• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different intensity of aerobic exercise for four weeks on cardiovascular risk factors, reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in old mice. Methods: Eighteen male C57BL/6 mice age 18 months were randomly classified into the control group (n= 6), the moderate intensity exercise group (n= 6), and the low intensity exercise group (n= 6). The training groups performed the aerobic exercise twice daily for 20 minutes, five days weekly for four weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Chi-square test, and the Tukey's test with the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. Results: In this study, among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, blood sugar (BS) (p= .023) and total cholesterol (TC) (p= .001) were significantly different between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Additionally, there were significant differences in the reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) (p= .001), the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< .001) and glutathione reductase (GR) (p= .015) between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Conclusion: This finding suggests that moderate intensity aerobic exercise promotes the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lowers cardiovascular risk factors in older mice.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.420-426
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• 1995

This study was conducted to compare the effects of n-6 linoleic acid and n-3 linolenic acid on lipid peroxidation and the activities of enzymes defending against oxidation, which are involved in the tumor promotion, and histolOgical changes of hepatocarcinogen treated rat liver. In this study, weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets, containing 15% (w/w) of beef fat (BF), com oil (CO) or perilla oil (PO), for 11 weeks. During the 3rd week, experimental groups were injected with 2-AAF (50 mg/kg of BW) intraperitoneally 3 times. Findings show that the com oil diet group has greater liver MDA content than the beef fat and perilla oil diet groups. Also, it is observed that the perilla oil diet group has lower MDA content than beef fat and com oil diet groups, even though perilla oil is more desaturated than beef fat and com oil. In terms of activity, mixed-function oxidase activity is not Significantly affected by the different dietary fats and 2-AAF treatment. GSH-peroxidase, GSH-reductase and GSH-Stransferase activities are significantly higher in the CO+AAF group than those of the other groups. GST and GSH-Px are activated by 2-AAF treatment in the com oil diet group only. The hepatocytes of the BF+AAF group were the most severely degenerated, the second was the CO+AAF group and the least was the PO+AAF group. It was also found that dietary com oil increased lipid peroxidation and activated defense enzymes against oxidation in liver, but dietary perilla oil did not, or supressed defense enzymes. Therefore it is concluded that dietary n-3 linolenic acid in perilla oil inhibits lipid peroxidation and carcinoenesis in rat liver following 2-AAF treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2017

Etoricoxib features antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties concomitantly, suggesting that it may be beneficial in testicular ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage. Our aim is to investigate the effects of etoricoxib on testicular I/R damage induced with torsion-detorsion (TD). The etoricoxib + torsion-detorsion (ETD) groups of animals were given etoricoxib in 50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight (ETD-50 and ETD-100), while the testes torsion-detorsion (TTD) and sham operation rat group (SOG) animals were given single oral doses of distilled water as a solvent. TTD, ETD-50 and ETD-100 groups were subjected to $720^{\circ}$ degrees torsion for four hours, and detorsion for four hours. The SOG group was not subjected to this procedure. Biochemical, gene expression and histopathological analyses were carried out on the testicular tissues. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) were significantly higher, and the levels of total glutathione (tGSH) and glutathione reductase (GSHRd) were significantly lower in the TTD group, compared to the ETD-50, ETD-100 and SOG groups. Etoricoxib at a dose of 100 mg/kg better prevented I/R damage than the 50 mg/kg dose. Etoricoxib may be useful in clinical practice in the reduction of I/R damage on testes caused by torsion-detorsion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1543-1551
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• 2020

Panax ginseng has a wide range of activities including a neuroprotective effect, skin protective effects, enhanced DNA repairing, anti-diabetic activity, and protective effects against vascular inflammation. In the present study, we sought to discover the inhibitory effects of a mixture of natural products containing Panax ginseng, Ziziphus jujube, Rubi fructus, Artemisiae asiaticae and Scutellaria baicalensis (PZRAS) on osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling, as neither the effects of a mixture containing Panax ginseng extract, nor its molecular mechanism on bone inflammation, have been clarified yet. PZRAS upregulated the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH-R) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, treatment with PZRAS decreased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. PZRAS also inhibited osteoclast differentiation through inhibiting osteoclastspecific genes like MMP-2, 9, cathepsin K, and TRAP in RANKL-treated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, PZRAS has inhibitory functions on the RANKL-stimulated activation of ERK and JNK, which lead to a decrease in the expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos. In an in vivo study, bone resorption induced by LPS was recovered by treatment with PZRAS in bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) compared to control. Furthermore, the ratio of eroded bone surface of femurs was significantly increased in LPS-treated mice compared to vehicle group, but this ratio was significantly reversed in PZRAS-treated mice. These results suggest that PZRAS could prevent or treat disorders with abnormal bone loss.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2004

