• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2009

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and topiramate (TPM) is one of the most effective drugs that can render patients seizure-free. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the immunological safety of TPM in a mouse model. We examined the in vitro effect of TPM on immune functions of BV2 microglial cells, RAW 264.7 macrophages, B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells. We also examined the in vivo effect of TPM on mouse immune organs, such as lymph node, spleen, and thymus. When cells were directly treated with TPM at concentrations from 1 to $30{\mu}g/ml$, TPM did not affect nitrite production by BV2 cells and macrophages, proliferation of B cells and T cells, or maturation of dendritic cells. In addition, TPM did not change the weight and cellularity of lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus in vivo at doses from 3 to 100 mg/kg injected i.p. into mice once a day for 4 consecutive days. These data showed that TPM, which is widely used as an anti-epileptic drug, is immunologically safe.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2021

Purpose : To compare the immediate effects of air stacking maneuver using resuscitator bags and balloons. Methods : Twenty healthy young adults participated in this study. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak cough flow (PCF) tests were performed at pre-intervention, and then, the maximum insufflation capacity (MIC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and peak cough flow (PCF) were measured using the air stacking maneuver via resuscitator bags and balloons. Interventions were randomly performed, and a 40-min break was provided between interventions. The evaluation process in this study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2019. To compare the three outcomes measured at pre-and post-interventions, repeated measures analysis of variance was performed. Results : A significant difference was found in the MIC, FEV1, PEF, and PCF after the air stacking maneuver using resuscitator bags and balloons, whereas no significant difference was observed between resuscitator bags and balloons. Conclusion : No significant difference was found in the immediate effect of the air stacking maneuver using resuscitator bags and balloons in this study. Air stacking maneuver using balloons can increase the success rate of the techniques by providing visual feedback on the amount of air insufflation when performed with balloon blowing exercise. Balloons are cheaper and easier to buy compared to manual resuscitator bags; therefore, education on the air stacking maneuver using balloons will have a positive effect on pulmonary rehabilitation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to objectively and systematically investigate the effect of Kinesio taping by organizing and analyzing the research results using effect size. Methods: A total of 1,000 papers was searched, and 100 of them were selected the first time. Afterward, the effects of taping were analyzed and classified papers that studied balance, muscle strength, and pain, and finally 34 papers were selected. The effect size was calculated using the Effect Size Calculators (University of Colorado, USA) program. Statistical analysis was performed by using PASW Statistics software version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were used to obtain the effect size and confidence interval for each group. Results: In a study related to balance control ability, the effect size was 1.519 in the young subjects group (20-39 years old), and the effect size in the elderly group (65 years or older) was 0.360. In a study related to muscle strength, the effect size was 0.469 in the group of young subjects and 0.250 in the middle-aged group (40-65 years old), and the effect size of the elderly group was 0.848. In the study related to pain control, the effect size was 0.469 in the young group, the effect size of the middle-aged group was 0.972, and the effect size of the elderly group was 1.040. Conclusion: Kinesio taping differed in the degree of effect according to the age group of the subjects, but it was effective in balance control ability, muscle strength, and pain.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study compared the effect of training ankle joint and hip joint thera-band exercise on balance. METHODS: The participants were divided into two groups of 11 each. Group A performed hip exercise after ankle exercise, and Group B performed ankle exercise after hip exercise. Using a green thera-band, the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion and hip flexion and hip extension were exercised repeatedly for 15 seconds three times with a five-second rest between each set. After the exercise and measurement of one area were complete, the exercise and measurement of the other area were performed at one-day intervals. The balance ability was assessed using a Tetrax and Y-balance test and repeated three times; the best values were taken. RESULTS: In the stability index (ST) of the static balance, the hip joint exercise group (HTG) during the follow-up of normal eye open (NO) revealed notable improvement over the ankle joint exercise group (ATG), and in the follow-up of the normal eye closed (NC), the ATG showed significant improvement over the HTG. In the pillow with eye closed (PC) follow-up, the ATG showed significant improvements over the HTG. At the left (Lt) and Y-balance test (YBT), the ATG showed significant improvements in the follow-up over the HTG (p <.05). CONCLUSION: In static balance, the ATG showed significant improvement in the follow-up of NC and PC over the HTG. In the dynamic balance, the Lt. dynamic balance on the non-dominant side in the ATG showed significant improvement in the follow-up over the HTG.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of static stretching of the plantar flexor for 5 minutes on balance and ankle muscle activity when walking in young adults. Methods: This study experimented on 20 healthy college students without vestibular and musculoskeletal diseases. Subjects performed static stretching intervention of plantar flexor for 5 minutes on a stretch board set at 15° to 25° Balance was measured four times before intervention (pre), after intervention (post), 5 minutes after intervention (post 5 min), 10 minutes after intervention (post 10 min), and ankle muscle activity was measured during walking. For the analysis and post hoc analysis, one-way Repeated Measure ANOVA and Fisher's LSD (Last Significant Difference) was performed to find out the change in balance and the activity of ankle muscles before static stretching, pre, post, post 5 minutes rest, post 10 minutes rest. Results: There was no significant difference in weight distribution index (WDI) in balance, but stability index (ST) showed a significant difference, and there was also a significant difference in correlation pre, post, post 5min rest, post 10 minutes rest (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in ankle muscle activity during walking in Tibialis anterior (TA), Medial gastrocnemius (GM), and Lateral gastrocnemius (GL) (p>0.05). Conclusion: The stability index (ST) increased significantly immediately after static stretching and decreased after 5 minutes. After static stretching, at least 5 minutes of rest are required to restore balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of open kinetic chain (OKC) exercise for the gastrocnemius (GCM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles on static and dynamic balance and muscle strength. Methods: We recruited 21 healthy participants, dividing them into 3 groups (GCM, TA, and non-exercise). Each group contains 7 participants. Two exercise groups (GCM and TA) performed OKC exercise with elastic bands twice per week for 4 weeks, while non-exercise group did nothing. We obtained the data for static and dynamic balance and muscle strength before and after the intervention. