• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1981

In order to clarify the morphological changes in the mammary glands of cows affected with coliform (Escherichia coli) mastitis, histopathological observations were undertaken on the mastitis of the lactating rabbits which was experimentally induced with E. coli or its endotoxin isolated from cases of acute and chronic matitis in dairy cattle. In the bacterial suspension-infused groups the affected quarters of udder showed cloudy swelling, hyperemia and hemorrhage to local necrosis and firmness. The microscopic findings of early stage of the mastitis were appearance of large numbers of heterophils in the glandular lumina and ducts accompanied by degeneration, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial cells, and also infiltration of heterophils, hemorrhage and edema in the interstitial tissue, and destruction of alveoli. Later, proliferation of firoblasts, plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and histiocytes appeared in the glandular tissue and necrotic foci of glandular tissue were surrounded by highly proliferated connective tissue. Granuloma-like inflammatory changes could be observed in the glandular tissue on the 7th days after infusion. The inflammatory response in the group infused with E. coli strain isolated from the natural case of acute mastitis was rapid and severe as compared with that of chronic mastitis. In the endotoxin-infused group the morphological changes were similiar to those of the bacterial suspension-infused groups.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

Trichomes are specialized epidermal structure having the functions of physical and chemical block against biotic and abiotic stresses. Several studies on $Capsicum$ species revealed that virus and herbivore resistance is associated with trichome-formation. However, there is no research on the structural characterization of trichomes developed on the epidermis of $Capsicum$ spp. Thus, this study attempts to charaterize the trichome morphologies in 5 species of $Capsicum$ using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Six main trichome types were identified by their morphology under FESEM. Both glandular and non-glandular types of trichomes were developed on the epidermal tissues of $Capsicum$ spp. The glandular trichome were further classified into type I, IV and VII according to their base, stalk length, and stalk. Non-glandular trichomes were also classified into type II, III, and V based on stalk cell number and norphology. Almost all the species in $C.$ $chinense$ and $C.$ $pubescens$ had glandular trichomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study on classification of trichomes in the genus $Capsicum$ and, our results could provide basic informations for understanding the structure and function of trichomes on the epidermal differentiation and association with biotic stress tolerance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2004

Causative agents of mastitis were isolated from glandular tissues of 101 culled Holstein cow udders and tested with antimicrobials by standardized disc diffusion method. Pathogens most commonly isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci (43.9%) and streptococci (21.4%). Most of the udders (88.5%) showed mixed infections with more than two species of bacteria. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed that 90.0% and 84.5% of the isolated organisms were susceptible to amoxicillin and gentamicin, while most organisms were resistant to erythromycin. Coliforms were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin and tetracycline and streptococci to erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2016

The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare cyst derived from odontogenic epithelium with a spectrum of characteristics including salivary gland features. It occurs more commonly in the mandible and most often in the anterior mandible. Radiographically, most cases present a well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucency with a cortical boundary. Despite no unique or pathognomonic clinical or radiographic features, the lesion shows potentially aggressive behavior. A 76-year-old male was referred to Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital with a chief complaint of slight swelling of the right mandible. Cone-beam computed tomography examination revealed a unilocular radiolucent lesion involving impacted third molar at the right posterior mandible. Slight lingual cortical thinning with suspected perforation was also shown. Histopathologically, multiple areas of cyst epithelium showed a glandular differentiation, resulting in mucoid-filled secretory cells and microcyst. Based on these findings, the final diagnosis was determined to be GOC.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.128-142
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• 1992

Ultrastructure of the poison secreting organ in the spiders, Agelena limbata Thorell and Nephila clavata L. Koch were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The venom glands located its secretory sac portion in cephalothorax and excretory duct in the fang of chelicera are one pair of simple alveolar glands composed of three kinds of basic tissues-outer spiral musculature, middle myoepithelium and inner glandular epithelium. The muscle cells of the venom gland junctioned with the motor nerve endings at neuromuscular contact area are composed of smooth muscle fibers, whereas the myoepithelial cells between the musculature and inner glandular epithelium have compact collagenous fibers within the cytoplasm. The glandular epithelial cells which arranged along the concentrical location are subdivided into basal light cells and apical dark cells according to electron densities of their cytoplasms.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.75-78
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• 2007

The localization of cellulase were investigated in the capitate glandular trichomes of Pelargonium ${\times}$ fragransby a transmission electron microscopy. The secretory cells of capitate trichomes involved in biosynthesis and its secretion. Secretory material is transported to the space between the plasma membrane and cell wall, and subsequently accumulated in the secretory cavity. The splitting of secretory cell wall during the formation of secretory cavity is suggested that wall-forming enzymes, such as cellulase, may contribute to the wall separation process. Cellulase reaction product was localized in the secretory cell, the secretory cavity and in the subcuticular wall of glandular trichomes. Reaction products were present over fibrillar matrix in the secretory cavity associated with both the inner wall and the subcuticular wall.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2011

