• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 1994

The acute toxicity of orally administered Yan-Sheng health liquid (YSHL), water extracts from twelve Chinese drugs (Cervi Cornu, Lonicerae Flos, Foeniculi Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Raphani Semen, Bombyx, Ginseng Radix alba, Cinnamomi loureirii Cortex, Epimedii Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus) was evaluated in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice. Rats and mice aging 5 weeks were gavaged with 0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.4, 6.7, 10.0, 66.7, or 100.0 ml/kg of YSHL. No animal died by oral treatment and no toxic symptom was observed in the treated animals during 5 days. The body weight of the treated animals was not significantly different from the controls. The results of macroscopic examination on the organs of the treated animals revealed no abnormal findings. Therefore, it was concluded that YSHL was practically non-toxic when it was orally administered to rats and mice, and its LD50 was suspected to be greater than 100 ml/kg in rats and mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.759-763
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• 2013

This experiment was performed to investigate whether 50% ethanol extracts of the combined-preparation of Longanae Arilus, Chrysanthemi Flos, Zizyphi Fructus and Ginseng Radix alba (CPE) has hypnotic effects and/or enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. Locomotor activity was evaluated using a ambulometer of tilting-type. The sedative-hypnotic effects were evaluated by measuring the sleeping onset time and sleeping time in pentobarbital-treated mice 30 min. after oral administration of CPE and muscimol. The intracellular $Cl^-$ concentration of cerebellar granule cells was estimated using $Cl^-$ sensitive fluorescence probe N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium (MQAE). CPE (150 mg/kg) decreased the locomotor activity, but CPE itself did not induce sleep. However, CPE reduced sleeping onset and prolonged sleeping time induced by pentobarbital (42 mg/kg). In addition, CPE (2 ${\mu}g/ml$) and pentobarbital (2.5 ${\mu}M$) itself did not affect on the chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells, but the combination of CPE and pentobarbital (2.5 ${\mu}M$) increased the chloride influx onto the cells. In conclusion, it is suggested that CPE might augment pentobarbital-induced sleep through the increase of chloride influx.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-28
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• 2017

Objectives : The contents of aconitine in aconiti radix lateralis preparata, purified hot water extract of Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, and purified hot water extract of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata was analyzed to compare toxicity. Toxicity of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata was assessed with a single oral toxicity test on 6-week-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : 1. The contents of aconitine in Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, purified hot water extract of Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, and purified hot water extract of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata was analyzed using the purity test according to the "Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia". 2. 2,000mg/kg was injected for the single oral toxicity test of purified hot water extract of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, and the test was done for a test group (injection) and a control group, each with 5 male and 5 female rats. For 14 days after injection, rats were observed for general symptoms and changes in weight. Afterwards, blood biochemical test, autopsy, and histophathological exam of the liver was conducted. Results : 1. The contents of aconitine was 0.0785% for Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, 0.1510% for purified hot water extract of Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, and 0.1248% for purified hot water extract of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata. 2. There was no death of either male or female rats in both the control group and the test group (injection of 2,000mg/kg). 3. No unusual symptom was observed in both the control group and the test group (injection of 2,000mg/kg). 4. No significant change in weight was observed for both male and female rats in the test group (2,000mg/kg). 5. The histopathological exam of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and LDH showed no significant changes for both male and female rats in the test group (2,000mg/kg). 6. According to the autopsy results, no visible abnormality of organs or tissues was found in both the control group and the test group (2,000mg/kg). 7. According to the histopathological exam of the liver, the effect of the injected material was not observed for either male or female rats in the test group (2,000mg/kg). Conclusions : The contents of aconitine in Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata was lower for decoction of Sambutang-P with ginseng radix alba than for decoction of only Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata. This suggests that ginseng radix alba can dilute toxicity of Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata. As for a single oral toxicity test of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, no abnormal reaction was observed even when the injection amount far exceeded a toxic dose or a lethal dose. Thus, it is deemed that using Sambutang-P at a clinically prescribed dose would not lead to hepatoxicity.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

