• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-139
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to analyze four models of global e-trade implementation which was suggested at the advance research of implementation global e-Trade with major trading countries. The main outcomes of this empirical study are as follows. For realizing global e-trade of G-Networking model country we have to implement e-trade in the field of "import & logistics". And for realizing global e-trade of P-Networking model country, it need to try in "settlement & clearance". Furthermore, for realizing global e-Trade of G-Penetration model country, we have known that the field of "import & logistics" would be implemented. Finally for realizing global e-Trade of P-Penetration model country, "settlement & clearance" could be implemented. Also, this study suggests that we have to do negotiation with China and Japan at first, and to try the area of settlement & clearance to implement the global e-Trade with Korea's 10 major trading countries.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.251-268
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• 2022

Over the last few decades, global trade activities showed a significant increase, resulting in a rise of the wider global economic growth. The achievement is partly due to the more integrated global trade system under global trade regime such as World Trade Organization (WTO) that standardized the practice of global trade. On the other hand, it could also be seen that regional trade negotiation became more important part of global trade activity. The trade negotiation itself was pushed and tailored by regional perspective, which indigenized trade agreement. This research aims to analyze the indigenization of ASEAN's trade negotiation model. How has the current trade negotiation model within the region represented indigenous needs and aspirations? This study also offers to revisit the conceptual framework in identifying the trade negotiation model to measure the indigeneity of Southeast Asian automotive industry's policy. This research concludes by explaining the case studies which measure the effect of indigenization to the practice of trade agreement in the region.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-56
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper explains how free trade agreements (FTAs) work as a building block to achieve global free trade and be better than other trade regimes. Design/methodology - This paper utilizes a trade liberalization game setup. Three countries choose a trade agreement strategy based on a given trade regime. Trade agreement is made only when all member countries agree. The paper evaluates each trade regime concerning FTAs and customs union (CU) by area size of global free trade equilibrium on the technology or demand gap between countries. Findings - FTAs make global free trade easier. In this game, there are two main reasons for failure to reach global free trade. First, a trade regime with FTAs makes non-member face difficulties in refusing trade agreements in the existence of a technology gap than a trade regime without FTAs. Also, a trade regime with FTAs causes it harder to exclude non-members in the existence of a demand gap than a trade regime with only CUs. Therefore, a trade regime with FTAs can work better in reaching global free trade. Originality/value - The concept of "implicit coordination" was used, which assumes that FTA members keep external tariffs for non-members the same as before an FTA. Without this consideration, FTA members lower their tariffs to non-members, and it makes non-member refuse free trade easier. FTA can prevent it sufficiently only with implicit coordination. This makes the trade regime with FTAs more effective to reach global free trade.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-114
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• 2008

It is said that global business education in Korea must be a kind of good investment on the future of Korea, because Korea's degree of dependence upon global trade is very high. But, despite great significance of trade in economic aspect, education system on global business in Korea still remains in old paradigm focused mainly on trade in goods. The purpose of this paper is to analyse key environment of trade in Korea relating to global business education system, and to suggest some trade-friendly measures to improve the global economic environment being worse. Methodology used in this study depends on descriptive analysis by literature study. As all the paradigm of global business has shifted from 20C's trade environment to that of 21C's and still more borderless trend has progressed, it is high time Korea to design the new education system of global business to conform with the trade mode of Korea, and to execute the mode of strategic trade which is new conception of trade strategy derived from Web 2.0 trend. Major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : It is suggested that Korea should convert basic composition of trade strategy to strategic trade irrespective of company size, nationality, public or private sector, etc., and launch new instructional model considering the trade 2.0 concepts. Also, Korea's trade policies which have been based on 'trade in goods' should be changed to the frame of strategic trade so that can include various trade process such as trade in services, trade in technology, cultural contents, global investment(TRIMs), TRIPS, etc.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.403-428
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• 2010

Our country's sustainable trade growth fundamentally depends on the supply of excellent labors called global trade expert. He or she is required several knowledge and skills not only trade, marketing, information technology, foreign languages but also global mind. Universities have to supply excellent global trade expert to companies according to needs and wants. The object of this paper is to propose some ideas for training of global trade expert of Korea university under global trade environment. First, global companies prefer labors who have not only some skills about specialty and communication skill but also personality on passion, creativity, leadership and so on. Second, The university's curriculum needs to improved in terms of "convergence" and "specialty". In nature, trade major treats lots of subjects such as trade, business adminstration, economics, international law, international commerce, logistics, marketing, etc to catch up changing global business circumstances and companies' needs. Therefore convergence of adjacent field is very important in study and training. Finally, Universities need to use field-specialist to supplement of trade working experience as instructors and practitioners. The concept of convergence and specialty is not separated but harmonious each other.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.35
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• pp.179-219
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• 2007