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to have a range of biological activities, including anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-adipogenic and anti-diabetogenic effects. Recent reports also showed that CLA has free radical scavenging capacity, which may have health benefits for human beings. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of structured lipid (SL)-containing CLA on plasma lipids and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity. Sprague-Dawley mts were fed 5% and 10% SL-containing normal diet for 6 wks and these groups were compared to rats fed 5% and 10% corn oil. In plasma lipids, total-cholesterol was not affected by fat source or dietary fat level while triglyceride level decreased significantly in groups fed 10% fat diet compared to the other groups. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level decreased significantly in the S5 and S10 groups compared to the C5 and C10 groups, although hepatic TBARS level was not altered by fat source. On the other hand, in terms of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase activity increased in the S10 group, whereas catalase activity decreased in the S10 group. Glutathione peroxidase activity decreased significantly in the SL groups compared to the C5 group. Glutathione reductase activity increased and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased in the C10 group compared to the C5 and C5 groups. In conclusion, the free radical scavenging activity of CLA seemed to suppress oxidative stress, which reduced lipid peroxidation resulting in lower hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2004

This work aimed to study the effectiveness of cellular oxidative parameter (malondial-dehyde, protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine). The experimental groups were aluminum treated rats and control rats. Aluminum treatd rats were given intraperitoneally aluminum nitrate nonahydrate ($Al^{3+}$, 0.2 mmol/kg) daily for 30 days except Sunday. Control rats were injected 1 ml of saline. After the dose, rats were decapitated and hippocampus and cerebral cortex were removed. The measured parameters were tissue malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation), protein carbonyl (index of protein oxidation), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG, index of DNA oxidation), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels as well as glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase. AI concentrations in the tissues were also measured. All results were corrected by tissue protein levels. The results were as followed; 1. The concentrations of AI in the cortex and hippocampus were significantly higher in the AI-treated rats than in the control rats. 2. Antioxidative enzyme's activity, catalase and GR, were significantly higher in the AI-treated rats than the control rats. GSH levels were also higher in the AI-treated rats. 3. MDA, protein carbonyl, and 8-OHdG concentration of AI-treated rats were significantly higher than those of control rats. 4. The concentrations of antioxidants, and oxidative stress parameter were correlated with the concentrations of AI in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Catalase and GR activity were also correlated with the concentration of AI. Based on these results, it can be suggested that intraperitoneally injected AI was accumulated in the brain and induced the increase of antioxidant levels and antioxidative enzyme activity. Also, the oxidative products of cellular macromolecules are significantly related to tissue AI concentration. Therefore MDA, protein carbonyl, and 8-OHdG are useful markers for oxidative stress on cellular macromolecules.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1995

