• Title/Summary/Keyword: Glass Industry

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The Effect of Chemical Structure on the Adhesion Properties of Acrylic Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Prepared by Multifunctional Monomers (다관능성 단량체를 함유한 아크릴계 점착제의 화학적 구조에 따른 점착물성의 변화)

  • Cho, In-Mok;Kim, Ho-Gyum;Han, Dong-Hee;Lim, Jeong-Cheol;Min, Kyung-Eun
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.226-236
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    • 2010
  • UV irradiated acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives(PSAs) are prepared to be used for thermal pad in plasma display panel(PDP). The effect of the chemical structure of side-chain in comonomer and of crosslinking agent on wet-out property of acrylic PSAs in wide temperature range were investigated. The correlationship between viscoelastic behavior and adhesion properties, such as tack and peel strength, was also studied. The experimental results supported that wet-out and adhesion properties of acrylic PSAs were enhanced inversely proportional to side-chain length of comonomer in wide temperature range. The peel energy clearly increased in acrylic PSAs prepared by using di(ethylene glycol) dimethylacrylate (DEGDMA) for crosslinking agent. The results might be due to the difference in the glass transition temperature and viscoelastic behavior of acrylic PSAs.

Effect of Air Distributor Pore Size in Foam Separator of Sea Water (해수의 포말분리시 공기분산기 기공크기 영향)

  • SUH Kuen-Hack;KIM Byong-Jin;LEE Jung-Hoon;LIM Jun-Heok;YI Gyeongbeom;KIM Yong-Ha;JO Jae Yoon
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.254-262
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    • 2003
  • Effect of the air distributor pore size for the removal of aquacultural waste, such as protein, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) from sea water was investigated by using foam separator. With the increase of pore size of air distributor, removal rates and efficiency of protein decreased. Removal rate by commercial air stone was in the range between the removal rates by G2 and G4 sintered glass discs. Within the range of pore size distributor from Gl to G4, the removal efficiency of protein were ranged from 21 to $42\%.$ The changes of removal rates and efficiencies of TSS, COD and turbidity were similar to proteins. TAN was removed by stripping. The pore size of air distributor for a higher overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient and saturation efficiency provided the condition for higher protein removal rate. Also the foam separator could be used as an aerator.

Development of ultrasonic testing method for the evaluation of adhesive layer of blast tube (토출관 접합계면 평가를 위한 초음파 시험법 개발)

  • Kim, Y.H.;Song, S.J.;Park, J.S.;Cho, H.;Lim, S.Y.;Yun, N.G.;Park, Y.J.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.230-237
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    • 2003
  • Ultrasonic testing method has been developed to evaluate adhesive layers in blast tube for the reliability of the rocket. The main objective of the present work was to find debonding and missing adhesive in epoxy layer between steel and FRP layers. In this approach, the ultrasonic reflection from the interface between the steel sheet and the epoxy adhesive is measured with a high-frequency pulse-echo setup in order to identify contact debonding and missing adhesive. Then, the steel sheet is excited to resonance by low-frequency ultrasound, and the gap size underneath the measuring location is estimated from the resonance responses. For practical application in industry an automated testing system has been developed where the proposed approach is implemented. The performance of the proposed approach has been verified by actual measurement of gap sizes from the cross-sections of cut specimens using an optical microscope.

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Effect of Color Development of Willemite Crystalline Glaze by Adding NiO (Willemite 결정유에 NiO 첨가가 발색에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Chi-Youn;Lee, Byung-Ha
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.598-602
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    • 2010
  • When metal oxides are added into crystalline glaze, colors of glaze and crystals are similar as colorants generally. But the case of NiO in zinc crystalline glaze is different from general color development. When NiO is added to zinc crystalline glaze it can develop two or three colors. The active use of color development mechanism by adding NiO to the zinc crystalline glaze to control color of the base glaze and crystal with stability is investigated. This report is expected to contribute to the ceramic industry in improving application of zinc crystalline glaze. For the experiment of NiO, the quantity of NiO additives is changed to the base glaze for the most adequate formation of willemite crystal from previous research and firing condition: temperature increasing speed $5^{\circ}C/min$, holding 1 h at $1270^{\circ}C$, annealing speed $3^{\circ}C/min$ till $1170^{\circ}C$, holding 2 h at $1170^{\circ}C$ then naturally annealed. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis, and Micro-Raman. The result of the procedure as follows; Ni substitutes for Zn ion then glaze develops blue willemite crystals, as if cobalt is used, on brown glaze base. When NiO quantity is increased to over 5 wt%, willemite size is decreased, and the density of the crystal is increased, at the same time $Ni_2SiO_4$ (olivine) phase, the second phase, has been developed. The excessive NiO is reacted with silicate in the glass then developed green $Ni_2SiO_4$ (olivine), and quantity of $Ni_2SiO_4$ (olivine) is increased as quantity of willemite is decreased. It is proved to create three colors, blue, brown and green by controlling the quantity of NiO to the zinc crystalline glaze and it will improve the multiple use of colors to the ceramic design.

