• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제22권11호통권186호
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• pp.953-960
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• 1984

The author applied the attachment fixation overdenture on the patient whose residual alveolar ridge height was poor to increase mechanical denture retention, and observed the periodontal condition of the abutment roots after insertion of attachment fixation overdenture. The author obtained the conclusions as follows; 1. Attachment fixation overdenture showed better mechanical retention than conventional overdenture did, but it resulted unfavorable crown-root ratio. 2. Within one year after insertion, there were not significant changes in periodontal health, which was indicated by plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, tooth mobility gingival hyperplasia and alveolar bone change. 3. Mild periodontal thickening was observed. 4. This study emphasized the importance of adequate follow-up care and home care instructions.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 1994

It has been believed that antioxidant enzymes such as CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase protect the tissue from damage resulting from the oxygen derived free radicals($O_2\;^-$, $H_2O_2$ and OH ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between activity of antioxidant enzymes including CuZn- and Mn- superoxide dismutase and catalase and inflammatory periodontal disease and periodontal parameters. For this study, the patients were classified into normal, gingivitis, adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis, and then their papillary bleeding index(PBI) and probing depth were checked. Gingival tissues were surgically obtained from the patients during periodontal surgery, extraction, and clinical crown lengthening procedure. The activity of CuZn- and Mn- superoxide dismutase and catalase in the gingival tissues was measured by using UV-spectrophotometer by the same methods as Crapo et al. And Aebi did, respectively. The results were as follows : 1. CuZn- and Mn- and total-superoxide dismutase activity were significantly low in rapidly progressive periodontitis group in comparison to normal group (P<0.05). 2. In comparison of the antioxidant enzyme activity according to papillary bleeding index group(PBI), Mn-superoxide dismutase activity only was significantly lower in PBI 2, 3, and 4 groups than PBI 0 group(P<0.05). 3. Superoxide dismutase activity failed to show any significant difference according to probing depth. But significant]y high catalase activity was shown in deep pocket group (${\ge}7mm$)(P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase among the antioxidant enzymes may reflect the inflammatory status of gingival tissue and that the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase may be one of responsibe factors for progression of rapidly progressive periodontitis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.377-388
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• 1998

This double-blind controlled clinical and microbiological study was carried out to determine the effects of mouthwash preparation containing the mixture of herbal extract on developing plaque and gingivitis in the experimental gingivitis model. Following a 2-week normalization period, 34 dental students were distributed randomly into 1 of 3 treatment groups. They rinsed, under supervision, two times daily for 3 weeks with either normal saline(CT), 0.1% chlorhexidine(CH), or the mixture of herbal extract (HT), but refrained from any oral hygiene measures. The Plaque Index(PlI), the Gingival Index(GI), and the amount of Gingival Crevicular Fluid(GCF) were measured at week 0,1,2, and 3 of the experimental period, while the assessment of total wet weight of plaque and the phase contrast microscopic examination of plaque were performed at the end of experimental period(3 weeks). Subjects using mouthrinse preparation containing the mixture of herbal extract demonstrated negligible, if any, changes in the accumulation and microbial composition of plaque compared to those using normal saline, while the reduction of gingival inflammation by this mixture was highly significant and comparable to that of chlorhexidine. The results of this study indicate that the preparation containing the mixture of herbal extract do not provide any antiplaque benefits but is very effective in inhibiting the development of and in reducing existing experimental gingivitis when used as mouthrinse. Further research is needed to determine whether a significant reduction of gingival inflammation without a concomitant decrease in plaque accumulation is of clinical importance.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.455-465
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• 2022

Purpose: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that alter the host's response to microbial pathogens. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease that affects the incidence and severity of periodontal diseases. This study investigated the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34) in patients with stage III grade C periodontitis (SIII-GC-P) and stage III grade C periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (SIII-GC-PD). Methods: In total, 72 individuals, including 24 periodontally healthy (PH), 24 SIII-GC-P, and 24 SIII-GC-PD patients, were recruited for this study. Periodontitis patients (stage III) had interdental attachment loss (AL) of 5 mm or more, probing depth (PD) of 6 mm or more, radiographic bone loss advancing to the middle or apical part of the root, and tooth loss (<5) due to periodontal disease. Radiographic bone loss in the teeth was also evaluated; grade C periodontitis was defined as a ratio of the percentage of root bone loss to age greater than 1.0. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and clinical AL were used for clinical periodontal assessments. GCF samples were obtained and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: All clinical parameters-PD, AL, GI, BOP, and PI-were significantly higher in the SIII-GC-PD group than in the PH and SIII-GC-P groups for both the full mouth and each sampling site (P<0.05). The total IL-34 and CSF-1 levels were significantly higher in the SIII-GC-PD group than in the PH and SIII-GC-P groups (P<0.05), and there were significant differences between the periodontitis groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that IL-34 and CSF-1 expression increases in patients with SIII-GC-PD. CSF-1 was associated with the inflammatory status of periodontal tissues and T2DM, while IL-34 was associated only with T2DM.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.457-468
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• 2006

