• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ginseng growth

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Diseases of Ginseng: Environmental and host effect on disease outbreak and growth of pathogens. (인삼의 환경 및 기주조건과 발병과의 관계)

  • 오승환
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.73-84
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    • 1981
  • Effect of environmental factors and host on the growth and outbreak of various ginseng diseases was reviewed Environmental lectors included hydrogen ion concentration, moisture content, temperature, nutrition, and microbiol populations. Age of the ginseng plants in relation to several ginseng disease occurrence was also included in order to formulate the effective control measure for ginseng diseases. Damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia, Pythium, and Phytophthora, greymold by Botrytis, sclerotinia by Scleretinia, and phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora were usually prevalent during the early growing season of ginseng when temperature is below 20$^{\circ}C$, while anthrac se caused by Colletotrichum, alternaria blight by Alternaria, and bacterial soft rot by Erwinia were so during the latter growing season when temperature is above 25$^{\circ}C$. However, the root rot incited by Fnarium and Cylindrocarpon caused severe damages throughout the growing season. Growth range of the temperature for a pathogen was highly related to the corresponding disease outbreak. Hydrogen ion concentration was highly related to the outbreak of sclerotinia, root rot, and red rot. Most severe outbreak of those diseases where the soil acidity was pH 4.7, pH 6.5- 7.5, and pH6.0-6.5, respectively. Nitrogen content in the soil was also related to outbreak of root rot and red rot. More red rot occurred where NH,-nitrogen is above 30 ppm and more root rot obtained when excessive nitrogen fertilizer applied. Yellow necrosis apparently was related to magnesium especially its ratio with potassium or calcium content in a soil. Fusarium Population showed significant .relations to missing rate of ginseng Plants in a Implanting ginseng field, while that of total bacteria showed similar relations in all ginseng field, However, in six year old ginseng fields, the more the Streptomyces population was, the less the Fusarium obtained. Consequently, less missing rate observed in a field where Streptomyces population was high. Damping-off, root rot, Rhytophthor a blight were mose severe on the nursery and on 2-3 years old ginseng plants, whereas sclerotinia, and grey cod, alteraria blight, anthracnose were severe on 4-6 years old ginseng plants. Root rot caused by Fusarium and Erwinia, however, was also severe regardless of the age of the plants when the roots were injured. Therefore, for the effective control of ginseng root rot most careful control of the disease during the early year should be rendered.

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Ethylene Release of Panax ginseng in Relation to Plant Part and Various Conditions (고려인삼의 식물부위 및 여러 조건과 관련한 에틸렌가스 방출)

  • Park, Hoon;Lee, Myong-Gu;Lee, Chong-Wha
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.122-125
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    • 1990
  • Ethylene was released from leaf and fruit but root of Panax ginseng. Root callus showed higher ethylene release (ER) than fruit ER increased with leaf senesence. Fruit during ripening showed decreasing ER in the order of green stage, early stage of reddening and fully ripened stage. between leaves from the plant with fruits in different stages of ripening showed similar trend of fruit in ER but it was about 10 times higher in leaves than in fruits. Leaves of P. quinquefolius showed about 200 times higher ER than that of P ginseng on 22 July Fruits from the plant treated with ethephon showed higher ER after 109 days. Forty-five day-old seedlings grown with various growth regulators showed a significant decrease of stem length and significant increase of ER only in Uniconazole (0.1 ppm) and H-9 (0.0, 5 ppm) solution.

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Isolation and Identification of Adenosine in Fresh Ginseng (수삼에서의 아데노신 분리 및 동정)

  • Lee, Mee-Kyoung;Lim, Sun-Uk;Park, Hoon
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.437-441
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    • 1990
  • The investigation of UV absorbing compounds in saponin fraction of Pnm.1. Kiairnk root was carried out by thin layer chromatography, semipreparative HVLC. l3C, 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry and chemical characteristics in searching plant for growth regulatony substances such as phenolic glycoside. Drying of fresh ginseng at 15 $^{\circ}C$ decreased not only number but also size of UV absorbing sports on TLC. One of the relatively large spots in fresh ginseng was isolated and identified as adenosine, which is subjected for growth stimulatory activity Detection of phenolic glycosides failed in dried root bolt was highly probable in fresh ginseng even with the insufficient amount of sample.