A purpose of study is to develop optimization and radiation dose exposure reference level by measuring actual radiation dose in condition of quality control of mammography equipment for 39 clinics. The result were as follows. First, we measured T-test separating radiology from general clinic. According to the test, mAs was measured at average 78.58 mAs; radiology at 80.16 mAs and general clinic at 77.22 mAs. And, kerma rate was measured at average 7.71 mGy/mR; radiology at 8.94 mGy/mR and general clinic at 6.66 mGy/mR. HVL was measured at average 0.42 mmAl; radiology at 0.40 mmAl and general clinic at 0.43 mmAl. Average glandular dose was measured at average 1.14 mGy; radiology at 1.09 mGy and general clinic at 1.19 mGy. Second, we measured value of mAs, HVL, processing method and so on dividing two groups. And, we compared and analyzed average value measured using T-test. As a result, there was significance level in SID(P<0.05). There was significance level in mAs(P<0.05). Because processor was measured at 1.00 mGy and CR at 1.17 mGy according to the processing method of radiology. Third, according to the correlation analysis, radiology had significance level between average glandular dose and mAs and general clinic had significance level between average glandular dose and SID(P<0.05). Forth, as a result of regression analysis, mAs affected 22.7%t of average glandular dose and SID affected 21.7% of average glandular dose, which had significance level(P<0.05). And, mAs affected 29.0% of average glandular dose in radiology and SID affected 29.1% of average glandular dose in general clinic, which was most influential.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 2004

Plants of Lycopersicon esculentum, containing various organic compounds, are known to develop idioblasts in their epidermis. Lycopersicon esculentum have long been investigated in many areas, but structural aspects of the epidermis of various organs have not been carried out in detail. Thus, the present study attempted to reveal the patterns of idioblast development, particularly those of the reproductive organs, in L. esculentum epidermis using scanning electron microscopy. The present study mainly focused on patterns of the stomata and trichome types. Two types of stomata were developed in the flowers and fruits: anomocytic stomata (stomata type I) were distributed normally throughout the epidermis, whereas actinocytic raised stomata (stomata type II) were found variously in different epidermal tissues. For the trichomes, both glandular and non-glandular types were developed in the epidermis. The former included peltate glandular trichomes having four head cells (trichome type I) and capitate multicellular glandular trichomes (trichome type II). The latter included non-glandular short trichomes (trichome type III) and considerably elongated trichomes with basal rosette cells (trichome type IV). In paticular, the raised stomata were well-developed in the peduncles and the peltate glandular trichomes were prominent in the sepal and ovary epidermis. Transmission electron microscopy on the ontogeny and ultrastructural differentiation of these idioblasts, associated with the current result, will aid us in better understanding of the structure and functional relationship in the epidermal differentriation of Lycopersicon esculentum.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 1984

In this study lactating female rabbits and strains of coliforms previously isolated from the cases of acute and chronic mastitis in dairy cattle were employed. The pathological changes were observed on the mastitis experimentally induced with the coliform strains and the mamary glands after infusions of E. coli suspension together with dexamethasone, dextran iron or transferrin were grossly and microscopically observed. From the results reported, the following points are concluded. In the bacterial suspension-infused groups by E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Ent. aerogenes, respectively, the affected quarters of udder showed grossly swelling, hyperemia, hemorrhage, focal necrosis and firmness. The microscopic findings of early stage of the mastitis were appearance of large numbers of heterophils in the glandular lumina and ducts accompanied by degeneration, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial cells and also infiltration of heterophils, hemorrhage and edema in the interstitial tissue and destruction of alveoli. Later, proliferation of fibroblasts, plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages appeared in the glandular tissue and with these cells necrotic foci of glandular tissue were surrounded by highly proliferated connective tissue. In addition, granulomatous inflammatory changes could be observed in the glandular tissue from the 7th day after infusion. The difference of the inflammatory response among the groups did not recognized. In the groups infused with dexamethasone and E. coli suspension the inflammatory response was slighter at the inflammatory change with alveolar destruction and hemorrhage was more rapid and severer than E. coli alone. Also in the groups infused with dextran iron and E. coli suspension the inflammatory change was more rapid and severer than E. coli alone and the histological changes were not recognized in the groups infused with dextran iron alone. Reaction of the iron staining was diffusely strong positive within the glandular alveolar lumina in the groups of dextran iron alone, hut was slightly positive toward epithelial cells in the groups of dextran iron and E. coli infusion. In the group infused with transferrin and E. coli suspension, the inflammatory response was tighter, but the peroxidase activity of the heterophils in the glandular lumina was more or less stronger than E. coli alone.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2005

Plant epidermis consists of relatively unspecialized cells and more specialized cells of various structure and function. Trichomes are specialized cells originated from the epidermis and much attention has been paid to the plants developing trichomes with peculiar structure and function. The present study has been undertaken to examine the trichome type noticed in the leaf epidermis of Althaea rosea using scanning electron microscopy. Four types, namely simple, short-and long-tufted, and glandular hairs, were detected in their epidermis. Their Distribution, frequency and structure varied by the development and epidermal surface. The most frequently distinguished type was the tufted ones growing in young leaves of the abaxial epidermis, while the simple hairs were rare throught the examination. The short-tufted hairs branched up to seven times having each branchlet about $160{\sim}210{\mu}m$ in length at maturity. The long-tufted hairs exhibited up to ten branchlets, where branchlets could reach up to $900{\sim}1,000{\mu}m$ long when fully expanded. Glandular trichome was the peltate type comprising $1{\sim}2$ secretory head cells, 2 stalk cells and a basal cell. The short peltate glandular hairs, usually not exceeding $40{\mu}m$, differentiated more along the areoles in the adaxial epidermis. The function of these trichomes in A. rosea has been still obscure, but it has been speculated that they probably play a role in protection; non-glandular ones possibly providing a defense against insects and secretory glandular type participating in chemical defense. Structural features of these trichomes at cellular level will be discussed in the following study of transmission electron microscopy.