정상인과 정신지체인 그리고 다운증후군 환자에서 치주상태 및 치주질환 원인균의 출현율을 비교 평가하고자 정상 학생 65명과 정신지체를 가진 학생 34명, 다운증후군을 가진 학생 28명, 총 127명을 조사대상으로 치태지수와 치은지수를 측정하고 치은연하 치태에 존재하는 Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia(B. forsythus), Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomyce temcomitans 균을 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 검사하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 치태지수와 치은지수는 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군에서 정상인군보다 높았다. 2. 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군은 정상인군에 비해 치주질환 원인균의 출현율이 높았으며 특히 P. gingivalis와 T. denticola. A. actinomycetemcomitans가 유의한 차이를 보였다. 다운증후군 환자군과 정신지체인군의 비교시 치주질환 원인균의 출현율은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. 연령별 비교시 정상인군의 P. gingivalis는 14세이상군에서 크게 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군에서 P. gingivalis는 정상인군보다 조기에 더 높은 비율로 출현하였으며 연령의 증가에 따라 증가양상을 보였다. T. denticola, A. actinomycetemcomitans는 정상인군보다 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군에서 모든 연령대에서 높은 비율을 보였다. 4. 치태지수는 T. denticola와 유의한 관련성이 있었으며, 치은지수는 T. denticola, A. actinomycetemcomitans와 높은 관련성을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군은 정상인군보다 치태지수, 치은지수가 더 높았으며, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, A. actinomycetemcomitans의 출현율에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 다운증후군 환자군과 정신지체인군은 치주질환 원인균이 어린 시기부터 매우 높게 출현하였으며, 두 군간에는 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2021

Purpose: The present study was undertaken to examine whether periodontal probe visibility (PV) accurately reflects gingival thickness (GT) and to identify factors affecting PV using cluster and multivariate analyses. Methods: The clinical characteristics of the maxillary central incisors (n=90 subjects) were examined. Clinical photographs, sex, PV, probing depth, gingival width, papilla height, GT as measured with an ultrasonic device, and the ratio of crown width to crown length were recorded. Multivariate analysis, using multinomial baseline-category logistic regression, was used to identify factors predictive of PV. Cluster analysis was used to identify gingival biotypes. Results: In the multivariate analysis, sex was the only significant predictor of PV (odds ratio, 6.48). Two clusters of subjects were created based on morphometric parameters. The mean GT among cluster A subjects was significantly lower than that among cluster B subjects (P=0.015). No significant difference was found between cluster A and B subjects in terms of PV score (P=0.583). Conclusions: Periodontal PV was not associated with GT as measured directly using an ultrasonic device. Sex was a highly significant predictor of periodontal PV. GT was found to be correlated with morphological characteristics of the periodontium.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. The aim of the present clinical study was to explore the adjunctive effect of ozonized water irrigation in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers for the full-mouth decontamination of patients with periodontitis Stage I or II. Methods: The study was a randomized, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial. The test group (n=25) was treated with ultrasonic scalers irrigated with ozonized water, whereas the control group (n=25) received normal tap water irrigation within the ultrasonic scalers used during the professional mechanical debridement. Full mouth plaque score, bleeding score, probing pocket depth, and the gingival index were evaluated at baseline, two, and 4 weeks after treatment. The pain perceived and dental anxiety were also assessed after treatment by means of the visual analog scale (VAS). Results: All periodontal parameters resulted in significant improvement for both study groups. The effect of the treatment group on the gingival index was significant, in particular, patients in the test group experienced a greater reduction in this score. No significant differences could be observed with regards to the average probing depth, full mouth plaque index and bleeding score. Patients treated with ozonized water running in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers displayed also lower scores for pain and dental anxiety. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant clinical effect on gingival inflammation attributable to adjunctive ozone irrigation during nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Further studies, including patients with severe periodontitis and greater sample sizes, are recommended to test the clinical effect of ozonized water in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.631-646
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to access the clinical effects of C31G, Listerine and CPC on the earlyx periodontitis when they were used as a adjunctives to the mechanical plaque control. Each groups were composed of 12 patients and in three test groups, C31G(Exp 1 group), Listerine(Exp 2 group) and CPC mouthrinse(Exp 3 group) were used three times a day. and as a control, placebo solution was used. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, pocket depth and loss of attachment were measured as clinical parameters. After scaling and oral hygiene instruction, root planing is done two weeks later. During the eight weeks of experimental period, mouth gargling is done by all groups. The changes in the clinical parameters of the all sites were monitored every two weeks. The results were as follows : 1. The plaque index showed a siginificant difference in Exp 1 group compared with test 2 group after 2 weeks use of mouth rinse(P<0.05). 2. The gingival index showed a significant difference in Exp 1 group compared with baseline value(P<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the groups after 2 weeks use of mouthrinse (P<0.05). 3. The plaque index, gingival index and bleeding index showed a significant difference in all groups compared with baseline value after 4 weeks of root planing and mouthrinse use(P<0.05). but there was no significant difference between the groups(P<0.05). 4. Periodontal pocket depth showed a significant difference in all groups compared with baseline value after 4 weeks of root planing and mouthrinse use(P<0.05). and there was significant difference between the Exp 1 group and control group(P<0.05). 5. Loss of attachment showed a significant difference in all Exp groups compared with baseline value after 4 weeks of root planing and mouthrinse use(P<0.05). and there was significant difference between the Exp 1 group and control group(P<0.05). The results suggest that C31G, Listerine and CPC were effective for early periodontitis as a adjunctive to mechanical plaqe control.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.508-515
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• 2017

