• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2023

This study evaluated cell viability and cytokine release in immortalized human oral fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOFs) and keratinocytes (IHOK) exposed to a dental-impregnated gingival retraction cord. To prepare the extracts, dental gingival retraction cords impregnated with aluminum chloride hexahydrate were immersed in a cell culture medium for 24 h at 37 ℃. hTERT-hNOFs and IHOK were cultured for 24 h. The cell culture medium was removed and extracts of the dental gingival retraction cords were added. After incubation with the extract solution, cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. The levels of the cytokines IL-1α and IL-8 were measured in the supernatants of each cell type. The cell viability after exposure to the extract solution for 10 min exceeded 70 % in both cell types. The ET50 values for hTERT-hNOF and IHOK were 35.75 and 28.98 min, respectively. For IHOK, the IL-1α level was (5.35 ± 5.22) pg/mL at 10 min, (3.58 ± 5.38) pg/mL at 20 min, and (2.85 ± 4.28) pg/mL at 60 min of exposure (p > 0.05). The IL-8 level in IHOK was (67.16 ± 18.70) pg/mL at 10 min, (78.36 ± 7.50) pg/mL at 20 min, and (111.9 ± 26.10) pg/mL at 60 min of exposure (p > 0.05). Cytokine release was not observed from hTERT-hNOFs. Based on these results, cell viability and cytokine release were confirmed in cells exposed to the impregnated gingival retraction cord. In addition, the application of the extracts to hTERT-hNOF and IHOK during the actual contact time and determination of ET50 may be beneficial for evaluating the biocompatibility of dental-impregnated gingival retraction cords.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.217-227
• /
• 2021

Maxillary transverse deficiency often manifests as a posterior crossbite or edge-to-edge bite and anterior crowding. However, arbitrary arch expansion in mature patients has been considered to be challenging due to the possible periodontal adverse effects such as alveolar bone dehiscence and gingival recession. To overcome these limitations, nonsurgical maxillary expansion of the basal bone has been demonstrated in young adults. However, the age range for successful orthopedic expansion has remained a topic of debate, possibly due to the underlying individual variations in suture maturity. This case report illustrates nonsurgical, miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in a 60-year-old patient with maxillary transverse deficiency accompanied by anterior and posterior crossbites, crowding, and gingival recession. The use of MARPE allowed relief of crowding and correction of the crossbite without causing significant periodontal adverse effects.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.164-170
• /
• 2022

Background: When cells are damaged by nicotine, cellular senescence due to oxidative stress accelerates. In addition, stress-induced inflammatory response and cellular senescence cause the accumulation of damaged organelles in cells, and autophagy appears to remove them. Conversely, when autophagy is reduced, harmful cell components accumulate, and aging is accelerated. This study aimed to determine the association between nicotine-induced cellular senescence and autophagy expression patterns in human gingival fibroblasts. Methods: Cells were treated with various concentrations of nicotine (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mM) and 10 nM rapamycin was added to 1 mM nicotine to investigate the relationship between autophagy and cellular senescence. Cell viability was confirmed using WST-8 and the degree of cellular senescence was measured by SA-β-gal staining. The expression of the inflammatory proteins (COX-2 and iNOS) and autophagy markers (LC3-II, p62, and Beclin-1) was analyzed by western blotting. Results: The cell viability tended to decrease in a concentration-dependent manner. COX-2 showed no concentration-dependent expression and iNOS increased in the 0.5 mM nicotine treated group. The degree of cellular senescence was the highest in the 1 mM nicotine treatment group. In the group treated with rapamycin and nicotine, the conversion ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I was the highest, that of p62 was the lowest, and the level of Beclin-1 proteins was significantly increased. Furthermore, the degree of cellular senescence was reduced in the group in which rapamycin was added to nicotine compared to that in the group treated with nicotine alone. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that autophagy activated in an aging environment reduces cellular senescence to a certain some extent.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.471-482
• /
• 2000

