• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 2009

The glass ceiling is defined as a barrier so subtle that it is transparent, that it prevents women and minorities from moving up in the management hierarchy. Individuals in the minority may perceive the presence of a glass ceiling within their social context, a barrier put in to place by those in the advantaged majority. This study has testified pragmatically the influence of glass ceiling perceived by the female employees of travel agency on their work attitudes(organizational commitment, turnover intention). Data were collected by 202 full time female employees. The results of analysis is as follows: First, it is revealed that glass ceiling has no influence on turnover intention. Second, this study show that the higher glass ceiling is perceived by the female employees of travel agency, the more they have negative influence on their affective commitment. Contrary to our expectation, however, it is revealed that glass ceiling has no influence on continuance commitment. That is, glass ceiling have significant effects on affective commitment whereas the effects are not significant for continuance commitment. Third, affective commitment have significant effects on turnover intention. However, it is revealed that continuance commitment has no influence on turnover intention.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.837-842
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• 2007

Since construction materials have been towards larger and heavier, the rate of accident associated with installation works of heavy construction materials is increasing. Installation works of heavy construction materials lead to frequent accidents, increasing the WMSDs(Work-Related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders) in construction site. In case of installation work of heavy glass ceiling, the rate of accidents such as falling and collision is increasing as well. This paper describes a ergonomic design of working platform(deck) in a glass ceiling installation robot. As well as, a design of working process is considered to accomplish an efficient installation work. As a result of the design, an installation work of heavy glass ceiling by the robot will be expected safety assurance and retrenchment of the construction cost and period.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2002

This paper describes the smoke filling process of a fire field model based on a self-deve-loped SMEP (Smoke Movement Estimating Program) code to the simulation of fire induced flows in the two types of atrium space containing a ceiling heat flux. The SMEP using PISO algorithm solves conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and species, together with those for the modified k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model with buoyancy production term. Also it solves the radiation equation using the discrete ordinates method. Compressibility is assumed and the perfect gas law is used. Comparison of the calculated upper-layer average tempera-ture and smoke layer clear height with the zone models has shown reasonable agreement. The zone models used are the CFAST and the NBTC one-room. For atrium fires with ceiling glass the ceiling heat flux by solar heat causes a high smoke temperature near the ceiling. However, it has no effect on the smoke movement such as the smoke layer clear heights that are important in fire safety. In conclusion, the smoke layer clear heights that are important in evacuation activity except the early of a fire were not as sensitive as the smoke layer tem-perature to the nature of ceiling heat flux condition. Thus, a fire sensor in atrium with ceiling glass has to consider these phenomena.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.3-28
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• 2018

This study focuses on analyzing the glass ceiling effect in arts and culture professionals through the quintile decomposition applied to the RIF unconditional quantile regression and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique. From the industrial viewpoint, we divide arts and culture professionals into cultural contents professionals(large category J industry) and arts professionals(large category R industry). For our analysis, we employ the pooling data of 'Wage Structure Survey' from 2009 to 2016. Our results are summarized as follows. First, as OLS wage decomposition showed that the gender wage gap among the arts professionals was lower than cultural contents professionals, but the discrimination portion of total gender wage gap was larger. Second, from quintile regression decompositions, the glass ceiling effects of two types of professionals showed different results. Cultural contents sector was observed with the "steady glass ceiling effect" as the portion of the discrimination was continuously increased, while the arts sector was observed with the "limited glass ceiling effect" as the discrimination had drastically increased in the 80s and 90s.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.225-232
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the glass ceiling induction factors on the improvement of the job Commitment on the glass ceiling perception and to analyze the effect of the organizational Commitment on the influence of the local medical institute and private medical institute employees. Purpose. As a research method, structural equation model analysis was carried out to investigate the influence relationship of each factor. In particular, multiple group analysis was performed to analyze the difference of influence relations between public and private medical personnel. Respectively. Result, First, empirical studies on the effect of the glass ceiling inducing factors on job Commitment showed that job Commitment was influenced by stereotype and organizational culture, and the magnitude of the influence was different. Second, the employees of the room medical center were influenced by perceived promotion, job placement, education and training, reward, and job satisfaction. Third, in the hypothesis that job Commitment will be affected by the perception of glass ceiling, only the workers of the private medical center showed significant results. Based on the results of this study, it will be necessary to plan policies to improve the perception of the glass ceiling phenomenon and improve its status in order to improve the personnel and system that women workers in the medical field can enter more senior management positions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.376-387
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• 2021