자리공 모상근에서 광처리에 따른 항산화효소의 활성을 조사하였다. Catalasa superoxide dismutasae, ascorbate oxidase (AO)의 활성은 광도가 2,000 lx까지 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 특히 AO활성은 2,000 lx에서 암상태보다 92% 감소하였다. Glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPO), ascorbate peroxidase 그리고 peroxidase의 활성도는 500 lx까지는 광도가 높아질수록 증가하였으나 그 이상의 높은 광도에서는 현저하게 감소하였다. GPO의 활성은 AO처럼 2,000 lx에서 암상태보다 85%감소하였다. 광파장에 따른 항산화효소의 활성은 청색광의 파장에서 가장 많이 억제되었으며, AO의 활성은 25%까지 감소하였다. 청색광 파장의 광도에 따른 항산화효소의 활성도는 30 lx까지는 증가하다가 200 lx에서는 암상태보다 21-71%까지 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. AO의 활성은 청색 파장의 광도(300-200 lx)가 증가할수록 급격히 감소하여 200 lx에서는 70%까지 억제되었다. 자리공 모상근의 항산화효소 활성은 청색광 파장의 높은 광도에서 주로 생성된 유해산소 의하여 억제되고 있음을 확인하였다. 광상태하에서 모상근의 생장과 betalain 합성을 향상시키기 위해서는 모상근에서 생성되는 산화제의 효율적인 제거가 요구됨이 시사되었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on blood components and antioxidant system in hyperlipidemic rats. METHODS: Three weeks old male rats were randomly assigned into General diet(GD, n=10), High fat Diet(HD, n=10), and High fat diet+Treadmill exercise(HDT, n=10) groups. Treadmill exercise consisted of the treadmill running 5 times per week during 6 weeks(30 min/time for first 3 weeks and 60 min/time the other 3 weeks). RESULTS: The levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol were increased in HD group compared with GD group, and recovered to level of GD group by treadmill exercise(p<.05). Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were increased in HD group compared with GD group, and recovered to level of GD group by treadmill exercise(p<.05). Glutathione(GSH) and glutathione reductase(GRD) concentrations were decreased in HD group compared with GD group, and these decreases returned to the level of GD group by treadmill exercise(p<.05). Xanthine oxidase(XO) and malondialdehyyde (MDA) concentrations were increased in HD group compared with GD group, and these increases retuned to the level of GD group by treadmill exercise(p<.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that treadmill exercise application were effective treatment strategy on hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it could be considered as a treatment method in the patients with hyperlipidemia disease. Treadmill exercise, Hyperlipidemia, Blood components.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2009

The effects of ${\beta}$-glucosidase on the overall growth performance and a set of physiological parameters of broilers were investigated. 240 male, one-day old Avine broiler chickswere randomly allocated to four treatment groups and fed with a corn-soybean meal supplemented with 0% (control), 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% ${\beta}$-glucosidase. The 0.2% ${\beta}$-glucosidase group, but not the 0.4% and 0.6% ${\beta}$-glucosidase groups, showed a significantly increased average daily weight gain (p<0.05) over that of the control. All three ${\beta}$-glucosidase feed groups showed significantly higher feed conversion ratios than the control group (p<0.05). Feed supplementation of 0.2% ${\beta}$-glucosidase significantly raised the contents of serum isoflavone aglycones as shown by decreases of genistin and daizin (p<0.01) and an increase of daidzein (p<0.01). The 0.2% ${\beta}$-glucosidase feeding significantly increased the intestinal amylase activity while it had little effect on lipase and trypsin activities (p>0.05). 0.2% ${\beta}$-glucosidase feeding also significant elevated the levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and malate dehydrogenase while lowering the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Finally, ${\beta}$-glucosidase improved the anti-oxidative activities of the animals; the 0.2% ${\beta}$-glucosidase feed group had higher activities of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the liver (p<0.05), and malondialdehyde level in the serum (p<0.05).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2006

This study investigated the protective effect of the butanol (BuOH) fraction from Laminaria japonica (BFLJ) extract on high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Freeze-dried L japonica was extracted with distilled water, and the extracted solution was mixed with ethanol then centrifuged. The supernatant was subjected to sequential fractionation with various solvents. The BuOH fraction was used in this study because it possessed the strongest antioxidant activity among the various solvent fractions. To determine the protective effect of the BFLJ, oxidative stress was induced by exposing of HUVECs to the high glucose (30 mM) or normal glucose (5.5 mM) for 48 hr. Cell viability, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and glutathion reductase (GSH-re) were measured. Exposure of HUVECs to high glucose for 48 hr resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cell viability, SOD, GSH-px and GSH-re and a significant (p<0.05) increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation in comparison to the cells treated with 5.5 mM glucose or untreated with glucose. BFLJ treatment decreased TBARS formation and increased cell viability, GSH concentration, and activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, SOD, GSH-px, and GSH-re in high glucose pretreated HUVECs. These results suggest that BFLJ may be able to protect HUVECs from high glucose-induced oxidative stress, partially through the antioxidative defence systems.