• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2006

We investigated antioxidant capacity in leaves of 14 coniferous trees under field conditions. We focused on understanding the species characteristics on antioxidant systems and screening the coniferous tree species with the best antioxidant systems using their characteristics. The antioxidant capacity of 14 coniferous trees was divided into three groups. First group was Thuja orientalis and Chamaecyparis obtusa and those species had the highest content of ${\beta}$-carotene and xanthophyll. Second group, C. obtusa and Juniperus chinensis, used antioxidant enzymes to mitigate stress. C. obtusa represented high activity at superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and peroxidase (POD), and J. chinensis exhibited high activity at SOD, POD, catalase (CAT). Third group employed antioxidant such as ascorbic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The antioxidant content of T. orientalis was the highest while that of Pinus parviflora and C. obtusa were the lowest. Few species belonged in three groups simultaneously, and most species belonged in at least one or two groups. In summary, we proposed that C. obtusa and T. orientalis had the highest antioxidant capacity while P. parviflora and P. desiflora for. multicalus had the lowest antioxidant capacity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.609-617
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• 2015

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), an obligatory two-electron reductase, is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of quinone substrates. The NQO1- mediated two-electron reduction of quinones can be either chemoprotection/detoxification or a chemotherapeutic response, depending on the target quinones. When toxic quinones are reduced by NQO1, they are conjugated with glutathione or glucuronic acid and excreted from the cells. Based on this protective effect of NQO1, the use of dietary compounds to induce the expression of NQO1 has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer prevention. On the other hand, NQO1-mediated two-electron reduction converts certain quinone compounds (such as mitomycin C, E09, RH1 and β-lapachone) to cytotoxic agents, leading to cell death. It has been known that NQO1 is expressed at high levels in numerous human cancers, including breast, colon, cervix, lung, and pancreas, as compared with normal tissues. This implies that tumors can be preferentially damaged relative to normal tissue by cytotoxic quinone drugs. Importantly, NQO1 has been shown to stabilize many proteins, including p53 and p33ING1b, by inhibiting their proteasomal degradation. This review will summarize the biological roles of NQO1 in cancer, with emphasis on recent findings and the potential of NQO1 as a therapeutic target for the cancer therapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1438-1443
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• 2007

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ligustrum lucidum (LL) and Schisandra chinensis (SC) on the growth, antioxidative metabolism and immunity of laying strain male chicks. The results showed that diets supplemented with 1% of either LL or SC had no effects on the growth performance of chicks compared with the control. Furthermore, both LL and SC significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of serum and heart of chicks (p<0.05). In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of serum of the birds was significantly elevated by supplementation with SC (p<0.05). Glutathione reductase (GR) activity of heart and serum of the birds was significantly elevated by supplementation with LL or SC (p<0.05). LL supplementation significantly elevated antibody values against Newcastle Disease virus (NDV)(p<0.05) and lymphoblastogenesis (p<0.05) of the birds. The results suggest that diets supplemented with 1% of either LL or SC may improve immune function and antioxidant status of chicks.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

The effects of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius and cadmium (Cd) on physiological properties and Cd uptake by Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Cd treatment decreased the photosynthetic rate ($P_N$) of both non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants (16.3%) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants (11.5%). In addition, the reduction in total dry weight by Cd treatment was greater in ECM plants (24.3%) than that in NM plants (17.6%). Mycorrhizal infection increased the $P_N$ and transpiration rate in both control and Cd-treated plants. Cd treatment increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased glutathione reductase activity, and the increase of SOD activity by Cd treatment was greater in NM plants (40.3%) than that in ECM plants (3.7%). Thiol content increased in both NM and ECM plants treated with Cd solution, and the increase in thiol content in NM plants (43.9%) was greater than that of ECM plants (15.6%). Cd uptake in the leaves, stems, and roots of ECM plants was 69.9%, 167.2% and 72.8%, respectively, higher than in the NM plants. However, the increase in Cd uptake ability of ECM plants resulted in a reduction in dry weight.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.572-577
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• 1998

