• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.478-487
• /
• 1994

The developmental changes of three enteroendocrine cells, i.e. gastrln, somatostatin and serotonin, of gastric and small intestinal mucosa in pre- and postnatal rat were examined by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. In the course of development, gastrin cells were obsenred in the pyloric gland region and the whole part of small intestine, while somstostatin and serotonin cells in the whole gastric gland region and small intestine. More entroendocrine cells were detected in the pyloric gland region and duodenum than in the other portion. In the stomach, gastrin, somatostatin and serotonin ceils were first obsenred in the pyloric Bland region on 17, 19 and 19 days of gestation respectively. The small intestinal gastrin and serotonin cells were first appeared in the duodenum and iriunum on 17 and 15 days of gestation respectively, and somatostBtin cells in duodenum on 17 days of gestation. The number of cells examined from the stomach were increased from fetal to weanling period and showed a decrease during adult period: the notable increase was shown at the end of suckling period or at early weanling period. The cells of the small intestine increased from fetal to suckling period, especially, these cells markedly increased at the end of fetal period or at early suckling period, and decreased from weanling period. The shape of these cells was oval or fusiform during fetal period. In the stomach, most of gastrin cells turned out to be oval and open-type from suckling period, while the remaining two tripes of cells were oval and open- or closed-type. In the small intestine, 311%Ves of cells examined were changed to fusiform and open-type from the end of fetal period. Three types of cell were distributed over the stratified epithelium on 15 and 17 days of gestation. In the stomach, these cells were distributed lower gastric pit and gland from the following fetal period, and were detected mainly on the upper part of gland from suckling period, and then obsenred on the whole part of gland. In the small intestine, most of cells distributed over only between epithelium of villi on 19 days of gestation, increased in number on the crypt from following fetal period, and also observed abundantly in the crypt at adult period.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 1996

Histochemical experiment was carry out respectively to confirm the properties of the salis (Achatina fulica and Incilaria fruhstorferi). SDS-PAGE was carried out to compare and invertigate the distribution aspects of protein patterns between the two species. Five types(A, B, F, H and I)of gland cells with four neutral mucopolysaccharide cells and one acid mucopolysaccharide cells and one acid mucopolysaccharide cell were observed in acinous of Achatina fulica, while six types were observed in acinous of Incilaria fruhstorferi: ond acid mucopolysaccharide cell(type-A) and four neutral mucopolysaccharide cells(type-B, C, D and F) and one cell that acid mucopolysaccharide is only mimbrane that surrounded granule(type-E). The results are follows:The thpe-A fland cell is commonly observed between the two species. The type-A gland cell in Achatina fulica possesses a nucleus with a developed heterdchromatin, and the cytoplasm was filled with round granules. The granules were surrounded with an uncertain boundary mimbrane and confirmed with neutral mucopolysaccharides, but is confirmed acid mucopolysaccharide in Incilaria fruhstorferi.The type-B gland cell is obwerved in the two species, too. The type-B gland cell in Achatina fulica was round shaped, and included an evenly alrge nucleus. The uncleoplasm included granules that were confirmed in the neutral mucopolysaccharides of the two species. The type-C and D gland cells exist only in Incilaria fruhstorferi, nucleoplasm was well developed heterochromatins. The type-E gland cell appears in the acinous surrounded the salivary gland of Incilaria fruhstorferi. Thdse granules appear irregular irregular shape and size and the cytoplasm is formed in alveolar. The type-F gland cells are commonly observed in the salivary glands of the two species. They are similar with the type-B gland cell, but the granular shape is comparatively small and irregular, and possess the neutral mucos granules. The type-H gland cells are mainly seen in only Achatina, and in nucleus is a well developed heterochromatin. The cytoplasm is filled with round small granules with acid mucopolysaccharide for alcianophilia observed. The type-I cell was small cell with an irregular shape and only observed in the gland cells of Achatina fulica. The heterochromatins were developed in the nucleus and the granules are not observed in cytoplasm.Secretory ducts of saliva are composed of the interlobular duct and interlobar secretory duct. In Achatina fulica the interlobular duct consists of a simple cuboidal epithelium, while the endothelium of intralobar secretory duct of Incilaria fruhstorferi consists of a simple squamous epithelium and in the cytoplasm is filled with granules(type-G secretory cell). A SDS-PAGE was carried out to confirm that the protein band pattern consist of salivary gland. In conclusions, five more bands in Achatina fulica and three bands in Incilaria fruhstorferi were confirmed in MW<29 kDa. one main band coincides comparatively with both and is between 29-45 kDa. There are four main bands in Achatina fulica and two main bands in Incilaria fruhstorferi between 45-66.5 kDa respectively. The bands in Achatina fulica seem more complex than in incilaria fruhstorferi.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.843-854
• /
• 1997