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Effect of Panax ginseng on the Growth and Production of Aflatoxin by Aspergillus flayus (인삼이 Aspergillus flayus의 생육 및 Aflatoxin 생성에 미치는 영향)

  • 이창숙;김종규
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.90-97
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    • 1994
  • This study was performed to investigate the effect of the Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer on the growth and production of aflatoxin by Aspergillus flayus ATCC 15517. Asp. fiavus with 10$^6$ conidia was incubated at 30$\circ$C for 7 days on YES broth containing 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of ginseng extract. After incubation, dry mycelial weight, pH, and production of aflatoxin were investigated. The results were as follows:There was no significant difference in dry mycelial weight by the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% ginseng extract. However, it was decreased to the rate of 13.7% by the addition of 1.0% ginseng extract in 7 days. pH changes in cultures were similar regardless of the concentration of ginseng extract. The pH values decreased to minimum in 5 days and again increased. Aflatoxin production was reduced as the concentration of ginseng extract increased. When compared to the control, the production of total aflatoxin significantly reduced to 56.7%, 54.0%, 53.3% in the media of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% of ginseng extract, respectively. No significant difference was observed among ginseng extract groups.

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Growth Inhibition of Red Ginseng Extracts Against Human Tumor Cell Line by Clonogenic Assay (Clonogenic assay을 이용한 홍삼추출물의 인체종양세포에 대한 증식억제효과)

  • Kim, Chang-Han;Lee, Gyeong-Ho;Byeon, Eun-Gyeong
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.188-192
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    • 1998
  • We established the model of clonogenic assay with human tumor cell line such as Calu-3 (lung carcinoma), HEC- lB (endometrial adenocarcinoma) , HEp-2 (larnyx carcinoma), Hs-5787 (breast carcinoma), K-562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia), SF-188 (brain carcinoma), SNU-1 (stomach carcinoma) and WiDr (colon carcinoma) . We investigated growth inhibition of solvent (EtOH, MeOH) and water (100$^{\circ}C$, 121$^{\circ}C$) extracts from Korean red ginseng by clonogenic assay. The results of clonogenic assay showed that EtOH extract had growth inhibition against Calu-3, SF-188 and SNU-1, MeOH extract had growth inhibition against Calu-3, Hs-5787, K-562, and WiDr, but water extract at 100$^{\circ}C$ and water extract at 121$^{\circ}C$ had not growth inhibition against used cell lines.

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A Convergent Study on Applying a fine bubble to ginseng seedling cultivation (인삼 종묘삼 재배 시 파인버블을 적용하는 융합적 연구)

  • Ahn, Chul-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.8 no.8
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    • pp.191-196
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fine bubble water treatment on the growth of ginseng seedlings. The growth of ginseng seedlings which were treated with general water and fine bubble water was investigated. The above ground part, the growth of leaf was increased by about 10% and the growth of the stem was about 6%, as the ginseng seedlings which were treated with fine bubble water comparing to the ginseng seedlings treated with general water. Root length was increased about 5%, root width was increased about 8%, roots weight was increased about 9%, and dry weight was increased about 7%. This is not because the whole root growth was increased, but the main root growth was increased about 7%. These results suggested that the physical properties of the fine bubble water stimulated the growth of ginseng seedlings. These results are initial study in the case of ginseng seedlings. Therefore, it can be applicable to the 3-5 years old ginseng plants. Further research will be needed to find out the optimal cultivation condition by controlling the dissolved oxygen amount according to the soil condition and the research applied to the ginseng seedlings.

Effect of Nutritional Environment in Ginseng Field on the Plant Growth of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) (인삼재배지의 영양환경이 인삼의 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Jin, Hyun-O;Kim, Ung-Jin;Yang, Deok-Chun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.234-239
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    • 2009
  • This study aims to establish the directions for the optimal nutrient contents determined by soil and leaf analyses. The study is to be used as a source for basic information in investigating the effects of nutritional environment on ginseng growth at the fields of Ansung region in Gyeonggi province. The physical property of soil porosity is closely related to ginseng growth, with more than 50% of good growth in the field. The optimal range of chemical properties in soil was analyzed as 0.20-0.28% T-N, 500-900 mg/kg Av.P$_2$O$_5$, and 2.3-3.5 cmol$^+$/kg Exch.Ca. The optimal range of inorganic nutrient contents in leaves was also analyzed. P value was less than 0.25%, and Mg was more than 0.22%. Other elements were not found clearly. The ratios of N/P, N/Mg, K/Mg, and Ca/P of leaves with good growth in the field showed 10<, 10-13, <14, 1<, respectively. In addition, the Ca:Mg:K ratio of the Exch.cation (cmol$^+$/kg) may be useful as an indicator in the assessment of plant growth in ginseng.