A soluble protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides protection against a thiol-containing oxidation system but not against an oxidation system without thiol. This 25-kDa protein acts as a peroxidase but requires the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin system or a thiol-containing intermediate, and was thus named thioredoxin peroxidase. The protective role of thioredoxin peroxidase against ionizing radiation, which generates reactive oxygen species harmful tocellular function, was investigated in wild-type and mutant yeast strains in which the tsa gene encoding thioredoxin peroxidase was disrupted by homologous recombination. Upon exposure to ionizing radiation, there was a distinct difference between these two strains in regard to viability and the level of protein carbonyl content, which is the indicative marker of oxidative damage to protein. Activities of other antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase were increased at 200-600 Gy of irradiation in wild-type cells. However, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were not significantly changed by ionizing radiation in thioredoxin peroxidase-deficient mutant cells. These results suggest that thioredoxin peroxidase acts as an antioxidant enzyme in cellular defense against ionizing radiation through the removal of reactive oxygen species as well as in the protection of antioxidant enzymes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2012

Stamens of Mesua ferrea L. are a well-known herbal drug used in Indian System of Traditional Medicine to treat various diseases. The claimed activity of this plant part is necessitated to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Authenticated plant sample was extracted with hexane, ethanol (EtOH) and water (aq.) using ASE 100 accelerated solvent extractor. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by means of different in vitro assays. Hepatoprotective effect was investigated on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver slice culture model. Cytotoxic marker lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in culture medium and the activity of lipid peroxidation along with antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were estimated. Hexane and EtOH extracts were significantly inhibited DPPH, NO, SOD and $ABTS^+$ radical in dose dependent manner. The trade of phenol content was: aq. extract < hexane extract < EtOH extract. A significant correlation was shown by total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of extracts. The culture system treated with hexane extract, EtOH extract or ascorbic acid exhibited significant depletion in LDH, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. Hexane extract and EtOH extracts of stamen of M. ferrea protected liver slice culture cells by alleviating oxidative stress induced damage to liver cells.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2004

서울시내의 대기오염이 식물에 미치는 영향과 대기오염의 해독 메카니즘을 규명하기 위해서 서울시의 대기오염이 높은 종로지역의 은행나무 가로수와 대기오염농도가 약간 낮은 양재동의 은행나무를 선정하였다. 은행나무 각 개체를 대상으로 엽록소함량, 광합성능력, 항산화효소의 활성을 분석하였다. 양재동의 은행나무가 엽록소함량, 광합성능력이 종로지역의 은행나무보다 높은 것으로 나타났고 항산화 효소인 APX와 GR의 활성은 종로지역의 가로수에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 종로지역의 은행나무가 대기오염이 심한 환경에서 항산화를 극복하기 위해서 항산화 효소의 활성을 높이는 것으로 짐작된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2023

To understand antioxidant enzyme response of two contrasting Arundinella hirta ecotypes to drought stress, drought-tolerant Youngduk and drought-sensitive Jinju-1, were comparatively analyzed changes in the enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR). Two ecotypes, drought-tolerant Youngduk and drought-sensitive Jinju-1 were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 12 days. ROS accumulation level and electrolytic leakage were significantly increased in both A. hirta ecotypes by drought stress treatment but less in Youngduk than Jinju-1. The RWC significantly decreased in both the drought stress-treated ecotypes as compared to control, but less in Youngduk than Jinju-1. Soluble sugar and protein content were increased more in drought stress-treated Youngduk as compared to Jinju-1. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POD, APX, and GR increased significantly in both the drought stress-treated ecotypes Youngduk and Jinju-1 as compared to control. The increase in antioxidant enzyme activity level was more prominent in drought stress-treated Youngduk as compared to Jinju-1. Taken together, these results suggest that Youngduk was more tolerant to drought stress than Jinju-1, and seem to indicate that tolerance of A. hirta to drought stress is associated with increased activity of antioxidant enzymes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.840-846
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• 2002