Sixteen mammary gland tumors were collected from Seoul National University and Kangwon National University. The average age of the bitches with mammary gland tumor was 10 years. Total 17(60.7%) out of 28 tumor masses observed in 4th and 5th glands. Classification of these tumors according to Hampe and Misdorp were simple adenoma, complex adenoma, benign mixed tumor, papillary adenocarcinoma, solid adenocarcinoma and malignant mixed tumor. Immunohistochemical reaction of the intermediate filaments against normal canine mammary gland showed as followed; anti-cytokeratin 18 was strong and anti-cytokeratin 14 was moderate to the luminal epithelium. Anti-cytokeratin 14 and anti-pancytokeratin to the myoepithelium were showed strong, but anti-vimentin was weak in reactivity. Anti-vimentin to the interstitial cells was represented strong reactivity. The origin of cartilage in mixed tumor of canine mammary gland was studied immunohistochemically with antibodies against intermediate filament. In mammary gland mixed tumors, cartilage tumor tissues were surrounded with the irregularly demarcated three zones composed of adjacent star shaped cells in myxoid areas, proliferative spindle shaped cells and basal located proliferated cells. From basal proliferated cells to star shaped cells, the immunohistochemical reactivity of myoepithelium specific anti-pancytokeratin was decreased gradually and the reactivity of interstitial cell specific anti-vimentin was increased gradually. Based on these immunohistochemical staining patterns, we suggested that the origin of cartilagenous components in canine mammary gland mixed tumor is most likely to the proliferation and metaplsia of myoepithelium.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2005

Purpose : To observe the histopathological changes and caspase-3 expression in the submandibular gland in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after irradiation. Materials and Methods : The male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 gm were divided into four groups: control, diabetes, irradiation, and diabetes-irradiation groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rats by injecting streptozotocin. Rats in the control and irradiation groups were injected with citrate buffer only. After 5days, rats in irradiation and diabetes-irradiation groups were irradiated with a single absorbed dose of 10 Gy to the head and neck region. All the rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after irradiation. The specimen including the submandibular gland were sectioned and observed using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Results : In the irradiation group, the condensed nucleus, karyolysis, and degeneration of the acinar cells and atrophy of the duct cells were observed in the early experimental phase. However, the acinar cells were found to be normal at 28 days after irradiation. In the diabetes group, the condensed nucleus, karyolysis, atrophy, and degeneration of the acinar cells were observed in the early experimental phase. However, the acinar cells were found to be normal at 21 days after diabetic state induction. In the diabetes-irradiation group, the ductal epithelial cells were predominant in their glandular tissues at 28 days after irradiation. In all of the experimental groups, the most prominent change of the acinar cells and ductal cells were observed at 14 days after diabetic state induction and irradiation. Conclusion The expression of caspase-3 in the acinar cells and ductal cells of the submandibular gland was weak after irradiation, but that in the acinar cells, ductal cells, and fibrous cells of the submandibular gland was prominent after diabetic state induction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.463-479
• /
• 1992