GD68 is newly developed herb complex prescription. The constituent herbs of GD68 were Massa Medicata Fermentata, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Poria, Zingiberis Siccatum Rhizoma, Crataegi Fructus, Saccarum Granorum, Agastachis Herba, Taraxaci Herba, Perillae Herba, Scutellariae Radix, Astragali Radix, Ginseng Radix, Houttuyniae Herba and Halloysitum Rubrum. The aim of this study was to examine feed value of GD68 in duck. The weight gain of ducks fed with supplemental GD68 high compared to those of the control. The feed intake and mortality of ducks fed with supplemental GD68 low compared to those of the control. The moisture, crude lipid and calorie content of the ducks fed GD68 were decreased, but the crude protein content of the ducks fed GD68 was increased. And we investigated the effect of GD68 on the production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells. GD68 plus concanavalin A (Con A) increased the interferon-$\gamma$ and interleukin-2 production compared with Con A alone. These results indicate that the supplemental GD68 may improve the production, meat quality and immunity of ducks.

• Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the origin, changes and the constructive principles of Hyangsayangyitang (XiangShaYangWeiTang). 2. Methods: Hyangsayangyi-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of pathology, based on "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)", "Donguisusebowon Chobongwon(東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Donguisusebowon Gabobon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)". 3. Results and Conclusions: (1) The origin of Hyangsayangyi-tang is Hyangsayukgunja-tang from "Gongshin Uigamseo(龔信 醫鑑書"). Hyangsayangyi-tang inherited some of the principles from"Euihangangmok(醫學綱目)" Jeonssiyigong-san's (全氏異功散) application. (2) "Gabobon(甲午本)"'s prescription emphasizes the effect of lossen up by using Pogostemonis Herba(藿香). "Sinchukbon(辛丑本)"'s prescription emphasizes the effect of warm up stomach by using Zingiberis Rhizoma(乾薑). (3) Ginseng Radix(人蔘), Atractlodis Rhizoma White(白朮), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥) support Soeumin's spleen root (脾元), and Zingiberis Rhizoma(乾薑), Myristicae Semen(肉豆蔲) warm up stomach, and Pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), Citri Pericarpium(陳皮) circulate Qi, Crataegi Fructus(山楂), Amomi Fructus(砂仁), Cyperi Rhizoma(香附子) encourage digestion to maintain descending Yin.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.545-556
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• 2001

Crude saponin fractions were isolated using non-ionic resin chromatography from Ginseng Radix Alba (PG) and Gynostemmae Herba+ (GP). These saponin fractions were orally administered to strep- tozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 2 weeks and to high-fat diet-induced obese rats for 4 weeks. Treatment with either PG saponin or GP saponin at a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly decreased the plasma glucose level to that of glibenclamide treated or normal groups. The increased plasma triglyceride (TG) level in diabetic rats was decreased by 50% with PG or GP saponin treatment. Combined administration of PG and GP saponins with different ratios (total dose of 1 mg/kg) also had the similar effects on the blood glucose and TG levels with that of PG or GP alone. Treatments with GP (1 mg/kg) or GP (0.5 mg/kg) and PG (0.5 mg/kg) together significantly suppressed the rise in TG levels induced by high-fat diet whereas slightly suppressed the rise in the total cholesterol level. The body weight gain was also decreased both in the two saponin treated groups. These results demonstrate that either alone or mixture of PG and GP have similar degree of effects on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.804-809
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• 2003

Kagam-bojungikgitang is the water extracts prepared from Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix. Angelicae gigantis Radix, Astractylodis Rhizoma alba, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Artemisiae iwayomogii Herba, and Scutellariae Radix. This is a modified prescription of Bojungikgitang, which has been used for the treatment of indigestion, and immunological disease in oriental countries. In this study, the effects of Kagam-bojungikgitang and Bojungikgitang on the production of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were examined using RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both prescriptions dose-dependently reduced the release of PGE2 and expression of COX-2 caused by stimulation of LPS without cytotoxic effect. Kagam-bojungikgitang's inhibitory effects were better than Bojungikgitang in PGE2 production and COX-2 expression. Moreover, Kagam-bojungikgitang also attenuated markedly the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 than Bojungikgitang in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that Kagam-bojungikgitang decreases PGE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages and these properties may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of Kagam-bojungikgitang.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 2003

