• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.841-847
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 새싹보리를 첨가하여(1, 2%) 스트링치즈를 제조하고 품질 특성을 검토하였다. pH는 새싹보리를 첨가한 스트링치즈에서 낮은 값을 보였으며 첨가 농도에 따른 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 아미노산 함량은 새싹보리를 첨가함에 따라 threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, alanine, proline, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, glutamic acid 등의 함량이 비례적으로 증가하였고, 총 아미노산 함량도 대조구에 비하여 새싹보리 2% 첨가 치즈에서 높았다. 색도는 L*(명도)와 a*(적색도)에서 새싹보리 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, b*(황색도)는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 물성의 경우 새싹보리 첨가량이 증가할수록 경도와 검성, 씸힙성은 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 반대로 응집성은 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 신전성 측정 결과 새싹보리를 첨가하지 않은 스트링치즈보다 새싹보리 첨가 스트링치즈의 신전성이 증가함을 확인하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 새싹보리 2% 첨가 치즈에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였으며, 총 플라보노이드와 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

Fast kinetics of transient pH changes and difference spectrum formation have been investigated following mixing of ADP/ATP with partially purified plasma membrane PM-ATPase of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans in the presence of five nutrients: glucose, glutamic acid, proline, lysine, and arginine and two analogs of glucose: 2-deoxy D-glucose and xylose. Average $H^+$- absorption to release ratio, indicative of population of ATPase undergoing complete hydrolytic cycle, was found to be 0.27 for control. This ratio varied between 0.25 (proline) to 0.36 (arginine) for all other compounds tested, except for glucose. In the presence of glucose, $H^+$- absorption to release ratio was exceptionally high (0.92). While no UV difference spectrum was observed with ADP, mixing of ATP with ATPase led to a large conformational change. Exposure to different nutrients restricted the magnitude of the conformational change; the analogs of glucose were found to be ineffective. This suppression was maximal in the case of glucose (80%); with other nutrients, the magnitude of suppression ranged from 40-50%. Rate of $H^+$- absorption, which is indicative of E~P complex dissociation, showed positive correlation with suppression of conformational change only in the case of glucose and no other nutrient/analog. Mode of interaction of glucose with plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase thus appears to be strikingly distinct compared to that of other nutrients/analogs tested. The results obtained lead us to propose a model for explaining glucose stimulation of plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.491-495
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• 1999

In order to examine the effects of N-substituted alkyl group on the anticonvulsant activities of N-Cbz-$\alpha$-aminoglutarimides as novel anticonvulsants with broad spectrum, a series of (R) or (S) N-Cbz-$\alpha$-amino-N-alkylglutarimides (1 and 2) were prepared from the corresponding (R) or (S) N-Cbz-glutamic acid and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activities in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test and pentylenetetrazol induced seizure(PTZ) test, including the neurotoxicity. The most potent compound in the MES test was (S) N-Cbz-$\alpha$-amino-N-methylglutarimide($ED_{50}$=36.3 mg/kg, PI=1.7). This compound was also most potent in the PTZ test ($ED_{50}$=12.5 mg/kg, PI=5.0). The order of anticonvulsant activities against the MES test as evaluated form $ED_{50}$ values for (R) series was N-methyl > N-H > N-ethyl > N-allyl ; for the (S) series N-methyl > N-H > N-ethyl > N-alkyl > N-isobutyl compound. Against the PTZ tests, the order of anticonvulsant activities showed similar pattern ; for the (R) series, N-methyl > N-H > N-ethyl > N-allyl ; for the (S) series N-methyl > N-H > N-ethyl > N-allyl > N-isobutyl compound. From the above results, N-substituted alkyl groups were though to play an important role for the anticonvulsant activities of N-Cbz-$\alpha$-amino-N-alkylgutarimides.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.100-104
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• 1993