The Characteristics on Ultra Precision Machining for Infrared Optical Materials (Infrared 광학초자의 초정밀 가공 특성)

  • Yang, Sun-Choel;Huh, Myung-Sang;Kim, Sang-Hyuk;Lee, Gil-Jae;Lee, Sang-Yong;Kook, Myung-Ho;Chang, Ki-Soo;Ryu, Seon-Young;Won, Jong-Ho;Kim, Geon-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.253-260
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    • 2012
  • In nowadays, the infrared optics is frequently employed to various fields such as military, aerospace, industry and medical. To develop the infrared optics, special glasses which can transmit infrared wave are required. Ge(Germanium), Si(silicon), and fluoride glasses are typically used for material of the infrared optics. Compared with Ge and Si glasses, fluoride glasses have high transmittance in infrared wavelength range. Additionally, UV(ultraviolet) and visible light can be transmitted through fluoride glasses. There characteristics of fluoride glasses makes it possible to evaluate optical performance with generally used visible testing equipment. In this paper, we used design of experiment to find ultra precision machining characteristic of Ge and fluoride glasses and optimized machining process to obtain required form accuracy of PV(Peak to Valley) $0.2\;{\mu}m$.

The Consideration and Historical Research of Joseon Ladies' Attire in the 15th Century by Analyzing Excavated Costumes and Presents for Lady Han, Gongsin-buin (공신부인(恭愼夫人) 한씨(韓氏)에게 전달된 물품 및 출토복식 분석을 통한 15세기 조선 사대부 가 여성복식 고찰과 착장고증)

  • Choi, Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.66 no.7
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    • pp.171-191
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    • 2016
  • Lady Han, Gongshin-buin(恭愼夫人韓氏: 1410~1483) was Gongnyeo of Ming emperor and sister of Han Hwak(韓確:1400~1456). The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristic of costume presents for Lady Han, and to investigate a part of Joseon women's attire in the 15th century. Most of the presents for Lady Han were native products of Joseon to help alleviate her homsickness, but surviving relics are very rare. The costume-related presents included daily accessories and fabrics such as natural ornaments, embroidered pouch, needle case, wig, wooden comb, portable knife with multi-blades, various colored plain silk [綿紬] and ramie. Also, preceding research analysis of costume relic were combined with study of presents for Lady Han's. The most salient costume of Joseon women in the 15th century was the symmetric collared jacket. In addition, ornamented jeogori, pouch with pine nut stitch, chima, jangot, jangsam, black veil[羅兀] made with ra or jeung, glass beads, paintings of Ming and Joseon can be references. Illustrations show 6 representative type of Joseon women's full attires in the 15th century are as follows. First, is a combination of 'symmetric collared jacket with peacock rank badge, jeoksam, chima, underwear' and 'hoa-a, janga-a, embroidered pouch, needle case, knife with multi-blades: presents for Lady Han'. Second, formal wear focusing on symmetric collared Jacket of cloud pattern. Third, formal wear focusing on multicolor ornamented jeogori. Fourth, town wear with jangot and neoul. Fifth, formal wear with jangsam. Sixth, daily wear focusing on banbi with symmetric squre collar. Accessories and underwear shown in another illustration were same as the first illustration. Results of this study can be used as content for making historically accutate costumes as well as costume education.

A Study for Improving the Vehicle Dismantling and Recycling System of Korea (한국의 자동차 해체·재활용 제도 개선 연구)

  • Lyou, Byung-Woon
    • Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 2016
  • In Korea, the Vehicle Dismantler and Recycler industry is supervised by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport under the Automobile Management Act. Also, Korean Automotive recycling businesses are supervised by the Minister of Environment under the Resource Recirculation Act. The main concern of the Minister of Environment is how the wastes from Dismantled vehicles will be environmentally removed, stored, treated, recycled or disposed. In 2000, the European Union (EU) adopted the End-of-Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) which required Members to ensure the collection, treatment and recovery of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). The Directive, the most tightly regulated and precautionary legal systems, required that the last owner of a vehicle could drop off the ELV at an authorized treatment facility and that the producers of the ELV should pay the cost of the program. The adoption of the ELVs directive has led the development of Automotive Dismantler and Recycler networks to reuse, refurbish, remanufacture, recycle and recover parts and materials embedded in ELVs. Also, the ELVs directive which has had an insignificant impact on Korean manufacturers has strong presence in the European market and has been successfully externalized on them. The Korean manufacturers not only achieve the 85% recycling target set by the ELVs directive but also meet the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) which requires manufacturers to contribute dismantling process. In order to improve the Korean vehicle dismantling and recycling system, the Automobile Management Act and the Resource Recirculation Act should be harmonized. Particularly the roles of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Minister of Environment should be sharply divided. Like Japan, the ELV management needs to be highly centralized, regulated, and controlled by the ministry specialized in Vehicle, namely the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the sub organizations. Like EU Members, recovery, reuse, and recycling must be distinguished. Recovery is defined as the final productive use of the parts and materials embedded in ELVs, which includes reuse and remanufacture of parts and recycling of the other materials. Dismantling process and reuse and remanufacture of parts must be governed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. For environmental recycling or disposal of waste materials, such as CFCs, glass and plastic material, and toxic substances, governmental financial support system should be in place.