Bojungikgitang is the water extracts prepared from Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Astractylodis Rhizoma alba, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, which has been used for the treatment of indigestion, and immunological disease in oriental countries. In this study, the effects of Bojungikgitang on the productions of nitiric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were examined using RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with $interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bojungikgitang (10-400 ${\mu}$g/ml) per se had no cytotoxic effect in unstimulated macrophages, but this compound dose-dependently reduced the release of NO and $PGE_2$ caused by stimulation of $LPS/IFN-{\gamma}$. The levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein were markedly suppressed by the treatment with Bojungikgitang in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, Bojungikgitang also attenuated the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (1L)-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that Bojungikgitang decreases the NO and $PGE_2$ production in macrophages by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression and these properties may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of Bojungikgitang.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigative the effects of Gagambojungikgi-tang (GBT), a Korean herbal medicine, on the immune mediators, T cell proliferation and wound healing in the recombinant Sj26 (rSj26) antigen induced atopic dermatitis(AD) model mice. Methods : GBT is the water extracts prepared from mixture of Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Atractylodes Rhizoma alba, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Artemisia iwayomogi Herba, Scutellaria Radix, Lonicera japonica Flos. This is a modified prescription of Bojungikgi-tang, which has been used for the treatment of indigestion, and immunological disease in east-asian countries. GBT was orally administered or externally applied at difference doses. The levels of immune mediators [(IgE, IgG1, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Th1/Th2 cytokines], T cell proliferation, and wound healing in the rSj26 or chemical antigen induced AD model BALB/c were investigated. Results : GBT dose-dependently suppressed the release of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ (Th1 cytokines), IL-4, IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), PGE2 (inflammatory mediators) and T cell proliferation. But GBT increased the production of IFN-${\gamma}$ (Th1 cytokine). Furthermore, A wound healing effect of GBT was similar to external application of dexamethasone. Conclusions : These results suggest that GBT suppresses the inflammatory mediators and regulates the Thl/Th2 cytokines, and promotes the wound healing. Therefore, these properties may contribute to the strong anti-AD effect of GBT.

• Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

1. Objectives This paper investigates the origin, the progressive changes and the constructive principles of Palmulgunja-tang (八物君子湯). 2. Methods Palmulgunja-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of their pathological indications, based on previous literature including "Donguisusebowon Chobongwon (東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Donguisusebowon Gabobon (東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon (東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)" and "Dongmuyugo (東武遺稿)". 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The Palmulgunja-tang most likely originates from Paljin-tang introduced in "Donguisusebowon Chobongwon (東醫壽世保元 草本卷)". Paljin-tang progressively transformed into Seungyangpalmul-tang ("Donguisusebowon Gabobon (東醫壽世保元 甲午本)") and ultimately into Palmulgunja-tang ("Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon (東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)"), a prescription appropriate for usage in the Ulgwang symptomatology (鬱狂證). Also, Seungyangikgi-tang in "Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon (東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)" can be presumed to have been affected by Seungyangpalmul-tang. 2) The variational prescriptions (變方) of Palmulgunja-tang shows increasing Seungyang (升陽) effect in order of Baekhaogunja-tang, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Palmulgunja-tang, and Doksampalmul-tang. 3) Palmulgunja-tang is composed of 8 herbs. Of these, Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Angelicae gigantis Radix (當歸), and Cnidii Rhizoma (川芎) fortify the Soeumin Spleen Element (脾元). Ginseng Radix (人蔘) and Astragali Radix (黃芪) support the ascension of Yang, whereas Atractlodis Rhizoma White (白朮) and Citrus unshiu (陳皮) encourage the descension of Yin.