Recent studies have demonstrated that smoking may be one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal disease. Reports have indicated that smoking causes gingival blood flow to be decreased. However, studies on the effects of smoking on gingival blood flow have yielded contradictory results. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of smoking on gingival blood flow. One hundred volunteers(fifty non-smokers and fifty smokers) with good general and periodontal health, aged twenties(non-smoker : 22-29 years, mean=25.36, smoker : 23-29 years, mean=26.64) were selected. Laser Doppler flowmetry (floLAB, Moor Instruments Ltd., England) was applied to measure the gingival blood flow of interdental papilla, marginal gingiva, attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa of left and right upper lateral incisors. In smokers, following an overnight abstinence from smoking, gingival blood flow was measured before smoking, immediately after smoking, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6- hour after smoking from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. The difference of blood flow in each tissue of non-smokers and that of each measuring time and each tissue of smokers were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey test. And the difference of blood flow between smokers and nonsmokers in each tissue was statistically analyzed by t-test. The results were as follows : 1. Mean blood flow was highest in alveolar mucosa, followed by interdental papilla, attached gingiva and marginal gingiva in both smokers and nonsmokers. There was a statistically significant difference in each tissue(p<0.05) . 2. There was no consistent result between mean blood flow before smoking in smokers and that of nonsmokers in each tissue. 3. There was a statistically significant difference between gingival blood flow at measuring time point and gingival blood flow of smokers in each tissue(p<0.05). The present study suggested that smoking could alter the gingival blood flow, thus might be partly contributed to periodontal destruction.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.695-701
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19-induced household economic deterioration on gingival pain and bleeding. Methods: Data from the 16th Adolescent Health Behavior Survey 2020 were used. A total of 57,925 adolescents were included in this cross-sectional study. We evaluated the worsening of the COVID-19-induced household economic situation, gingival pain, and bleeding. All surveys were assessed in a subjective non-face-to-face online interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of gingival pain and bleeding symptoms in the study population was 19.2%. People with COVID-19 were more likely to suffer from gingival pain and gingival bleeding than those who did not have economic deterioration due to COVID-19. There was no economic deterioration due to COVID-19 (aOR=1.048, 95% CI=1.034-1.227) and worsened very much (aOR=1.358, 95% CI=1.164-1.585). Conclusions: There were more cases of gingival pain and gingival bleeding, which are early symptoms of periodontal disease, in patients with COVID-19 compared to cases without deterioration of the household economic situation due to COVID-19. It is necessary to measure and study gingival bleeding objectively rather than relying on self-reports.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in oral health-related quality of life among elderly people aged over 65 years, in terms of physical, mental and oral health status and to analyze factors affecting their oral health-related quality of life. Methods: From May 9 to June 23, 2017, we randomly visited aged-care community centers in the metropolitan area, and recruited 222 elderly, aged 65 or older. First, each participant completed a questionnaire consisting of 4 general items: 1 systematic disease, and 3 subjective oral conditions. Afterwards, the researchers interviewed the participants to assess their mental status, using MMSE-DS and recorded the responses. Finally, an oral examination was performed to determine the number of remaining teeth. The average oral health-related quality of life according to each characteristic was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis were used to analyze the correlations between factors and the factors affecting oral health-related quality of life. Results: The mean oral health-related quality of life was 4.15. Participants with 20 or more remaining teeth demonstrated better oral health-related quality of life than those with 19 or less teeth. Higher oral health-related quality of life was also found among elderly without gingival bleeding, self-reported halitosis and dry mouth. In addition, positive correlation with the number of remaining teeth and negative correlation with gingival bleeding, self-reported halitosis and dry mouth, were noted. Finally, the results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that remaining teeth, gingival bleeding, self-reported halitosis and education were influential factors in determining the oral health-related quality of life among the elderly. Conclusions: The results of this study confirmed the necessity of better policy support, and the importance of implementing delivered, elderly-centered oral health education program by professionals to prevent tooth loss and manage periodontal diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2021

The attractiveness of the gingiva is determined by its color, shape, and the shape and location of the boundary between the teeth and the gingival tissue. The standards beauty, balance, and health of the gingiva are all different, but the general public would agree that a coral pink gingiva is more beautiful than black or brown gingiva. Hence, one would be able to smile more confidently in public if he or she receives a gingival pigmentation removal surgery that changes the color of black or brown gums to a beautiful pink color with relative simplicity. The color of one's gingiva varies from pale pink to deep bluish purple, depending on many health components. The most prominent among these include the vascular supply, epithelial thickness, the degree of keratinization, and the presence of pigment in the epithelium. Melanin, carotene, reduced hemoglobulin, and oxyhemoglobulin are the main pigments contributing to the normal color of the oral mucosa. The health of one's gingival tissue are essential for an attractive smile. Excessive melanin deposits in the basal and early basal layers of the epithelium stored in the form of melanosomes frequently cause pigmentation. Although there are many different procedures to remove this pigmentation, the it was removed using the Er;YSGG laser. It is my wish that, through this case study, many people

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.84-93
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an essential oil mouthrinse with gingival massage on oral health in community indwelling elderly. Method: The subjects were composed of 61 healthy elderly at a Senior Welfare Center in J city. Thirty subjects in the experimental group were given toothbrushing education ongingival massage toothbrushing with an essential oil mouthrinse for 2 weeks(4 times per day, 3 minutes per session). The 31 subjects in the control group were given toothbrushing education ongingival massage toothbrushing. The effects of the treatment were measured by salivary pH, salivary IgA level, halitosis, oral subjective symptoms, and oral self care behavior scores before, right after and 2 weeks after the experiment. Results: Salivary pH was significantly increased(p=0.018) in the experimental group. Salivary IgA levels were not significantly different between the experimental and control groups; however, IgA levels of the experimental group were significantly increased(p=0.006) after time had passed. Halitosis was significantly decreased(p=0.002) in the experimental group. Oral subjective symptom scores were significantly decreased(p=0.000) and oral self care behavior scores were significantly increased(p=0.000) in the experimental group. Conclusion: Regular gingival massage toothbrushing with an essential oil mouthrinse could be an effective oral health nursing intervention for the elderly.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.406-417
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated whether the placement of ribose cross-linked collagen (RCLC) membranes without primary soft tissue closure predictably resulted in sufficient alveolar ridge preservation in contained and non-contained extraction sockets. Methods: Membranes were positioned across extraction sockets, undermining full-thickness flaps, and the gingival margins were fixed by double-interrupted sutures without crossed horizontal mattress sutures for 1 week. In non-contained sockets, a bone substitute was used to support the membrane within the bony envelope. Radiographs and clinical images obtained 4 months later were analyzed by ImageJ software using non-parametric tests. Results: In 18 patients, 20 extraction sockets healed uneventfully and all sites received standard-diameter implants (4.1, 4.8, or 5.0 mm) without additional bone augmentation. Soft tissues and the muco-gingival border were well maintained. A retrospective analysis of X-rays and clinical photographs showed non-significant shrinkage in the vertical and horizontal dimensions (P=0.575 and P=0.444, respectively). The new bone contained vital bone cells embedded in mineralized tissues. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this pilot study, open healing of RCLC membranes may result in sufficient bone volume for implant placement without additional bone augmentation in contained and non-contained extraction sockets.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.19-19
• /
• 1975