• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2013

The marine biotechnology industry is very significant as compared to other industries as one of the driving forces for economic growth in the next generation in Korea. However, the marine biotechnology market has been considered as a component of the biotechnology industry market which made difficult for creating separate research areas in relation to the scope of the relevant industry market as well as making it difficult to establish its own R&D policy strategies. Accordingly, this study was executed to estimate the future long-term market value of the marine biotechnology within the limit of industrial field and to verify the importance of national R&D investment in marine biotechnology on the basis of estimations within the industrial perspective. To this end, we classified the marine biotechnology industry into the four sub-sectors and estimated the domestic and global industrial market in 2010 and 2024. According to the results, the domestic and global market of the marine biotechnology industry will see a remarkable growth by 2024. In particular, the bio-energy, pharmaceutical and functional foods industry markets will achieve astonishing advances. On the basis of the analysis results, Korea has to establish more progressive and aggressive R&D investment strategies to strengthen national competitiveness through the marine biotechnology industry.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.14-20
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• 1995

Discourses on global environment are not only limited to the matter of simple environmen-tal protection but also going to an imperative that every country should take the environ-mental aspects into more consideration, and if necessary even proceed to modify its own strategies for economic growth. It is because scores of existing International conventions and agreements on environmental caused tend to combine the environmental issues with trade sanctions and financial assistances in order to ensure a mandatory power in pushing themselves through on a global dimension. Particularly noteworthy is the so -called Green Round(GR) which substantially associates the Issues of environmental protection with some sanctions in international trade, its rationale is quite simple. The differentiated production costs rising from the difference in environmental standards among different countries may affect national competitiveness in in-ternational trade, therefore a need does exist to countervail this difference. In reality, however, severe dissention seems to have been exposed between the developed and developing countries around this matter, because national interests and priorities in national goals considerably differ among respective countries. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which caused global warming are mostly released from the combustion of fossil fuels. The perfect removal of released $CO_{2}$ is impossible with existing technologies, and moreover, it's not payable in economical terms. Therefore it will be more effective and desirable to make more efforts to prevent the release of the $CO_{2}$ it- self through energy conservation involving the development and promotion of clean and high-efficient energy technologies and energy sources, and the development and promotion of new & renewable energy resources, and so on. One of important national tasks In our country is to establish an Energy Policy consider-ing environmental impacts since Korea depends most of its energy consumption on the fossil fuels such as oil and coal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1087-1099
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• 2010

This study explores the retail environment factors of the changes mentioned in the "Factors and Directions of the Change of the Apparel Retail Structure in Korea" (Part I) to understand the changes in apparel retail institutions. This study was done through a literature research method and the results are as follows. First, changing consumer needs and trends require extensive new products, a method to manufacture diverse products according to the market demand, and the necessity to manufacture based on trends in demand. This limits the role of mass production, which brought about more flexible manufacturing modes, scaled down manufacturing factories, promoted more cooperative subcontract relationships, and increased global sourcing which uses other companies at the most appropriate global venue. How to organize and use cooperative networks that benefit companies is the key to global competitiveness in the new era and the information technology developed around retail shops plays a key role. Consequently, the management of consumers and their information becomes critical and retail distribution functions become a key corporate function. In addition, it is difficult for small shops to introduce effective new technologies that encourage the growth of large companies. Second, apparel companies that use to benefit from scale merits based on the previous mass production system are now becoming effective by using economies of scale through mass retailing while shops are enlarging their sizes as a way to survive. On the other hand, inexpensive clothes become even more inexpensive while expensive ones become even more expensive, promoting polarization and diverse price ranges that widen consumer options.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

Purpose - In the major global markets, such as US and China, consumer ethnocentrism has been strengtened and there is a growing need for related study. This research aims to investigate the effects of national pride and national attachment on consumer ethnocentrism, using a nationally representative dataset from 2013 Korean General Social Survey. Based on the reviews of literature in social and political sciences, two dimensions of national pride were considered: national society pride which is based on positive evaluations on the nation's democracy condition or social security system, and national achievement pride which is based on positive evaluations regarding the country's achievements in the areas of technology, art, sports, and so on. Research design, data, and methodology - The authors developed a structural model in which two types of national pride, national society and achievement pride, are proposed to affect national attachment, thus influencing consumer ethnocentrism. 1,294 surveys were used for empirical analysis. The hypotheses were tested by utilizing SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0. The unidimensionality of each construct and the nomological validity were supported from the results of factor analyses and correlation analysis. Results - It was found that both national society pride and national achievement pride have significant and positive effects on national attachment. Consumers who show stronger pride on the social systems or the global achievements of Korea are more likely to remain being a citizen of the country and support the country even in wrong. Also, there was a significant and positive relationship between national attachment and consumer ethnocentrism. Korean consumers who have stronger attachment to Korea tend to express higher ethnocentrism to protect Korean labor market and to promote economic development of the country. Conclusions - The findings of this study showed that companies and government need to emphasize the country's advanced social environments or global competitiveness in technology, sports, art, and so on, to boost national attachment. With a deeper understanding on the relationships among national pride, national attachment, and consumer ethnocentrism, the authors expect that both local and foreign companies in Korea will be able to develop more effective marketing strategies and to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.197-198
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• 2019