환원된 글루타치온은 모든 세포의 대사에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 글루타치온은 두개의 연속적인 반응으로 합성된 세개의 펩타이드로 구성되어 있다. 첫 번째 반응에서의 촉매효소가 GSH-I 이며, 두번째 반응에서의 촉매효소가 GSH-반이다. 대장균주의 글루 타치온 합성 기작은 주로 GSH-I의 되돌림 제어에 의 해 조절되고 있다. 이러한 생화학적 작용과 구조와의 관계를 알기 위한 첫 단계로 증기 확산 방을 방법과 모세관 확산 방법으로 실온에서 결정을 얻게 되었다. GSH-I 효소의 결정은 침전제 ammonium sulfate을 사용하여 얻었으며, 증기 확산 방을 방법으로는 10 일의 기간으로 실온에서 0.2 m x 0.2 mm x 0.2 mm 크기로 자랐으며. 이 결정은 싱크로트론 X-T3y 를 사용하여 약 4.0 A 까지 회절 시켰다. 또, 모세관 을 이용한 방법으로 얻은 결정은 40일의 기간으로 실온에서 0.25 mm X 0.25 mm X 0.3 mm 의 크기로 자랐으며, 이 결정은 회전 음극선의 X-ray를 사용하여 약 4.0 A까지 회절시켰다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.813-830
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• 2020

In this study, the potential of infrared assisted freeze-drying (IRAFD) was tested for the production of shelf-stable edible insects: Protaetia brevitarsis larva (larva of white-spotted flower chafer). The IRAFD system was customized using an infrared lamp, K-type thermocouple, controller, and data acquisition system. The infrared lamp provided the sublimation energy for rapid freeze-drying (FD). The IRAFD conditions were continuous IRAFD-5.0 kW/㎡ and IRAFD-5.0 kW/㎡ at different weight reduction (WR) (10%, 20%, and 30%). The continuous IRAFD reduced the drying time to 247 min compared to the 2,833 min duration of FD (p<0.05). The electrical energy could be reduced by more than 90% through infrared radiation during FD (p<0.05). The Page model resulted in the best prediction among the tested drying kinetic models. In terms of quality, IRAFD showed significantly lower hardness, chewiness, and higher protein levels than hot air drying and FD (p<0.05). IRAFD better preserved the glutamic acid (6.30-7.29 g/100 g) and proline (3.84-5.54 g/100 g). The external product appearance after IRAFD exhibited more air pockets and volume expansion, which might result in a good consumer appeal. In conclusion, this study reports the potential of IRAFD in producing shelf-stable and value-added edible insects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1260-1269
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• 2018

Production of good Koji primarily depends upon the selection of substrate materials and fermentative microflora, which together influence the characteristic flavor and aroma. Herein, we performed comparative metabolomic analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and primary metabolites for Koji samples fermented individually with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Aspergillus oryzae. The VOCs and primary metabolites were analyzed using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). In particular, alcohols, ketones, and furans were mainly detected in Bacillus-fermented Koji (Bacillus Koji, BK), potentially due to the increased levels of lipid oxidation. A cheesy and rancid flavor was characteristic of Bacillus Koji, which is attributable to high content of typical 'off-flavor' compounds. Furthermore, the umami taste engendered by 2-methoxyphenol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, and glutamic acid was primarily detected in Bacillus Koji. Alternatively, malty flavor compounds (2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal) and sweet flavor compounds (monosaccharides and maltol) were relatively abundant in Aspergillus-fermented Koji (Aspergillus Koji, AK). Hence, we argue that the VOC profile of Koji is largely determined by the rational choice of inocula, which modifies the primary metabolomes in Koji substrates, potentially shaping its volatolome as well as the aroma characteristics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the effects of onion powder supplementation on lipid metabolism in male SD rats fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet. Experimental groups were control (C), high fat fed group (HF), high fat+onion powder intake (OP), high fat+quercetin intake (Q). The HF diet contained 1% cholesterol, 4% lard, 0.3% Na-taurocholate, and quercetin supplementation level was 0.1 g/kg diet. The OP group showed lower body weight gains compared to the control, while there was no significant difference in food efficiency ratio efficiency. When the proportion of fecal bile acids per total lipids was calculated, there was a significant decrease in the HF group compared to the control group, while the levels of the control group was same as that of the OP group. There was no significant difference between the HF and Q groups in bile acid/total lipid in feces. The amount of total cholesterol in liver increased significantly in HF group compared to the control group, while total cholesterol decreased significantly in the OP group compared to the HF group. There was a significant decrease in GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) activity in OP and Q groups compared to the HF group. In conclusion, feeding onion powder to hyperlipidemic rates appeared to control weight gain, significantly lower the level of total cholesterol in the liver, and recover GOT activity. We also demonstrated that onion powder intake was more effective than quercetin intake.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.384-393
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• 2006