This study is to analyze the research trends related to the 'glass ceiling' phenomenon using big data analysis methods and to suggest social implications. To analyze the research trends of 'glass ceiling', the historical event that broke the 'glass ceiling' was set as an important issue, and keywords were collected by dividing park's term into three. Before, throughout and after, her term. As a result of frequency analysis, research was conducted based on 'public servants' which was selected as the main keyword in the first period, while 'women's work family compatibility' was chosen as the main keyword group in the second period. In the third period, keywords for women's occupational groups were being diversified. As a result of applying CONCOR techniques to make the studied main topics grouped, we were able to confirm that the main issues were the differentiating factors, the customary gender discrimination culture, the jobs aimed for studying, the work-family balance, the glass ceiling and the organizational performance adjustment factors, the public sector, organizational performance, and the private sector. Besides work-family compatibility support system, it was suggested as a social implication that research on improving the system to resolve the glass ceiling factor and to expand the target jobs to give solutions to real-life issues were needed, and also suggested that research on the 'glass ceiling' which the general public perceives through social medias or articles in the news, was needed in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.325-331
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the glass ceiling induction factors on the improvement of the job Commitment on the glass ceiling perception and to analyze the effect of the organizational Commitment on the influence of the local medical institute and private medical institute employees. As a research method, structural equation model analysis was carried out to investigate the influence relationship of each factor. In particular, multiple group analysis was performed to analyze the difference of influence relations between public and private medical personnel, respectively. Result: First, empirical studies on the effect of the glass ceiling inducing factors on job Commitment showed that job Commitment was influenced by stereotype and organizational culture, and the magnitude of the influence was different. Second, the employees of the room medical center were influenced by perceived promotion, job placement, education and training, reward, and job satisfaction. Third, in the hypothesis that job Commitment will be affected by the perception of glass ceiling, only the workers of the private medical center showed significant results. Based on the results of this study, it will be necessary to plan policies to improve the perception of the glass ceiling phenomenon and improve its status in order to improve the personnel and system with which women workers in the medical field can enter more senior management positions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.203-207
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• 2014

According to the advanced study, Increase of ceiling air space could cause increase of floor impact sound by air-spring effect. So in this research, we studied the increase of floor impact sound caused by ceiling air space in apartment buildings. At first, we evaluated the change of floor impact noise in the condition of with or without ceiling air-space. And then we installed perforated ceiling systems and glass wool at ceiling area. we expected that perforated ceiling systems could prevent air-spring effect in ceiling space. As a result, ceiling air space caused increasement of floor heavy impact noise about 2~4dB. But perforated ceiling & sound-absorbing materials system could give us reduction of heavy floor impact noise about 3dB. So this systems could be a good alternative to obey national regulations, because it can reduce heavy impact noise additional to floating floor systems.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-81
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• 2016

This study agrees with the idea that a situation centered perspective provides a useful contribution in understanding women's attitude on organizations. Women's occupational experiences are less related to their "femaleness" than to the structural constraints inherent in the occupational positions women fill. So characteristics of the organizational situation including gender composition and hierarchical status may "shape and define" women's experience on the job. The present study examined the managerial level's gender gap and "glass ceiling" of the corporation. According to Kanter, if the ratio of women to men in organizations begins to shift, as affirmative action and new hiring and promotion policies promised, forms of relationships and corporate culture should also change. However, the mere presence of women on workplace may not, in itself, result in women-friendly work condition. This study analyzes "Korean Women Manger Panel survey(2010 3rd. wave)" to examine how much gender gap of the managerial level persists and when the glass ceiling effect emerges. Using t-test and ANOVA, various aspects of the gender gap within managerial level were verified. The most significant finding is the glass ceiling effect starts from very low level of management. Policy implications from the statistical analysis of the Panel survey are: 1) We need to increase the absolute number of the women managers for securing middle level women leadership pipe line. 2) We need to confront the fact that the glass ceiling starts from the very low managerial level, and to explore more realistic way to break up the vicious circle for the tokenism. and 3) We need to looking beyond numbers in approaching women's matter at work. At the cultural and institutional level, work-family programs and policies, women's ratings of their competence, and family-friendly organization's climate should be considered.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.323-330
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• 2018

This study investigated effects of absorbent gypsum board in the ceiling on low-frequency heavyweight floor impact sound through sound absorption coefficient and floor impact sound measurement. The sound absorption coefficients were measured with sound absorbent gypsum board, glass wool on gypsum board, and a double panel absorbent gypsum board (absorbent gypsum board + glass wool + absorbent gypsum board). Result showed that the absorbent gypsum board had sound absorption coefficient of 0.1 ~ 0.7 from 200 and 630 Hz octave band. The sound absorption coefficient was increased in all frequency range by adding glass wool. Additional absorbent gypsum board increased sound absorption coefficient up to 250 Hz octave band, but decreased over 250 Hz. Heavyweight floor impact sounds were measured in test building for three materials above, gypsum board, and bare slab. Result showed that glass wool on gypsum board and a double panel absorbent gypsum board reduced by 3 dB ~ 4 dB (single number quantity) heavyweight floor impact sound. Comparing with bare slab condition, floor impact sound reduction was mainly found from 125 Hz to 500 Hz octave band, and the maximum reduction was shown in the 250 Hz octave band.