• 대한가정학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

This study investigated the relation between participation in bullying, peer relationship and children's social status. We examined the classified types of social status among 700 fifth and sixth grade elementary schools students. The data were obtained by administering a self-reported questionnaire. Differences were identified with participation in bullying behavior, intimacy friendship and peer support as peer relationship. The collected data were subjected to a descriptive and F-test analysis using the SPSS software program. The results conveyed that social status was different according to the gender difference. Rejected boys presented more bully, reinforce, assistant and victim behaviors. Neglected boys were more victims of bullying. Defensive behavior was more apparent in popular and neglected boys. Furthermore, such boys had high intimate friendships. Popular boys presented distinctively more peer support. Rejected boys represented less intimate friendship and peer support. On the other hand, popular girls portrayed more defensive behavior. However, rejected girls and neglected girls had less defensive behaviors. Victim behaviors were less coherent in popular and neglected girls. Intimate friendship and peer support were mostly apparent in popular girls. Rejected boys represented less intimate friendship and peer support.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2020

Longitudinal studies have shown mixed findings on the association between body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem among adolescents. This study examined the longitudinal, reciprocal influences between body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem among Korean pre- and early adolescents by using nationally representative longitudinal panel data from the Korean Youth Panel Study (KYPS). Analyses based on 2,230 participants indicated that girls' body image dissatisfaction was significantly higher than boys'. The trajectory of body image dissatisfaction increased sharply during pre- and early adolescence, but stabilized afterwards for both boys and girls. Self-esteem deteriorated rapidly initially, but began to recover as adolescent girls and boys matured. Structural equation modeling showed that reciprocal influences between body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem were detected for boys. Body image dissatisfaction among girls predicted self-esteem during the entire period, while the opposite direction from self-esteem to body image dissatisfaction emerged two years later. The present study found that, during pre- and early adolescence, body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem develop in a circular fashion by forming a vicious cycle. Implications for the development of intervention and prevention programs are discussed in consideration of age and gender.

• 아동학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.149-168
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• 2012

This study explored the effects of maternal ambivalence over emotional expressiveness (AEE) and mother-adolescent communication on adolescent depression (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic symptoms and activity inhibition, interpersonal difficulties). Data were taken from 233 middle school students (128 boys, 105 girls) and their mothers. Regression analyses showed varying gender differences in the relationships among these variables. Boys with high maternal AEE had lower positive affect, and higher depressive affect, somatic symptoms and activity inhibition, and interpersonal difficulties, whereas girls' moods were not influenced by maternal AEE. In addition, boys with problems in mother-dolescent communication exhibited lower positive affect, higher depressed affect and interpersonal difficulties, but open communication was not related to any depressive symptoms. The mother-adolescent communication type did not appear to be associated with depression in girls either. Both boys and girls both had less open communication and more problem communication with mothers experiencing high AEE. Problem communication with mothers partially mediated the relationship between maternal AEE and interpersonal difficulties in boys only. Examination of maternal ambivalence over emotional expressiveness provides a deeper context for our understanding of negative family communication patterns and the psychological consequences, especially in mother-adolescent boy dyads.

• 복식
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop pattern of a Upper Garment Prototype for late elementary school aged girls. The body of late elementary school aged girls changes steadily up to the adult and is characterized by its periodic noticeable physical distinctions. This study is selected a test pattern from 3 existing patterns through a preliminary wearing test, conducted wearing tests, and sensory evaluations three times to review and improve the pattern, and presented the pattern of late elementary school aged girls. The research pattern was developed considering aesthetic and functional aspect. The average score of sensory evaluation on appearance was 4.13 for the research pattern, which was higher than 2.74 for the test pattern. The according to the results of verifying significant differences in the test items between the two patterns through the t-test, in the items such as pleats in the line of a waist, the ease of the girth of a waist, the location of shoulder line was superior to the test pattern. The average score of the sensory evaluation on functionality was 4.91 for the research pattern, which was higher than 3.90 for the test pattern. The research pattern is superior to the test pattern in static posture, dynamic posture than the test pattern.

• 아동학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.53-61
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of internal-external locus of control on level of aspiration in Korean Children. The locus of control was measured by means of the Nowicki & Strickland's "A Locus of Control Scale for Children (1973)". The level of aspiration was measured by "Throw Balls into the Basket Game" Sixty internal controlled children(30 girls and 30 boys) and 60 external controlled children(30 girls and 30 boys) were selected among 853 children in fifth grade. For the data analysis, two - way analysis of variance and t-test were applied, Pearson correlation coefficient was computed. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Goal discrepancy score were significantly higher in the internal controlled children than in the external controlled children. 2. Shift value were significantly higher in the external controlled children than in the internal controlled children. 3. School achievement were significantly higher in the internal controlled children than in the external controlled children. 4. There was no significant difference in the school achievement between the children who showed high goal discrepancy score and the children who showed low one. 5. There was no significant difference in the locus of control between girls and boys. 6. Goal discrepancy score were significantly higher in boys than in girls, but there was no significant difference in the shift value between girls and boys.