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare and analyze the pre-post-intervention differences among the groups. Results: For static balance, the stability index of the TA group was the lowest for the dynamic platform (p<0.05). The dynamic balance of the TA group increased for the anterior and posteromedial directions (p<0.05). The peak torque increased in the TA group for dorsiflexion (D/F) movement and in the GCM group for plantar flexion movement compared with the other groups, except for the left direction during D/F (p<0.05). Conclusion: OKC exercises with elastic bands were effective for selectively increasing muscle strength. It is clinically thought that strength training for TA muscles will be effective among the muscles of the ankle.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to measure the improvement of balanced ability and rapid response of 30 healthy adults by performing dynamic stretching, static stretching, and sargent jump. Methods: The sample 30 peoples without any musculoskeletal disease who volunteered to be the subject of the study. We measured all subjects on following metrics to evaluate the function and stability under the normal condition, with dynamic stretching (DS) group, static stretching (SS) group: vertical jump height and reaching distance Anterior, Posteromedial, Posterolateral and NO (Normal eye open), NC (Normal eye close), PO (Pillow with eye open), and PC (Pillow with close eye) were evaluated. All measures were analyzed using independent t-test and One-way repeated Anova. Results: There was a significant increase in SJH (Sargent jump) in both groups (p<0.05). In Y-balance test, there was a significant increase in both groups except for the ANT (Anterior) direction, and there was a significant increase only in the SS group in the ANT (Anterior) direction (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the DS group and the SS group (p>0.05). There was no significant improvement in ST (Stability Index) and WDI (Weight Distribution Index) in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both DS and SS showed significant improvement in SJH and Y-balance tests, which are dynamic functions, but had no significant effect on static balance ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to compare the effect on balance during core and ankle muscle strengthening exercises using the Thera-Band. Methods: 21 healthy college students were recruited. The participants were divided into a core strengthening group (CSG), an ankle strengthening group (ASG), and a non-exercise group (NEG). CSG and ASG were performed twice a week for a total of 4 weeks, and static and dynamic balance were measured before and after the intervention. The static balance were measured as stability index and weight distribution index using Tetrax^®. The dynamic balance was measured in each direction by the Y balance test. The Thera-Band intensity was increased after 2 weeks of exercise, and the exercise was subsequently performed. Results: Participants showed static balance with Tetrax^®, a significant difference was noted between normal eye closes and pillow with eye closes in ASG (p<0.05). In the case of dynamic balance with the Y balance test, a significant difference was observed in posterolateral direction (PL) and composite score (CS) between each group for the pre- and post-intervention differences (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed between PL and CS in CSG (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings show that the progressive Thera-Band exercise had a positive effect on balance abilities. It was confirmed that core strengthening was effective for dynamic balance, and ankle strengthening was effective for static balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.116-120
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to determine which interventions are effective in increasing hamstring flexibility due to changes in the range of motion (ROM) and pennation angle (PA) when foam rolling (FR) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching were performed. Methods: A total of 24 healthy participants who agreed to participate in the study were randomly chosen. The participants were divided into three groups of eight people: Control, FR, and PNF stretching groups. The hip flexion angle (ROM) and PA of the hamstrings were measured before and after the experiment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the ROM and PA for each group by comparing the before and after results. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the increase in hamstring flexibility between the groups. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the ROM and PA within all groups, and only the ROM was significant in the comparison between the three groups. In the comparison between the control and other two groups, a significant difference was noted in both the ROM and PA in the FR group and only the ROM in the PNF stretching group (p<0.05). In the comparison between the FR and PNF stretching groups, no significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: These findings FR and PNF stretching increased the ROM; however, no change in PA was observed. Therefore, FR and PNF stretching were considered effective interventions in immediately increasing hamstring flexibility.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of proprioceptive sensation, subacromial space, and dynamic function according to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), static stretching (SS), and complex rotational stretching (CRS). METHODS: Thirty students without any musculoskeletal disease who volunteered to participate were included in this study. The following metrics were measured to evaluate the function and stability under the normal conditions, with the PNF, SS, and CRS: special test and flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation (shoulder range of motion) and reaching distance on the medial (ME), superolateral (SL), inferolateral (IL), and subacromial space and proprioceptive sensation were evaluated. All measures were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and repeated measures of ANOVA. RESULTS: A clear difference in adduction in the range of motion was observed in all groups (p < .05). Significant differences could not be identified in all values in the error test, except for Ab (p < .05). Significant differences in reach were noted in all directions of the SS and PNF in the Me, SL, and IL (p < .05). After the intervention, significant differences in the average values could be identified in all groups except for the SS group after rest (p < .05). After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the CRS and SS and PNF groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The application of CRS is as helpful as the existing SS and PNF for improving the joint range of motion improvement, shoulder balance, and subacromial space.