The morphological findings of the parotid, mandibualr and sublingual salivary glands of the Korean native goat have been investigated by the histological and histochemical observation using the light microscope. Tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and Bouin's solution, and embedded in paraffin. The tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Heidenhain's azocarmine-aniline blue, alcian blue, toluidine blue, periodic acid Schiff, aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff and aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue. Some sections were stained with the alcian blue after each teatment of diastase digestion, methylation, methylation-saponification, and neuraminidase digestion. The results were as follows ; 1. The major salivary glands were compound. tubuloacinar glands, and the parenchyma was composed of acini, intercalated ducts, striated ducts and excretory ducts. 2. The acini were composed of serous cells in the parotid gland, and mucous cells, serous cells and seous demilunes in the mandibular gland. The acini of the sublingual glands were composed of mucous cells and serous demilunes. 3. In histochemistry, the serous cells of the parotid gland contained neutral mucin and enzyme-liable silaic acid. 4. The serous cells and demilunes of the mandibular gland contained neutral mucin and enzyme-liable sialic acid, and the mueous cells contained sulfated mucin, enzyme liable sialic acid and neutral mucin 5. In the sublingual gland, the mucous cells contained sulfated mucin, enzyme-resistant sialic acid and neutral mucin, and the serous demilunes contained neutral mucin and enzyme-resistant sialic acid.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.257-265
• /
• 2000

Harderian glands are the unique organs in several mammals, which human and non-human primates do not have. We report the ultrastructural changes in the postnatal developmental periods of Harderian glands in Mongolian gerbil(Meriones unguiculatus). Male and female Mongolian gerbils were sacrificed on days 3, 10, 30 and 60 after birth and their Harderian glands were observed by transmission electron microscope. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1. In 3-day-old Mongolian gerbils, Harderian gland was composed of one excretory duct and immature tubules which have two type cells, dark and light cells, identified electron-dense and electron-lucent respectively. 2. In 10-day-old Mongolian gerbils, small lipid vacuoles began to be found in the cytoplasm of the secretory cells of the Harderian gland. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, polysomes and slash were more abundant in the cytoplasm of dark cells than those of light cells. The arrangement of tubules in the gland was much more condensed than that of 3-day-old Mongolian gerbils. 3. In 30-day-old Mongolian gerbils, the secretory cells of the tubule were typically columnar in shape and there was one type cell in the tubule. Most of the columnar secretory cells contained various size vacuoles. 4. In 60-day-old Mongolian gerbils, the Harderian gland possessed the typical structural characteristics of adults. The mature glandular structures were more significant than those of 30-day-old animals.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to observe the microscopic change of salivary gland tissues, which is the cause of xerostomia in diabetic condition: for this target the author injected STZ 0.1ml/100gm b.w. on rat to produce diabetes, and than observed microscopic change in submandibular gland through the histopathologic method, obtaining as follows : 1. All of the experimental specimens suffered diabetes after injection of STZ, but the blood glucose level was irregular. 2. There were not interrelationship between the blood glucose level and microscopic change on salivary gland tissues. 3. The salivary gland changed after diabetes initiation in lapse of times; after 14 days,suffered severe destruction, however after 17 days, it was regenerated. 4. Salivary glands showed congested, destructive acini cells, and hyperplastic ductal cells as well as salivary gland duct-like structures. 5. Then were accumulation of fat granules within the cytoplasm of the acini cells on mucous gland in diabetic condition. 6. According to insulin injection, there were no more changes on salivary gland tissues, even in the accumulation of fat granules. 7. Histological changes of the serous gland were obvious more than the mucous gland in this experimental condition.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.64-68
• /
• 1996

The report of aspiration cytologic findings of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma(EMC) in the salivary gland is extremely rare. We present a case of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) from EMC in the right submandibular gland of a 46 years old male patient. Neck CT scan revealed a confined lesion in the submandibular gland without enlargement of the regional lymph node. FNAC from the tumor showed several three-dimensional cellular clusters with admixed normal acinar cells. They frequently formed blanching tubular structures composed of two type of cells; darker cells haying eosinophilic scanty cytoplasm with round dense nuclei and clear cells having abudant pale cytoplasm with vesicular nuclei at the periphery of clusters. The tumor cells of both types did not show pleomorphism or mitoses. The resected submandibular gland showed an ill-defined whitish firm tumor, measuring $2{\times}1.5{\times}2cm$. The histology revealed an infiltrative tumor showing characteristic two cell types in a duct-like arrangement surrounded by thin basement menbrane. An inner layer of darker cells and outer layer of clear cells were postive for cytokeratin in the former and S-100 protein in the taller on the immunohistochemical stain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.183-197
• /
• 1991

