• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2016

To establish objective criteria for high pedestrian accident zones, we combined Getis-ord Gi* and Kernel Density Estimation to select high pedestrian accident zones for 54,208 pedestrian accidents in Seoul from 2009 to 2013. By applying Getis-ord Gi* and considering spatial patterns where pedestrian accident hot spots were clustered, this study identified high pedestrian accident zones. The research examined the microscopic distribution of accidents in high pedestrian accident zones, identified the critical hot spots through Kernel Density Estimation, and analyzed the inner distribution of hot spots by identifying the areas with high density levels.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.130-147
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• 2017

This paper aims to identify the spatial concentrations and linkage properties of industrial clusters in the Chungbuk Province region in Korea using a three-step approach, which is composed of the cluster index, Getis-Ord's $Gi^*$, and qualitative input-output analysis. The results of the study reveal: a) what industrial sectors are concentrated and where they are; b) where the spatially interdependent industries are; and c) how the industrial sectors of the identified clusters in different locations are vertically interconnected. In addition, the degree of strength of the interindustry linkages between industrial clusters are assessed. Based on the findings, some plausible industrial policies are suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.434-446
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• 2021

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the fourth industrial revolution, expected to have a significant impact on society. However, there are only a few studies on spatial distribution and location of the fourth industry. This study tried to classify the spatial distribution of the fourth industry by using LQ, a non-geographical method, and Getis-Ord's Gi^*, a geographical method. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, there are the specialized areas of the fourth industry in the non-Seoul metropolitan area as well as the Seoul metropolitan area. Second, industrial clusters and neighborhood areas of the fourth industry were located mostly in the Seoul metropolitan area. Third, industrial clusters were concentrated on the southern part of Gyeonggi Province and Seoul, and there are no industrial clusters in the northern part of the Seoul metropolitan area and the nature conservation area. This paper shows that the cluster area of the fourth industry is concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan area. Therefore, policies for the 4th industry are needed to solve this unbalanced spatial distribution of the fourth industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2022

Social interest in the fine particulate matter has increased significantly since the 2010s, and various efforts have been made to reduce it through environmental plans and policies. To support such environmental planning, in this study, spatial cluster characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations were analyzed in the metropolitan area to identify high-risk areas spatially, and the correlation with local environmental characteristics was also confirmed. The PM2.5 concentration for the recent 5 years (2016-2020) was targeted, and representative spatial statistical methods Getis-Ord Gi^* and Local Moran's I were applied. As a result of the analysis, the cluster form was different in Getis-Ord Gi^* and Local Moran's I, but they show high similarity in direction, therefore complementary results could be obtained. In the high concentration period, the hotspot concentration of the Getis-Ord Gi* method increased, but in Local Moran's I, the HH region, the high concentration cluster, showed a decreasing trend. Hotspots of the Getis-Ord Gi^* technique were prominent in the Pyeongtaek-Hwaseong and Yeoju-Icheon regions, and the HH cluster of Local Moran's I was located in the southwest, and the LL cluster was located in the northeast. As in the case of the metropolitan area, in the results of Seoul, there was a phenomenon of division between the northeast and southwest regions. The PM2.5 concentration showed a high correlation with the elevation, vegetation greenness and the industrial area ratio. During the high concentration period, the relation with vegetation greenness increased, and the elevation and industrial area ratio increased in the case of the annual average. This suggests that the function of vegetation can be maximized at a high concentration period, and the influence of topography and industrial areas is large on average. This characteristic was also confirmed in the basic statistics for each major cluster. The spatial clustering characteristics of PM2.5 can be considered in the national land and environmental plan at the metropolitan level. In particular, it will be effective to utilize the clustering characteristics based on the annual average concentration, which contributes to domestic emissions.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.665-685
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• 2021

This study focused on the a 20-year evaluation of the dynamism of critical thermal anomalies in Busan metropolitan area prompted by unusual infrastructural development and demographic growth rate. Archived Landsat thermal data derived-LST was the major input for UTFVI and hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi^*). Results revealed that the surface urban heat island-affected area has gradually expanded overtime from 23.32% to 32.36%; while the critical positive thermal anomalies (level-3 hotspots) have also spatially increased from 19.88% in 2000 to 23.56% in 2020, recording a net LST difference of > 5℃ between the maximum level-3 hotspot and minimum level-3 coldspot each year. It is been observed that thermal conditions of Busan have gradually deteriorated with time, which is potentially inherent in the rate of urban expansion. Thus, this work serves as an eye-opener to powers that be, to think and act constructively towards a sustainable thermal conform for city dwellers.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