Protein carboxylmethylation methylates the free carboxyl groups in various substrate proteins by protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase (PCMT) and is one of the post-translational modifications. There have been many studies on protein carboxylmethylation. However, the precise functional role in mammalian systems is unclear. In this study, immunoglobulin, a specific form of $\gamma-globulin$, which is a well-known substrate for PCMT, was chosen to investigate the regulatory roles of protein carboxylmethylation in the immune system. It was found that the anti-BSA antibody could be carboxylmethylated via spleen PCMT to a level similar to $\gamma-globulin$. This carboxylmethylation increased the hydrophobicity of the anti-BSA antibody up to 11.4%, and enhanced the antigen-binding activity of this antibody up to 24.6%. In particular, the Fc region showed a higher methyl accepting capacity with 80% of the whole structure level. According to the amino acid sequence alignment, indeed, 7 aspartic acids and 5 glutamic acids, as potential carboxylmethylation sites, were found to be conserved in the Fc portion in the human, mouse and rabbit. The carboxylmethylation of the anti-BSA antibody was reversibly demethylated under a higher pH and long incubation time. Therefore, these results suggest that protein carboxylmethylation may reversibly regulate the antibody-mediated immunological events via the Fc region.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2006

We evaluated therapeutic and preventive properties of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a weak androgenic steroid, against isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy. The cardiomyopathy was induced by daily i.p. administration of isoproterenol to rats for five days. One group of rats were given with daily s.c. for 5 days during isoproterenol and the other group with daily s.c. DHEA for total 10 days, including 5 days before and during isoproterenol. The animals were killed after each treatment, and cardiac muscle failure was evaluated using histopathologic examination and biochemical indices. DHEA was found to reduce the damaged area and inhibit the elevation in the serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), skeletal muscle creatine kinase (CK) and heart creatine kinase (CK-MB) induced by isoproterenol. We also assayed widely used oxidative stress parameters, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathion peroxidase (GPx). DHEA decreased the escalated level of TBARS and enhanced the anti oxidant defense reaction with an increase in Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD. On the other hand, the treatment with DHEA did not affect catalase and GPx activity. The present study indicates that DHEA has a therapeutic and preventive effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy and its effects may depend largely on the increase in SOD activity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 1988

마늘의 품질보존을 위한 수단으로서 전리에너지인 장마선의 이응이 가능해짐에 따라, 발아억제 선량인 0.1kGy 처리와 저장조건$(3{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;75{\sim}85%\;R.H.;\;12{\pm}5^{\circ}C,\;75{\sim}85%\;R.H.)$이 마늘의 몇가지 성분변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 0.1kGy의 감마선 조사는 시료의 수분함량에 거의 영향을 미치지 않았으나 실온저장 10개월 후의 대조시료는 조사시료에 비해 수분함량이 유의적으로 감소되었다(P<0.05). 발아억제 처리는 저장중 시료의 총당 함량의 변화를 완만하게 하였으며, 저온저장 8개월 후 대조시료의 유리당 함량은 조사시료에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었다. 발아억제 선량의 감마선 처리는 시료의 아스코르브산과 지방산 참량에 거의 영향을 주지 않았으나 아미노산 조성중 글루탐산과 아스파르트산 함량에는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.