After single fraction of 2, 5, 10 Gy irradiation on submandibular gland of 40 male rats, weighing 150gm, respectively, these animal were sacrificed two hours after 0.1㎎/g bromodeoxyuridine (Sigma) peritoneal injection in 1, 3, 7, 15 hours, 1, 3, 7 days after irradiation. And excised submandibular gland were fixed in Carnoy's and Bouin's solution for 2 hours. Paraffin sections were stained with H&E, and PAS for the observation of the change of salivary gland tissue, and with Feulgen for the study of the DNA distribution, and immunohistochemically stained with anti-bromodeoxyuridine (Sanbyo Co.) for detection of DNA synthetic cells in order to study the distribution of DNA synthetic cells of salivary gland tissue and endothelium after irradiation in 5 different sites of 6 slides on X 200 high power field. The results were as followings. 1. In PAS staining 3 days after 5Gy irradiation, decreased mucine secretion of serous cells were found, and 7 days after l0Gy irradiation, decreased mucine secretion of mucous cells were found. 2. In histopathologic features, degeneration of serous cells were found in 3 days after 2 Gy irradiation and there was little change in mucous cells and excretory duct cells. 3. In Feugen staining, 3 days after 2 Gy, 5 Gy irradiation, more high percentage of DNA synthetic cells were found in intercalated duct cells, striated duct cells and excretory duct cells than in BrdU staining. 4. In immunohistochemical features, DNA synethsis of serous cells and granular convoluted tubular cells abruptly decreased in early period after irradiation and showed no recovery in 7 days after irradiation but there was an increase in DNA synthesis of intercalated duct cells, striated duct cells and excretory duct cells, which have less S-phase cells comparatively, in 7 days after 2 Gy, 5 Gy irradiation. 5. In immunohistochemical features, the DNA synthesis of endothelial cells was continuously decreased after irradiation but showed slight increase in 7 days after 2 Gy and S Gy irradiation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 1985

This study was undertaken to observe the histopathologic changes in salivary gland of the white rats when exposed to megavoltage fractionated dose of cobalt-60 irradiation and 78 female white rats, weighing approximately 180gm, were divided into control and 3 experimental groups. Irradiation on experimental groups was delivered by using 6000 curies MeV ALCYON cobalt-60 teletherapy unit with exposure rate 183 rads per minute, in source skin distance 80cm, 600 rads every 3 days. In experimental groups, Group Ⅰwas irradiated of total dose 1200 rads for a period of 6 days, Group Ⅱ was irradiated of total dose 2400 rads for a period of 12 days and Group Ⅲ was irradiated of total dose of 4800 rads for a period of 24 days. The animals were sacrificed serially at 3 hours, 6 hours, 10 hours, 1st day, 4th day, 7th day after each completion of irradiation exposure. At sacrifice, salivary glands were excised and examined microscopically and electromicroscopically. The results were as follows: 1. The acinar cells of parotid and submaxillary gland showed damage varied with dose, 1200 rads resulted in very mild injury while 4800 rads caused most extensive injury. 2. The acinar cells of parotid and submandibular gland showed similar ultrastructural alterations, appeared as pleomorphic nucleus, decreased numbers and pleomorphism of secretory granules, distention of rough endplasmic reticulum, expansion and pallor appearance of mitochondria, and hypertrophy of Golgi complex. 3. Parotid serous cells were the most sensitive components, displaying morphological alterations of radiation damage as early as 3 hours, followed by submandibular seromucinous cells and secretory tubular cells. 4. The mucous cells of sublingual gland, as well as the whole ductal lining cells of each salivary gland, displayed no significant alterations. No evidence of microvascular injury through whole experimental groups indicated that microvascular impairment does not contribute to early salivary gland injury.