Diverse and complex facilities have been on the increase in urban areas in accordance with rapid urbanization. Along the lines of the increase in facilities, the risk of fire has increased. In particular, fire accidents as well as traffic accidents accounted for the highest rate in artificial disasters. Therefore, the National Fire Information Systems managed by the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) appeared for the effective fire management. The NEMA has provided the public with the Internet services regarding information about fire outbreak since 2007. This study acquired data from both NEMA and the Jinju City Fire Department. It constructed the fire data of Jinju City and calculated the change in spatial density targeting fire, occurred in Jinju city with a view to examining the fire risk of facilities by conducting a time series analysis on the trends of fire outbreak over a span of periods between 2007 and 2013. It also conducted an analysis of Moran's I, Getis-Ord Gi. Therefore, it came to select higher hot spots in terms of fire location and fire density. In addition, it attempted to calculate the levels of fire hazard by drawing up the matrix of personal injury and property damage, depending on facilities to present the methods, which can predict the risk of fire occurrence in urban areas.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.24-35
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• 2019

In this study, a hotspot analysis was conducted to suggest a new method for interpreting soil heavy-metal contamination data of abandoned metal mines according to statistical significance level. The spatial autocorrelation of the data was analyzed using the Getis-Ord $Gi{\ast}$ statistic in order to check whether soil heavy metal contamination data showing abnormal values appeared concentrated or dispersed in a specific space. As a result, the statistically significant data showing abnormal values in the mine area could be classified as follows: (1) the contamination degree and the hotspot value (z-score) were both high, (2) the contamination degree was high but the z-score was low, (3) the contamination degree was low but the z-score was high and (4) the contamination degree and the z-score were both low. The proposed method can be used to interpret the soil heavy metal contamination data according to the statistical significance level and to support a rational decision for soil contamination management in abandoned mines.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.93-103
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial cluster characteristics of fire using long-term fire data. For this, fire data which were broke out in the last 40 years were converted into GIS data and spatial analysis was performed at Gangwon-do province's minimum administrative district level. In order to grasp the spatial distribution of the fire, Moran's I, Geary's Ci and Getis-Ord's Gi*, which are methods that analyze the local indicators of spatial association(LISA), were used. By integrating the characteristics of the spatial distribution of fire by integrating the results obtained from each analysis, the advantages of the individual analysis methods were reflected in the study results. As a result of the study, hotspot areas of fire in Gangwon-do was derived out. Among the hot spot areas, some areas, where the fire frequency is higher than the adjacent areas, have been identified. The results of this study can be used as information for predicting the fire hazard area and relocating of fire-fighting facilities in the study area.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2016

Watershed area can be submerged due to constructions and management of dams, and these change can impact not only on ecosystem and environment of river basin area but also on local climate. This study is conducted to construct and classify climate zones of Andong Dam watershed where the area is submerged due to the construction of the dam. By applying Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Getis-Ord $Gi^*$ statistics, three climate zones were classified for the result. Each zone was then analyzed and validated with climatic and geological features including topography, land cover, and forest type map. As a result of the analysis, there was a difference in temperature, elevation, precipitation and tree species distribution among the zones. Also, an analysis of land cover map showed that there were more agricultural land near Andong Reservoir. This study on the climatic classification is considered to be useful as the basis for decision-making or policy enforcement regarding ecosystem, environmental management or climate change response.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.102-107
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 2009년 강원도 읍면동 주민등록 데이터와 탐구적 공간데이터 분석 방법의 하나인 Getis - Ord $Gi^*$를 이용하여 강원도 남녀 장수인구의 공간적 분포패턴을 분석하였다. 분석결과는 강원도의 남성인구와 여성인구의 지역적 장수도에 공간적 군집이 존재하며 장수도가 높은 지역의 군집의 경우 남성과 여성 사이에 커다란 차이가 존재함을 보이고 있다. 남성의 경우 장수도가 높은 지역이 영서지역의 접경지역을 중심으로 군집하는 반면 여성의 경우 장수도가 높은 지역이 영동 해안지역 중심으로 군집하여 분포하였다. 이 결과는 장수에 영향을 미치는 환경적(자연환경적, 사회적) 요인이 남녀에 선별적으로 작용하고 있음을 암시한다.