effects on film properties. The improved conductivity of the PEDOT films was higher than $1300S{\cdot}cm^{-1}$ when the surfactant and imidazole were used together. The PEG-PPG-PEG chain length was also varied to identify the best conditions for the VPP-based preparation of PEDOT thin films.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.377-381
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• 1994

New bis-crown ethers containing siloxane chain were synthesized. 1,3-Bis(trimethylsiloxy)-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-dipentaoxacyclohexadecamethyl disiloxane (1) was synthesized by reaction of 3-methylene-16-crown-5 (8) with 1,3-bis(trimethylsiloxy)-1,3-dimethyl disiloxane (10) in the presence of Pt catalyst. 1,1,3,3,5,5-Hexamethyl-1,5-dipentaoxacyclohexadecamethyl trisiloxane (2) was synthesized by the reaction of crown ether (8) with 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl trisiloxane (11) in the presence of Pt catalyst. 3-Methylene-13-crown-4 (7), 3-methylene-16-crown-5 (8), and 3-methylene-19-crown-6 (9) were synthesized by the reaction of triethylene glycol (3), tetraethylene glycol (4), and pentaethylene glycol (5) respectively with 3-chloro-2-chloro-methyl-1-propene (6) in the presence of NaH.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.112-124
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to provide the data for composition of ethylene glycol ethers and 2-ethoxyethyl acetate(EEA) exposure assessment of workers in various industrial operations. In this study, 80 thinners were analyzed to identify their composition and the air concentration of 2-ethoxyethyl acetate(EEA) and urinary 2-ethoxyacetic acid(EAA) were measured. In this study the subjects were the total of 183 drawn from 98 workers who were occupationally exposed to EEA and 85 workers who were not. The results were as follows: 1. There were found average 4.2 components in each thinner. 2. There were 90 components(26.9%) in ethylene glycol ethers of total of 334 detected organic solvents 3. Ethoxyethyl acetate, ethoxyethanol, buthoxyethanol, methoxy-ethanol were found in 30(37.5%), 27(33.8%), 19(23.8%), 2thinners(2.5%), respectively and their contents were average 18.5%. 4. Benzene was found 8 thinners(10.0%) of the total 80 surveyed. 5. In the electronic painting workers EEA exposure concentration was the highest, as showed 2.88ppm(0.01~15.1ppm), cases of exceeded threshold limit value(TLV=5ppm) were 7(10.6%) workers among the total of 98 exposed workers. 6. The geometric mean of urinary EEA in exposed workers was 1.61 mg/gcreatinine, and was higher than that of workers who were not exposed. In the electronic painting workers and offset printers, the geometric mean of urinary EAA was the highest showing 2.8 mg/gcreatinine. 7. The correlation coefficient between urinary concentration of EAA and air concentration of EEA was 0.90(P<0.05). The present results suggest that composition of ethylene glycol ethers in thinners must be evaluated when industrial hygiene surveys and biological monitoring are performed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.12
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• pp.53-56
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• 1969

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of alcohols and carbohyrates upon heat resistance of the amylase produced by Bacillus subtilis var. M-181. The results obtained are as follows: 1) Alcohols showed the effects of increasing heat resistance in the order of glycerin, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, ethanol and methanol, while higher monohydroxy alcohol and dipropylene glycol affected reversely. 2) Inositol affected on heat resistance of the amlase better than sugar alcohols which effects were in the order of mannitol, dulcitol and sorbitol. 3) Monosaccharides affected on heat resistance of the amylase in the order of mannose, galactose, xylose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and fructose. 4) Among oligosaccharides, the effects of increasing heat resistance were recognized in the order of melibiose, lactose, maltose and sucrose. 5) Polysaccharides showed the effects of increasing heat resistance in the order of glycogen, soluble starch and dextrin, while the effects of inulin were not recognized.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.524-530
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• 2004