염생 식물인 함초의 기능성을 규명하기 위하여 S.D.계 백서에 당뇨를 유도시킨 후 5% 함초 분말 식이로 5주간 실험 사육한 후 혈청지질ㆍ혈당농도와 주요장기의 당 대사 및 항산화 효소의 활성 변화활성을 측정하여 함초의 섭취가 당질ㆍ지질대사 및 항산화 효소계에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 당뇨군에서 함초의 섭취는 식이효율을 증가시켜, 당뇨에 의해 나타나는 체중감소현상을 억제하여 당뇨의 증세를 완화시켰다. 또한 함초의 섭취는 혈당강하효과 및 혈청 총 지질과 중성지방 저하효과를 보였다. 따라서 함초의 섭취는 당뇨쥐의 섭취는 당뇨쥐의 지질상승억제 및 혈당 저하 효과로 항당뇨 효능을 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 당뇨합병증의 발생기전을 항산화효소와 관련시켜 연구하고자, 간과 시장의 항산화관련 인자를 측정한 결과, 당뇨에 의해 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 또 GR의 활성도는 함초 당뇨군(DH)의 간조직에서는 증가하였으나 신장에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 함초 섭취가 고혈당 및 고지혈증을 억제하고 당뇨로 인한 항산화 효소 활성변화를 정상으로 회복시킴을 밝혀 함초를 활용한 건강식품개발 위한 가능성을 제시하는 바이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2013

본 연구는 4주간 비타민나무잎을 식이에 보충하여 streptozotocin 당뇨흰쥐 간장의 cytosol에서 항산화효소 수준을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 간장의 MDA 수준이 비타민나무잎 10% 첨가군에서는 정상실험군에서 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였고, 당뇨실험군에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. SOD 수준은 정상실험군에서는 정상대조군에 비해 비타민나무잎 20% 첨가군에서 유의적으로 높은 수준이었고 당뇨실험군에서는 당뇨대조군보다 높아지는 경향이었으나 유의성은 검증되지 않았다. CAT 수준은 정상실험군에서는 비타민나무잎 첨가 시 정상대조군에 비해 유의성이 검증되었고 비타민나무잎 10% 첨가군에서 높은 수준이었다. 당뇨실험군에서는 당뇨대조군에 비해 비타민나무잎 10% 첨가군에서 유의적으로 낮은 수준으로 비타민나무잎 보충정도에 따른 수준 차이를 보였다. GPX 수준은 정상대조군과 당뇨대조군 사이에는 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 정상실험군에서는 비타민나무잎 첨가 비율이 높은 20% 첨가군에서 유의적으로 수준이 높았으며 당뇨실험군에서는 당뇨대조군에 비해 모든 비타민나무잎 분말 첨가군에서 유의적으로 높은 수준이었다. GR의 수준은 각각의 실험군 사이에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 생체내 유리기를 제거해주는 효소적 방어계인 GST 수준은 정상실험군에서는 비타민나무잎 10% 첨가군보다 20% 첨가군에서 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었고, 당뇨실험군에서는 당뇨대조군에 비해 모든 비타민나무잎 첨가군에서 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었다. 간장의 cytosol에서 생체 내 유리기 생성계의 하나인 XOD 수준은 정상실험군에서는 정상대조군에 비해 비타민나무잎 20% 첨가군에서 유의적으로 높은 수준이었고, 당뇨실험군에서는 당뇨대조군에 비해 비타민나무잎 첨가군 모두에서 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. 이상의 연구결과 비타민나무잎 분말을 식이로 첨가하였을 때 당뇨흰쥐 간장의 SOD 수준은 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, GPX 수준은 유의적으로 증가하였고 XOD 수준은 유의적으로 낮은 수준임을 확인할 수 있었다.