• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 1997

The effects of silkworm extract on body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels, and an intestinal glycosidase activity were studied in high carbohydrate diet administered mice. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia represented in high carbohydrate diet administered mice disappeared when silkworm extract(50 mg) was added to 100 g diet for 10 week period. These results suggest that silkworm extract may resolve the insulin resistance by lowering serum insulin level resulting from inhibition of intestinal glycosidase activity. Silkworm extract coadministered with high carbohydrate diet to mice for 10 weeks significantly induced maltase, sucrase and lactase acivities, especially middle and distal portion. Further studies about regulatory mechanisms of glycosidase by silkworm extract are needed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2011

Exercise training (ET) and selenium (SEL) were evaluated either individually or in combination (COMBI) for their effects on expression of glucose (AMPK, PGC- $1{\alpha}$, GLUT-4) and lactate metabolic proteins (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) in heart and skeletal muscles in a rodent model (Goto-Kakisaki, GK) of diabetes. Forty GK rats either remained sedentary (SED), performed ET, received SEL, ($5\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}kg$ body $wt^{-1}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) or underwent both ET and SEL treatment for 6 wk. ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI resulted in a significant lowering of lactate, glucose, and insulin levels as well as a reduction in HOMA-IR and AUC for glucose relative to SED. Additionally, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI increased glycogen content and citrate synthase (CS) activities in liver and muscles. However, their effects on glycogen content and CS activity were tissue-specific. In particular, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI induced upregulation of glucose (AMPK, PGC-la, GLUT-4) and lactate (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) metabolic proteins relative to SED. However, their effects on glucose and lactate metabolic proteins also appeared to be tissue-specific. It seemed that glucose and lactate metabolic protein expression was not further enhanced with COMBI compared to that of ET alone or SEL alone. These data suggest that ET alone or SEL alone or COMBI represent a practical strategy for ameliorating aberrant expression of glucose and lactate metabolic proteins in diabetic GK rats.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.613-620
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• 1998

Antidiabetic activity of Mori folium ethanol soluble fraction (MFESF) was examined in db/db mice, which is a spontaneously hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and obese animal model . 500 and 1000mg/kg dose for MFFSF (designated by SY 500 and SY 1000, respectively) and 5mg/kg dose for acarbose were administered for 6 weeks. Body weight gain, fasting and non-fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin and triglyceride were all reduced dose dependently when compared between db/db control group and MFESF treated group. At 11th and 13th week after birth, MFESF increased an insulin secretion which may result in lowering serum glucose level. Total activities of sucrase and maltase in SY 500 treated group were decreased when compared to db/db control. On the other hand, those in SY 1000 and acarbose treated groups were increased. This result may suggest that proteins for sucrase and maltase were compensatorily induced due to significant inhibition of glycosidase-catalyzed reaction at doses administered in this study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2007

The present study was carried out to evaluate the physiological effects of mushroom supplementation on blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and antioxidant enzyme activities in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects were randomized into either a control group or mushroom supplementation group. Mushroom supplementation was provided 3 times a day for 4 weeks. We found that total dietary fiber intake was about 2.5 times higher (30.3 g vs. 12.3 g) in subjects receiving mushroom supplementation than in the control group. Two groups maintained the same food intake and amount of activity, exercise during the supplementation. We observed no difference in age, height, weight, BMI (body mass index), blood pressure between the groups. Nutrient intake did not differ appreciably between the two groups, except for fiber intake, during the supplementation. Fasting blood glucose levels and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly lower in those ingesting mushroom than in controls. Furthermore, the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased significantly in the mushroom supplementation group. Small changes were observed in the concentration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of those supplemented with mushroom, but these changes were not statistically significant. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase with mushroom supplementation were higher than in controls, but and glutathione peroxidase activity was not affected. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of mushroom group were lower than control group, but were not significant. We conclude that addition of mushroom influences glycemic control and may be effective in lowering blood lipids and improving antioxidant enzyme activities. Accordingly, such effects may reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, to confirm these effects and to make dietary recommendations for patients with type 2 diabetes, further studies are necessary.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