본 연구는 건강한 성인 33명을 대상으로 예방관리프로그램의 핵심인 PMTC를 활용하여 구강건강의 변화를 치면세균막지수와 치은염지수를 통하여 관찰하여 최적의 관리주기를 찾아보고자 연구를 실시한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 주기에 따른 치면세균막관리점수와 치은염지수를 비교한 결과, 4차 방문에서 가장 구강위생관리가 잘되고 있는 것으로 나타났고 치은염지수도 가장 좋게 나타났다(p<0.05). 하지만 3개월 follow-up에서 구강위생상태는 나빠졌다(p<0.05). 그러나 3개월, 6개월 follow-up에서는 1차 방문보다 구강위생이 향상된 상태를 보였다(p<0.05). 이는 매주 반복된 구강위생관리학습에서는 효과를 보였으나 올바른 구강위생관리능력이 배양되지 않은 상태에서 이행된 계속관리주기는 적절하지 못하였다. 하지만 예방관리프로그램의 효과는 있음을 확인할 수 있었고 재교육의 중요성을 인지할 수 있는 결과였다. 둘째, 평균 치은염지수에서 1차 방문부터 3차 방문으로 이행될수록 치은염지수의 차이가 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 그러나 4차 방문의 치은염지수는 3차 방문보다 개선되지 않은 경향을 보였다(p>0.05). 이는 PMTC를 3회 이상 적용하였을 때 잇몸건강에 효과가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 연구 종료 후 문진 결과, 프로그램 경험에 따른 피험자들의 구강위생상태와 잇몸건강에 영향을 미치는 동기부여방법은 1차 방문에서는 '위상차현미경', follow-up에서는 '평가지수'가 구강위생관리력을 향상시키는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 피험자들의 54.5%가 프로그램 경험 후 1개월 단위를 추천하는 적정 관리주기로 응답하였다. 이상의 결과에서 PMTC 중심의 예방관리프로그램의 운영은 구강위생상태를 개선하는 데 효과가 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 4차 방문과 계속관리를 비교한 연구결과와 프로그램 경험 후 문진에서 조사된 피험자들의 응답을 통하여 올바른 구강위생관리능력이 배양되지 않은 상태에서의 적정 관리주기는 1개월인 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 예방관리프로그램의 경험에 따른 문진에서 피험자들의 구강위생관리력에 영향을 미치는 동기부여방법으로 위상차현미경과 평가지수가 구강위생관리력을 향상시키는 경향을 보이는 것으로 조사되어 위상차현미경의 사용과 구강위생상태의 평가는 필요하며 평가된 내용을 문자 전송하는 방식의 도입 또한 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 그래서 향후 추가 연구에서는 환자의 특성에 따른 구강위생관리를 위한 태도 변화를 유도하기 위한 학습기간에 대한 연구를 통하여 적정 관리주기에 대한 심도 있는 연구는 필요하리라 생각된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2013

본 연구는 생활습관과 치주건강상태의 관련성을 파악하여 올바른 생활습관을 통한 치주질환의 예방 및 유지를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 실시되었다. 연구대상은 일부지역 치과의원에 내원한 40~50대 성인 남녀 총 326명을 대상으로 하여 구조화된 설문지와 치주건강상태를 측정하여 조사 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 흡연여부는 치은염 지수(p<0.01), 치주낭 깊이(p<0.001), 임상적 부착소실(p<0.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 2. 일일 흡연량은 치은염 지수(p<0.05), 치주낭 깊이(p<0.01), 임상적 부착소실(p<0.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 흡연기간은 치은염 지수(p<0.05), 치주낭 깊이(p<0.01), 임상적 부착소실(p<0.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4. 음주주기는 치은염 지수(p<0.05), 임상적 부착소실(p<0.05)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 5. 흡연을 하는 경우(p<0.05) 임상적 부착소실에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과에서 치과진료기관은 환자들에게 건강한 치주상태를 예방 및 유지하기 위해서는 과도한 흡연과 음주는 치주건강상태에 영향을 미친다는 사실을 인식시킬 필요가 있으며 더불어 체계적인 금연과 절주를 위한 교육프로그램 개발이 마련되어야 할 것이다.