Emergence Rate and Growth Characteristics of Ginseng Affected by Different Types of Organic Matters in Greenhouse of Direct-Sowing Culture (비닐하우스에서 인삼 직파재배 시 유기물 처리에 따른 연차간 입모율 및 생육특성)

  • Park, Hong Woo;Mo, Hwang Sung;Jang, In Bae;Yu, Jin;Lee, Young Seob;Kim, Young Chang;Park, Kee Choon;Lee, Eung Ho;Kim, Ki Hong;Hyun, Dong Yun
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2015
  • Shading and soil environment are the main factors of growth and yield in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Ginseng yield is directly related to survival rate because of increased missing plant for their growing period. Under field conditions, diseases and pests significantly affect plant survival rate. We evaluated the seedling establishment, growth and ginsenoside of the ginseng plants, under controlled management conditions in a plastic greenhouse, when their treated with different types of organic matter. Ginseng seeds were sown at a rate of three seeds per hole, and the seeding space measured $10cm{\times}15cm$. Compared to the control, treatment of cattle manure vermicompost (CMV) was shown to increase seedling establishment and decrease ginsenoside content. Root weights of plants treated with CMV were higher than those of plants treated with other types of organic matter. In addition, seedling establishment of 2-year-old ginseng plants was decreased when it was compared to that of 1-year-old ginseng plants. Our results indicated that organic matter type and rate were associated with seedling establishment, growth characteristic and ginsenoside content in greenhouse of ginseng direct-sowing culture.

Characterization of Cell Cultures and Ginsenoside Production by Cultured Ginseng and Wild Mountain Ginseng (산삼과 재배인삼의 세포배양 및 Ginsenoside 생성 특성)

  • 유병삼;장문식;변상요
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 2003
  • Established cell-line cultures of cultured and wild mountain ginseng were characterized and their abilities to produce ginsenoside were determined. Cell lines were made of calli induced from the roots of wild mountain ginseng and cultured ginseng(Panax ginseng). Suspension cultures of wild mountain ginseng and cultured ginseng showed different growth and ginsenoside production rate. Their specific growth rates were 0.067 and 0.0035 day-1 in spite of having the same sugar consumption rates, where cells from wild mountain ginseng grew almost twice as fast as those of cultured ginseng. Their respective abilities to produce ginsenoside, however, were 0.53 and 2.53 mg/L.day, which means cells from cultured ginseng produced around 5 times more than wild mountain ginseng.

Effect of Concentration and Time of Lime-Bordeaux Mixture on Growth and Disease of Four and Five Year Old Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) (석회보르도액 처리농도 및 시기가 4, 5년생 인삼의 생육과 병발생에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Won Kwon;Ahn, Deok Jong;Choi, Jin Kook;Ryu, Tae Suk;Jang, Myeong Hwan;Kwon, Tae Ryong
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.483-488
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    • 2014
  • Lime-bordeaux mixture (LBM) has been used instead of pesticides in ginseng field and orchard since the 1960's in Korea. In this experiment, LBM was made with different concentrations and sprayed in the field of ginseng for eco-friendly cultivation. Growth characteristics and disease such as alternaria blight, anthracnose, and gray mold were investigated in 4-5 year old ginseng after spraying LBM. LBM caused a little damage on leaf when it was sprayed at the time of leafing stage, late April and early May. Root weights of five-year-old ginseng were 43.1~51.5 g and 41.2~46.6 g in the plot of mid-April and mid-May treatments, respectively. These growth levels were further reduced as compared with that of the chemicals treatment plot. The rate of diseases in the plot of 6-6 and 8-8 ratio were 0.0~4.8% and 0.0~4.4%, respectively, which was similar with that in the plot of chemical control for alternaria blight and anthracnose. However, LBM had little effect on controling gray mold. It showed lower control effect in the plot of 4-4 ratio than that of chemical control. This result will be expected to be a useful guide that can be used in the field to the farmers of the ginseng.