비교적 고 열량 실험 사료를 섭취하는 흰쥐군에 사료 섭취량의 1%, 5%, 10% 배추 김치즙을 1개월 동안 각각 oral zonde를 사용 섭취시킨 결과 10% 투여군에서 체중 증가율과 사료섭취 효율이 다른 실험군들보다 유의적으로 감소하였다 10% 투여군에서 다른 실험군들보다 혈중 중성 지방량과 총 cholesterol량 및 LDL-cholesterol량은 유의적으로 감소하였고 HDL-cholesterol은 유의적으로 증가하였다. 10% 투여군에서 다른 실험군들보다 혈중 GPT와 GOT활성도 및 creatinine농도가 정상값을 넘지 않는 범위 내에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였고 10% 투여군의 혈당량은 다른 실험군들 보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 따라서 김치를 장기간 다량 섭취하면 혈중 지질성분과 혈당량의 감소를 가져올 수 있으나 비록 김치는 비교적 염분이 많고 자극이 강한 양념류(마늘,앙파, 생강, 고추)를 포함하지만 일상적으로 섭취하는 김치로 인하여 간장과 신장기능에 부담(역작용)을 줄 가능성은 거의 없어 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.262-267
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• 1987

The effect of Schizandrae fructus extract (S.F.E.) on experimentally alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits and the acute toxicity on mice were studied; $LP_{50}$ of the extract was 21.50g/kg by intraperitoneal administration in mice. S.F.E. showed more rapid recovering effect than the control group : all samples showed excellent effect of lowering the hyperglycemia, that is, the blood glucose level was significantly decreased by 800mg/kg in 2 days and by 200mg/kg in 6 days. SGPT activity was lowered promptly after 4 days in 800mg/kg. Total cholesterol level was not shown significant lowering effect by 200mg/kg, but rapid by 800mg/kg in 6 days; blood urea nitrogen level was decreased gradually in 800mg/kg after 10 days and 14 days in 200mg/kg. In histological studies of pancreas, the sample groups exhibited less karyorrhexis, vacuolar and vesicular change, more stable in contents of ${\beta}-cells$ than the control group.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2008년도 Proceedings of the Convention
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• pp.5-20
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• 2008

GLP 1 기반의 약(GLP-1 유도체와 DPP IV 저해제)과 인크레틴 유사체는 최근 가장 각광을 받는 2당뇨 치료제 계열 중 하나이다. GLP-1은 위장에서 분비되는 핍타이드 인크레틴 호르몬으로서 췌장으로부터의 당-의존적 인슐린 분비를 증진하고, 위장통과를 지연시키며, 췌장 베타세포의 증식을 촉진한다. DPP IV 저해제는 GLP-1 불활성화시키는 DPP IV 효소의 활성을 저해함으로써 인크레틴처럼 작용한다. LC15-0133은 경쟁적, 가역적 DPP IV 저해제 ($IC_{50}$ = 24 nM, Ki=0.247 nM)이며, DPP II, DPP 8, 엘라스타제, 트릴신, 유로키나제에 비해 DPPIV 에 대한 선택적 억제 효능이 우수하다. LC15-0133 랫과 개에서 긴 반감기와, 우수한 경구흡수율을 보였다. LC15-0133 랫과 개에서 각각 0.1 mg/kg 0.02 mg/kg 용량으로 경구투여하고 24시간이 지난 후에도 50%이상의 혈장 DPP IV 활성 억제효능을 유지하였다. C57BL/6 마우스에서 LC15-013301 경구당부하에 의한 혈당증가를 억제하는 최소유효용량은 0.01 mg/kg, 당에 의한 GLP-1 분비를 증가시키는 최소유효용량은 0.1 mg/kg 이다. Zucker 당뇨 랫에서 LC15-01331의 1개월간의 경구반복투여는 당뇨병으로의 진행을 지연시키고, 혈중 HbA1c 감소시켰다. 결론적으로, LC15-0133은 신규의 강력하고, 선택적인 경구 DPP IV 저해제이며, 여러가지 동물모델에서 탁월한 혈당강하효능을 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1981