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mothers' parenting, children's self-esteem, and stress. The participants were composed of 320 elementary school 5th graders (161 boys and 159 girls) from the Seoul area. They completed questionnaires on mothers' parenting, children's self-esteem, and stress. The data were analyzed by means of Pearson's correlation coefficients and regressions. It was observed that maternal warmth was negatively correlated with children's stress in both boys and girls. Children's self-esteem was also negatively correlated with children's stress in both boys and girls. in addition maternal warmth was positively correlated with self-esteem in both boys and girls. It was futher found that self-esteem tended to play a partially mediating role between maternal warmth and children's stress only in boys. Self-esteem tended to play a perfectly mediating role between maternal permissiveness/nonintervention and children's stress only in girls. These results indicated that children's self-esteem plays a crucial role in improving the levels of children's stress.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.251-265
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• 2007

Participants in this study were 1.245 4th and 5th graders and their parents from 8 elementary schools in Seoul, Daejeon, and Pusan. Using the Korean Youth Self-Report (K-YSR), children's behavior problems were measured and assigned to either clinical or normal groups. Between group differences were that the educational level of mothers of internalizing girls was lower than that of normal girls. Girls with internalizing problems had more siblings than normal girls. Parents of both boys and girls with either internalizing or externalizing problems were more rejecting and/or permissive than parents of children without behavior problems. Fathers of children with behavior problems perceived more marital conflicts, while mothers whose children have behavior problems had more negative family-of-origin experiences compared to parents of normal children.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2004

Purpose: To compare differences in BMI, body weight perception and satisfaction, and eating behavior by gender among middle school students. Methods: From 19 middle schools in W city four classes in two middle schools were selected by cluster sampling with multi-stage sampling. A structured questionnaire was answered by 143 adolescents. Results: Differences in BMI between boys and girls were significant (x$^2$=13.15, p=.00l). Boys reported higher ideal body weight than girls (t=6.33, p<.000l), and discrepancy between ideal body weight and body weight perception in girls was significantly greater than in boys(t=-5.0l, p<.0001). There was no significant gender difference in body weight perception but more boys were satisfied with their body weight(t=-4.48, p<.0001). Comparison of eating behavior showed that girls reported high scores in disinhibition (t=-2.29, p<.05) and hunger (t=-2.81, p<.01), while boys reported higher scores in cognitive restraints (t=3.22, p<.01). Conclusion: Interventions to help girls improve body image and satisfaction with body image are crucial. In order to establish proper diet habits and balanced nutritional status for adolescents, educational interventions should address characteristics of eating behaviors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the factors affecting the experience of smoking in middle school girls. A comprehensive analysis of individual and family factors was used. Method: The students in this descriptive survey on causal relations were 433 girls enrolled in middle schools selected by convenience sampling. The data were collected in November-December 2003 and logistic regression analysis was used to build a forecast model. Findings: The findings showed the following, 1) Individual factors such as grade, alcohol consumption, sexual experience and the frequency of exposure to pornographic materials, and 2) family factors such as parental living arrangement were significant factors. Conclusion and Recommendation: The experience of smoking among Korean middle school girls was associated not only with individual factors, but also with family factors, which exert a strong influence on health behavior. There is therefore a need for school-based smoking prevention programs, which deal comprehensively with these factors that influence smoking. It is recommended that a program be developed that will help to control the variables identified in this study along with follow?up study to verify the model.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

This study was designed to examine the effect of five years old boys' and girls' self-concept and leadership on the teacher-child relationship. The participants were 51 boys and 64 girls who were five years old in Jeonrabukdo. The results were as follows. First, in the case of the boys, there was significant relationship between their self concept of language, the parent relationship and an intimate teacher-child relationship. The self-concept of body and the teacher-child relationship of conflict were positively correlated. In the case of the girls, there were significant relationships between the self concept of body, language, the parent relationship, friends' relationship and the general and intimate teacher-child self-concept. The self-concept of mathematics and conflictive teacher-child relation were positively correlated. Second, there were significant relationships among the sub variable of leadership and an intimate teacher-child relationship. However, prosocial leadership, directedness and a conflictive teacher-child relationship were negatively correlated in the case of the boys. Third, the teacher-child relationship was affected by leadership more than the self concept, and prosocial leadership was highly related in boys and girls.