The Development of New Diffusive Sampler for Formaldehye in Air (기중 포름알데히드 측정을 위한 확산포집기의 개발)

  • Choe, Mee-heon;Lee, Kwang-Mook;Roh, Young-Man
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.173-186
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    • 1999
  • To utilize diffuse sampling of formaldehyde in air, a new sampler was designed. A glass fiber filter was impegnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNP) and phosphoric acid and mounted 37mm cassette. The formaldehyde vapor was sampled in the dynamic chamber and measured by high performance liquid chromatograph and compared with solid sorbent tube. The results were as follows ; 1. The desorption efficiencies of diffusive sampler between 97.0% and 100%. 2. the sampling rate is constant as in $58{\sim}61.8m{\ell}/min$ when sampling times are between 120 and 360 min. 3. There was a significant relationship between concentrations of diffusive samples and active samples with the coefficient of determination(R2) of 0.92. 4. Desorbed amount of formaldehyde diffusive sampler was increased by high relative humidity. 5. Wheth diffusive samplers were stored at room temperature or at refrigerator there was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of result. 6. When the diffusive samplers, which collected formaldehyde vapor, were exposed to clean air for three hours, there was no significant loss of formaldehyde due to reverse diffusion. In conclusion, this study suggest that developed diffusive samplers will be a reasonable substitute for the solid sorbent tube for sampling formaldehyde and practical comparative study of developed diffusive sampler should be performed at workplaces of manufacturing industry.

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Effect of the oxygen flow ratio on the structural and electrical properties of indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) films prepared by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering

  • Son, Dong-Jin;Nam, Eun-Kyoung;Jung, Dong-Geun;Ko, Yoon-Duk;Choi, Byung-Hyun;Kim, Young-Sung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2010.08a
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    • pp.168-168
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    • 2010
  • Transparent conduction oxides (TCOs) films is extensively reported for optoelectronic devices application such as touch panels, solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs). Among the many TCO film, indium tin oxide(ITO) is in great demand due to the growth of flat panel display industry. However, indium is not only high cost but also its deposits dwindling. Therefore, many studies are being done on the transparent conductive oxides(TCOs). We fabricated a target of IZTO(In2O3:ZnO:SnO2=70:15:15 wt.%) reduced indium. Then, IZTO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with various oxygen flow ratio. The substrate temperature was fixed at the room temperature. We investigated the electrical, optical, structural properties of IZTO thin films. The electrical properties of IZTO thin films were dependent on the oxygen partial pressure. As a result, the most excellent properties of IZTO thin films were obtained at the 3% of oxygen flow rate with the low resistivity of $7.236{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$. And also the optical properties of IZTO thin films were shown the good transmittance over 80%. These IZTO thin films were used to fabricated organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs) as anode and the device performances studied. The OLED with an IZTO anode deposited at optimized deposition condition showed good brightness properties. Therefore, IZTO has utility value of TCO electrode although it reduced indium and we expect it is possible for the IZTO to apply to flexible display due to the low processing temperature.

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Investigation of Color Mecchanism in Co-Doped Augite Purple for Color Glaze (Co-Doped Augite 보라색 유약의 발색기구)

  • Kwon, Young-Joo;Lee, Byung-Ha
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.271-275
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    • 2013
  • Cobalt (Co) compounds have been used for centuries to impart rich blue color to glass, glazes and ceramics. Cobalt monoxide (CoO), an oxide of Co, is an inorganic compound that has long been used as a coloring agent in the ceramic industry. Unlike other coloring agents, CoO can be used to develop colors other than blue, and several factors such as its concentration in the glaze and firing condition have been suggested as possible mechanisms. For example, CoO produces a typical blue color called "cobalt blue" at very low concentrations such as 1 wt% in both oxidation and reduction firing conditions; a higher concentration of CoO (5 wt%) develops a darker blue color under the same firing conditions. Interestingly, CoO also develops a purple color at high concentrations above 10 wt%. In this study, we examined the applicability and mechanism of a novel purple glaze containing cobalt(II, III) oxide, one of the well characterized cobalt oxides. Experimental results show that an Augite crystal isoform (Augite-Fe/Co) in which Fe was replaced with Co is the main component contributing to the formation of the purple color. Based on these results, we developed a glaze using chemically synthesized Augite-Fe/Co crystal as a color pigment. Purple color glaze was successfully developed by the addition of 6~15 wt% of $Co_3O_4$ to magnesia lime.