Polystyrene particles (PS) with poly(ethylene glycol) units on surface were formed by an emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization using styrene, poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEG-MMA) or poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-diMMA) at pH 7, and followed by freeze-drying to give the corresponding powders. The structures of PS particles were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, and the particle size and distribution the PS particle were observed by scanning electron microscopy and particle analyzer. Monodisperse polymer particles were obtained at a concentration of PEG-MMA 2∼5 mol% or PEG-diMMA 1 mol% relative to styrene. The highest zeta potential of polymer surface was measured to be 183 mV at a polymer of PEG-MMA 5 mol%, which was measured in dielectric medium by means of ELS-8000 dynamic light scattering.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.418-422
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• 2000

The tensile properties and color of fish meal film under various processing conditions were measured to obtain basic data for biodegradable Alaska Pollack meal protein isolate (APMPI) film. The tensile strength and the elongation of APMPI film were increased with casting volume of APMPI solution but those of APMPI film were weakened with the addition of glycerol amount as well as reduction of pH values. In case of adding various plasticizer, the tensile strength of film was increased in order as follows: sorbitol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol. The elongation was increased in order of polyethylene glycol, sorbitol and glycerol. The tensile strength of film increased with increment of APMPI concentration, but the elongation of film was not affected by APMPI concentration. The tensile strength of APMPI film was decreased with the increment of relative humidity but its elongation was increased with the increment of relative humidity, Not only lightness and yellowness of film added with sorbitol but also redness and total different color of film added with polyethylene glycol showed the highest value in Hunter color system.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 2013

In this study, sebacic acid made from castor oil was used as monomer with isophthalic acid and glycols for polyester polyol synthesis. Polyurethane adhesive was synthesized from the various polyester polyol. From the result of adhesion strength test, polyester polyol made from sebacic acid showed better adhesive force than that of adipic acid due to higher cohesive energy. Branched glycol containing methyl group represented better adhesion than linear glycol. In the chain extender, adhesion strength increased going from PG, EG, BD. From the measurement of TGA, BD showed the best heat stability, and followed by PG, EG. Glass transition temperature increased in the order PG, EG, BD by the result of DMA.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.752-756
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• 2007

Purpose : The aim of this study was to compare 2 laxatives, namely, polyethylene glycol 4000 without electrolytes and lactulose, evaluating the efficacy and safety for the treatment of constipation in children. Methods : Fifty-six children with chronic functional constipation were randomly assigned to receive polyethylene glycol 4000 (24 patients) or lactulose (32 patients). Patients or their parents reported defecation frequency, stool consistency, abdominal pain, stool incontinence and side effects after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Percentage of recovered patients were compared with each group. Results : Defecation frequency, abdominal pain and stool incontinence were improved in each group. At 12 months of follow up, 60% of patients treated with polyethylene glycol and 57.7% of patients treated with lactulose were considered as recovered. Conclusion : In this study, both polyethylene glycol and lactulose were equally effective and safe in the long-term treatment of constipation in children. There were no significant differences in recovery rates between 2 groups.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.879-883
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• 2006

To develop a $^{13}C-urea-containing$ capsule for more economic and sensitive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, the $^{13}C-urea-containing$ capsules were prepared with various additives such as polyethylene glycol, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. Their dissolution test and $^{13}C-urea$ Breath Test in human volunteers were then performed. Polyethylene glycol increased the initial dissolution rates of urea and difference ${\sigma}$ $^{13}C$ values from $^{13}C-urea$, while microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate decreased them. Irrespective of addition of citric acid, the compositions with polyethylene glycol showed higher values from $^{13}C-urea$ compared to a commercial 76 mg $^{13}C-urea-containing$ capsule due to higher initial dissolution rate. The capsules with 38 mg $^{13}C-urea$ and 1.9 mg polyethylene glycol, which showed higher Helicobacter pylori-positive value of about $8{\textperthousand}$ at 10 min, improved the sensitivity of $^{13}C-urea$ in human volunteers. Thus, the $^{13}C-urea-containing$ capsule with polyethylene glycol would be a more economical and sensitive preparation for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.