Competition between global ports is intensifying as the number of calling ports has decreased due to the growth of ship size and the implementation of global environmental regulations has begun. Global ports are pushing for a strategic and concrete transition to smart ports in order to secure port competitiveness in the future. In Korea, however, the government plans and projects for promoting smart ports have yet to materialize, and related papers and research are lacking. In this paper, the concept of smart port was established, and the current status of technology and introduction of smart ports was analyzed. In addition, the concept of Smart Port Index(SPI) was presented in order to objectively and quantitatively compare the level of smartness. As a result,

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.291-307
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• 2018

Australia is the world's top gold, nickel, iron ore, lead, zinc and uranium, and is ranked in the top five in many other important minerals. Extension to existing resources will continue to support well-established local production. There are perceptions by some that Australia is a mature exploration destination where the easily won near-surface deposits were largely discovered many decades ago. In recent years, Australia faces increasing global competition for investment spending in all jurisdictions in which mineral exploration is encouraged. Many regional communities face the threat of losing their main economic driver as a number of long-term mines are reaching the end of their economic life. However, given the trend of increasing mineral demand due to the 4th industrial revolution, it is considered that Korea is also an opportunity to acquire global competitiveness of geoscience and mining technology by smart and digital mining, and by ICT-convergence technology R&D.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2002

The Korean textile industry contributed much to the country's economic success during the 1970s-80s. Since the end of the 1980s, however, most of the Korean textile industry has begun to suffer from both high labor costs and skilled-labor shortage. During this period, such countries as China, Indonesia, and Malaysia began to gain strong foothold in the global textile market, mainly owing to considerably low label costs. To maintain competitiveness in the global textile market, the Korean textile industry should undergo a structural change. It should switch from the mass production of low quality design to selective praction of high quality and well-designed textiles. An cement of high value-added should be put into the textile product.: Usage of functional material, new processing technology, automation, pro-environmental dye shes, and strategic marketing is required. In this appear, I suggest ways and means to make the Korean textile design be good enough to compete in the global market.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-88
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• 2016

This study aims to help address concerns about the growing demand of wider bandwidth Internet connection in the Philippines. Using articles and research of international organizations and content from official websites of the Philippine government, this paper has carefully examined the slow Internet connectivity and the high cost that the end-users pay for it. This paper suggests that this inefficiency hampers the motivation of users to innovate in a way that could contribute to inclusive growth and the development of an inclusive information society. Through a comparison of the current global ICT situation with the current situation in the Philippines, this paper shows that the country's Internet infrastructure lags behind among those of contemporary developing countries in Asia, particularly in terms of Internet connectivity. In 2015, Thailand had an average Internet speed of 7.4 Mbps, Sri Lanka 7.4, and Malaysia 4.3. Meanwhile, the Philippines had a meager average Internet speed of 2.8 Mbps, placing the country at 104 among 160 countries, with developed countries in Asia such as South Korea (23.6 Mbps) and Singapore (12.9 Mbps) ranking 1 and 12, respectively. Findings show that the lack of competition in the Internet connectivity market, among other reasons, is at the root of the dilemma of slow and costly Internet connection. Assessing the accomplishments of the Republic of Korea and other broadband-leading countries has provided practical insights and recommendations that can promote competitiveness. Furthermore, related literature argues how ISP practices may affect Internet speed and cost. This study offers an approach in improving Internet connectivity in the Philippines by bridging the gap between the Internet infrastructure market and government policies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2019

This study performed Panel Regression Analysis (PRA) with the debt ratio as a dependent variable and the ROE (return on equity), sales volume, current ratio, total capital, and Shanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI) as an independent variable. According to the GLS analysis, the current ratio to liabilities ratio was negative, and for sales, the ratio of liabilities was positive. Capital totals also had a negative impact on the debt ratio. However, ROE, unlike the hypothesis, had negative effects on the liability ratio, and the SCFI index was not significant. As implications of this research, the company confirmed that its sales increased as the debt ratio of global shipping companies rose, achieving economies of scale. However, it was confirmed that the actual size of the economy through the injection of other capital would help increase sales but not affect net profit. Shipping companies should expand their business power and secure large container vessels to secure credibility of shippers. In the future research, an analysis considering exchange rate, global economic growth rate, and manufacturing production index is needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.24-38
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• 2021

This study aims to measure Korea's global competitiveness in intelligent information technology, which is the core technology of the 4th industrial revolution. For analysis, we collect patents of each field and prior patents cited by them, which are applied at the U.S. Patent Office (USPTO) between 2010 and 2018 from PATSTAT Online. A global knowledge transfer network was established by grouping citing- and cited-relationships at a national level. The in-degree centrality is used to evaluate technology acceptance, which indicates the process of absorbing existing technological knowledge to create new knowledge in each field. Second, to evaluate the impact of existing technological knowledge on the creation of new one, the out-degree centrality is investigated. Third, we apply the PageRank algorithm to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the importance of the relationships between countries. As a result, it is confirmed through all the indicators that the AI sector is currently the least competitive.