• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.214-218
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• 2001

The mechanisms responsible for the antidiabetic activity of both the white ginseng radix (Ginseng Radix Alba, GRA) and the rootlet (Cinseng Radix Palva, GRP) were investigated. After a four week oral administration, the fasting blood glucose levels in the GRA- and GRP-treated groups were lower when compared to the control group. To elucidate the hypoglycemic mechanism(s) of the ginseng radices, glucose absorption from the small intestine, hepatic hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities, in addition to PPAR-${\gamma}$ expression in adipose tissue were examined. The results strongly suggest that GRA can improve hyperglycemia in KKAy mice, possibly by blocking intestinal glucose absorption and inhibiting hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, and GRP through the upregulation of adipocytic PPAR-$\gamma$ protein expression as well as inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.152-156
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• 2012

This study compared the contents of ginseng prosapogenin depending on the extracting conditions of Ginseng Radix palva(Panax ginseng) to provide basic information for developing Ginseng Radix palva-based functional foods. Our findings show that the content of crude saponin peaked at 18 hours of extraction and when extracted twice at $100^{\circ}C$ (GRP-18). However, the content of total saponin reached its height at 6 hours of extraction at $100^{\circ}C$ (GRP-6) and when extracted twice. On the other hand, the content of ginsenoside $Rg_3$, $Rg_5$ and $Rk_1$ from Red and Black ginseng reached their heights at 18 hours of extraction, followed by 72 hours and 15 hours of extraction at $100^{\circ}C$. And at $100^{\circ}C$ the main prosapogenin of the content of Black ginseng ginsenoside $Rg_5$ and $Rk_1$ reached their heights at 18 hours of extraction, followed by 72 hours and 15 hours of extraction.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.129.2-130
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2003

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2002

The renoprotective activities of white ginseng radix and rootlet were compared in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with diabetes. During oral administration of white ginseng radix (Ginseng Radix Alba, GRA) and white ginseng rootlet (Ginseng Radix Palva, GRP) for four weeks, arterial blood pressure and blood glucose levels were determined at every 10 days. In both GRA- and GRP-treatment groups, arterial blood pressures started to go down after 10 days of administration and maintained throughout the study period. After four weeks administrations of GRA and GRP, diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased with 17% and 9%, respectively. GRA treatment also decreased blood glucose levels after 10 days of administration when compared with diabetic SHR group. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were not significantly different between the groups, except 62% higher value of BUN in diabetic SHR group when compared with SHR group. In the diabetic SHR group, the excretion of urinary albumin was increased significantly when compared with SHR. The level of urinary albumin in GRA treated group was markedly reduced when compared with diabetic SHR group $(67.8{\pm}4.7\;vs.\;131.3{\pm}13.5\;mg/24\;h).$ To examine the effects of ginseng radices on an overt diabetic nephropathy, index of kidney hypertrophy and transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1\;(TGF-{\beta}1)$ protein levels were evaluated. The glomerular and tubular cells stained positive for $TGF-{\beta}1$ seemed to be more abundant in diabetic SHR than in those with SHR, and GRA treated rats showed somewhat less $TGF-{\beta}1$ protein in glomerular and tubular cells when compared with diabetic SHR. Our results suggest that GRA might be a useful antihypertensive and antidiabetic agent with renoprotective effect.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.130.3-131
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• 2001