Cross-border supply chains undergone complexity in the global trade process, unpredictability and continually evolving regulations and information requirements. Under these circumstances, longer lead time inhibiting quick response to market demands, unanticipated supply chain costs eroding product cost savings, compliance and documentation errors causing delays and fines are challenging global trade companies when they execute global business. These problems are mainly caused by unautomated, unintegrated process which lead to longer and more unpredictable lead times, slower cash flow, cost overruns, and ultimately lower profits and less satisfied customers. Complex and unpredictable global trade environment requires global trade companies of global trade management functions to automate and control this complex environment for driving out cost, time and risk from their business. Global trade management allows cost savings, supply chain efficiencies and improved compliance through improving global supply chain visibility, facilitating cash flow by supply chain financing, enhancing supply chain security and risk management.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.25-45
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• 2010

The objective of this paper is to review the mechanics of how global e-trade practices can affect a firm's performance. It is well known that the introduction of global e-trade systems can save transaction costs at the macro level. However this study is extended at micro level by determining whether global trade transaction costs influence positively or negatively in exporting firms performances at firm level. A theoretical framework is suggested for determining the usage and performance of global e-trade with the global e-trade barriers. An empirical analysis of South Korean exporting firms has been undertaken. This paper concludes that the global e-trade has yet to overcome the barriers resulting from the transaction costs and asset specificity. In this regard, appropriate action like intensive education and training program should be implemented in order to make South Korea's global e-trade more matured.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-162
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• 2005

The objective of this paper is to investigate important factors when one can consider an implementation of global e-trade. This paper in particular intends to derive which factors are significant at information strategic planning stage as well as its evaluation stage. Many works in the global e-trade area have been focusing on narrow research issues related to EDI implementation and trade process automation after trade contracts are legally made. Therefore, more complete and exclusive factors at pre-contract stage should be considered when one can make a strategic plan for global e-trade. Five factors are found to be important for global e-trade planning and those are: (1) corporate strategy, (2)trade process automation, (3)trade information technology & infrastructure, (4)organization & people, and (5)trade information technology utilization. An evaluation framework is developed in this paper and its empirical results are also provided.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.305-322
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• 2005

To meet the demand of Korea's e-trade, global e-trade should be implemented and the global network is absolutely needed for the completion of e-trade. In this regard, this study suggested the concept and effect of global e-trade and analyzed the current status of PAA, ASEM projects which have been processing as pilot projects. Also, it derived tasks for the implementation of global e-trade through SWOT analysis and made up questions to the firms which are participating the pilot projects. Therefore, the four implementation models of global e-trade network are brought up. These models are very similar to each pilot project such as PAA, ASEM, and could be classified by developed and developing countries.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.37
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• pp.329-360
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• 2008

In Korea, the major of international trade and business introduced in the 1960s to supply trade expert to trading companies, and the heyday of the trade major was in the 1980s. However the trade major fell into decay from the middle of 1990s. The purpose of trade education in university is to supply high qualified employees to societies and companies. The problem is that companies have difficuties for recruiting of trade expert, on the other hand university graduates have few job oppertunies. It has some discrepancies between education and field. The object of this paper is to propose a direction of modification of the trade and international business curriculum for global trade expert. We research international trade and business departments' curriculums of GTEP universities. GTEP stands for global trade expert incubating program started from 2006 which have charge of MOCIE and KITA. First, in the title of department, a lot of former researchers have taken up the position to return "Trade" or "International Trade". We think more important fact is not the title of department but the curriculum, so we insist on a harmony between the department title and curriculums. The focus of modification of curriculum is to educate global trade expert, so we need to know about global business environment and companies' needs also. Second, We propose the directions for modification of curriculum are "convergence" and "specialty". Trade major is a mixed study in nature and trade major try to treat lots of subjects such as trade, business adminstration, economics, international law, international commerce, logistics and marketing etc to catch up changing global business circumstanses and companies' needs. So convergence of adjacent field is very important in study and training. Specialty means selection and concentration strategy for global trade expert. It is difficult to learn every knowledge and skills for employer's needs in 4 years and 140 credits. A students who has studied basic subject in trade, management, economics can choose 1 or 2 specailty subject such as trade and e-commerce, global marketing, logistics and transportation, commerce and policy, servive trade, foreign language and cross culture etc. In concusion, the concept of convergence and specialty is not separation but harmony each other, so we propose to promote two concept together for modification of the trade and international business curriculum for training of global trade expert.