식품 방부제인 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide의 사용이 금지된 후로 어묵 및 어육햄(ham) 및 소시지(sausage) 등의 보존성을 높이기 위한 수단의 하나로 제품의 $a_w$치를 0.94이하로 떨어뜨리는 방법이 권장되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 포장 어묵을 제조할 때에 수분량을 일정하게 조정하여 식염, 당류 및 다가알코올류를 첨가하였을 경우 제품에 미치는 첨가제의 수분 활성저하 효과를 조사하였다. 1. 식염은 $4\%$이상 첨가하면 $a_w$를 0.94이하로 저하시킬 수 있었다. 그러나, 제품의 맛을 고려할 때 실용성이 없을 것으로 생각된다. 2. sucrose, lactose, maltose보다 g1ucese의 수분활성 저하 효과는 현저히 컸으나 갈변을 유발하므로 다량 첨가는 문제가 될 것으로 생각된다. 3. glycerin, sorbitol 및 propylene glycol 등의 다가알코올류는 대체로 수분 활성 저하 효과가 좋았다. 그 효과는 glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol의 순이었고, 특히 glycerin은 효과가 좋아서 식염의 1/3정도의 저하 효과가 있었다. 4. 동일 첨가제에 있어서는 제품의 수분함량이 저하 경우가 수분 활성 저하 효과가 다소 나은 경향을 보였다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.74-74
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• 1997

Chicory is used popularly. We use leaves of the plant as ordinary mea1, and roots as a substitute of tea materials. It also has been asserted that it has clinical effects on weakness, hepatic disease, diabetes, etc. However, experimental evidences are so insufficient that we started these studies. For antiinflammatory activity, MeOH Ex. was orally administered to rats, and decreased amounts of paw edema induced by carrageenan injection were measured. For bile secretion increament, rats were administered total MeOH, EtOAc fraction, and BuOH fraction Ex. respectively. One hour later, bile ducts were cannulated, and we collected bile every 20 minutes for 4 hours. For hepatoprotective activity, CCl$_4$-intoxicated mouse were treated with MeOH Ex., then s-GPT, S-GOT, and liver weight were measured. For antidiabetic activity, rats were induced diabetes by streptozocin 45mg/kg(i.v) injection. One week later, 1000mg/kg of total MeOH Ex. of chicory root was orally administered. We divided rats into three groups. Group 1 rats were administered only once, group 2 ones once a day for one week, and group 3 ones for three weeks. The concentrations of serum glucose were measured before and after administration. For antihypertensive activity, SHR were administrated total MeOH Ex. of chicory once a day for 8 days, and were measured blood pressure on 1st, 3rd, 6th and 8th day. Total MeOH, EtOAc fraction, and BuOH fraction Ex. increased bile secretion in rats, and decreased liver toxicity induced by CCl$_4$ in mouse. Total MeOH, Ex. of chicory roots has antiinflammatory effect, and decreased blood glucose concentration in group 2 and 3 rats. It was revealed not lowering blood pressure significantly in SHR.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2012

After a mixed carbohydrate diet, inhibition of ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase involved in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates can significantly decrease the postprandial increase of blood glucose level. In the course of screening these useful enzyme inhibitors, we selected five kinds of bean, using an in-vitro enzyme inhibition assay method. To evaluate the effect of germination process on the functionality of the bean, we investigated the inhibitory activities of the water extracts of non-germinated bean and germinated bean against ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, relevant to postprandial hyperglycemia. We also investigated the oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), total phenolics content, and postprandial blood glucose lowering effect in rats(Sprague-Dawley rat model). Most germinated beans showed significantly higher ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, compared with non-germinated beans. Among germinated beans, Glycine max had the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity(53.3%). The water extract of germinated Phaseolus vulgaris L. had the highest ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity(95.1%), followed by Glycine max(58.7%), and Glycine max L. Merr(54.1%). Furthermore, the five germinated beans also showed high antioxidant activities in ORAC assay. Results suggested that the germination process may improve and enhance the anti-hyperglycemia potential and antioxidant activity of the bean.