• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

Nondestructive evaluation of seed viability is one of the highly demanding technologies for seed production industry. Conventional seed sorting technologies, such as tetrazolium and standard germination test are destructive, time consuming, and labor intensive methods. Near infrared spectroscopy technique has shown good potential for nondestructive quality measurements for food and agricultural products. In this study, FT-NIR spectroscopy was used to classify normal and artificially aged lettuce seeds. The spectra with the range of 1100~2500 nm were scanned for lettuce seeds and analyzed using the principal component analysis(PCA) method. To classify viable seeds from nonviable seeds, a calibration modeling set was developed with a partial least square(PLS) method. The calibration model developed from PLS resulted in 98% classification accuracy with the Savitzky-Golay $1^{st}$ derivative preprocessing method. The prediction accuracy for the test data set was 93% with the MSC(Multiplicative Scatter Correction) preprocessing method. The results show that FT-NIR has good potential for discriminating non-viable lettuce seeds from viable ones.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2000

The allelopathic effects of Artemisia lavandulaefolia were studied using several test plants and microbes. Aqueous extracts and volatile compounds of A. lavandulaefolia inhibited seed germination, seedling and root growth of the test species such as Achyranthes japonica. Lactuca sativa, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis. Oenothera odorata, Plantago asiatica. Aster yomena, Elsholtzia ciliata, and Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis. The root growth of test species was more affected than shoot growth by allelochemicals of A. lavandulaefolia. Essential oil of A. lavandulaefolia had antibacterial and antifungal effects. However, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was dependent upon the microbial species and concentrations. Callus growth of Oryza sativa, Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis and Achyranthes japonica was sensitive by the essential oil of A. lavandulaefolia. Twenty three chemicals were identified from A. lavandulaefolia essential oil by gas chromatography. Primary allelochemicals among them were 1, 8-cineole, 1-$\alpha$-terpineol, $\alpha$-terpinene. camphor, 2-buten-1-ol and azulene. We concluded that aqueous extract and essential oil of A. lavandulaefolia were responsible for allelopathic effects.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2018

임신진단검사는 고대 이집트에서 밀과 보리를 이용한 발아시험으로 시작하였다. 이후 Hippocrates와 Galen을 거쳐 uroscopy를 활용하던 중세를 넘어 1800년대 초반까지도 비과학적 방법들이 사용되었다. 그러나 1800년대 중반 이후 과학적 실험방법과 근거들이 나타나기 시작하면서 임신의 생리학적 특성에 대한 과학적 연구들이 시작되었다. 이와 같은 과학적 연구결과를 활용하려는 최초 시도는1927년 Aschheim와 Zondek의 rat와 mouse를 이용한 bioassay로 시작되었고, 이후 토끼와 개구리를 이용하는 실험으로 발전하였다. 1960년대부터 시작된 면역검사방법은 bioassay의 문제점을 개선하면서 임신진단검사를 일반화하는데 크게 기여하였다. 1976년에는 가정에서 사용할 수 있는 임신진단키트가 출시되어 임신진단을 대중화하는데 기여하였다. 1980년대 이후 진단검사의 기술적 진보는 임신진단검사에도 활용되어 임신진단의 검사신뢰도는 더욱 향상되었으며, 2000년대에는 가정용 임신진단키트의 정확도와 사용편리성이 혁신적으로 향상되었다. 본 조사에서는 임신진단검사의 역사와 과학적 발전과정을 고찰하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.230-238
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• 2014

벼 유전자원의 효율적인 보존관리를 위해 종자수명 예측방법을 규명하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 효과적인 종자수명 예측 방법을 규명하기 위해 전년도에 수확한 벼 106품종을 대상으로 인위노화처리 방법인 노화촉진(AA)처리, 퇴화조절(CD) 및 건열처리(DHT)를 실시하고, $4^{\circ}C$ 저장고에 26.5년간 보존된 벼 유전자원 3,066점의 종자수명 자료와 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 벼 유전자원의 효과적인 종자수명 예측 방법으로는 건열처리($90^{\circ}C$, 36시간)였다. 전년도 수확한 벼 품종의 건열처리 후 발아율 성적을 사분위수로 4개의 분류군으로 나누었을 때, 분류군별로 분포하는 벼 생태형별 품종 비율이 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장고 보존자원의 최종발아율에 따른 4개 분류군의 분포비와 흡사하였다. 갱신 된 벼 유전자원을 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장고 보존시 효율적인 첫 활력모니터링 시점은 4개 분류군 중 I군에 속하는 자원은 저장 후 14년, II군, III군, IV군에 속한 자원들은 각각 저장 후 17, 20, 45년을 기준으로 하여 설정할 수 있겠다. 건열처리는 벼 유전자원 종자수명 예측뿐만 아니라 종자은행에서 보존자원의 효율적인 활력검정 주기 설정 및 갱신 주기 결정에도 도움이 되겠다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2001

Tween 20을 비롯한 8 종류의 계면활성제를 선발하여 보리흰가루병(병원균: Erysiphae graminis f.sp. hordei)에 대한 방제효과와 기존약제에 첨가하였을 때 약효에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 처리구에서 흰가루병에 대하여 90%의 방제효과를 보인 PNPP가 공시한 다른 계면활성제보다 높은 예방효과를 보였다. 그러나 치료효과의 실험에서는 LN 13.0이 가장 우수한 효과를 나타냈으며, 특히 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 LN 13.0은 병원균을 접종하고 4일 후에 처리하여도 흰가루병의 발병은 4.0%의 미미한 수준에 그쳤다. 물한천배지 상에서 실시한 포자발아 억제실험에서 LN 13.0을 비롯한 공시한 모든 계면활성제는 흰가루병균의 포자 발아를 억제하였다. Triforine, triadimefon, benomyl의 처리용액을 증류수로 조제하였을 때에는 benomyl만이 방제 효과를 나타내었고, 효과가 없었던 triadimefon과 triforine은 LN 13.0과 Tween 20을 첨가하여 살포하면 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 SP 13.0, NP 13.0, LN 13.0, DBC 등의 계면활성제는 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$의 고농도로 보리에 처리하면 심한 약해가 유발되었으나, Tween 20, SLIS, PAS, PNPP 등은 동일한 농도에서 약해를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.61-61
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• 2020

This experiment was carried out using artificial bed soil and LED in the plastic film house(irradiation time: 07:00-17:00/day). Seedlings(n=63 per 3.3 m²) of ginseng was planted on May 17, 2018. LED was combined with red and blue light in a 3:1 ratio and irradiated with different light intensity(40-160 µmol/m²/s). Average air temperature from April to September according to the light intensity test was 20.4℃-20.9℃. Average artificial bed soil temperature was 20.1℃-21.7℃. The test area where fluorescent lamp was irradiated tended to be somewhat lower than the LED irradiation area. The chemical properties of the test soil was as follows. pH levels was 6.6-6.7, EC levels 0.9-1.3 dS/m and OM levels 30.6-32.0%. The available P₂O₅ contents was 73.3-302.3 mg/kg. Exchangeable cations K and Ca contents were higher than the allowable ranges and mg content was high in the fluorescent lamp treatment. The photometric characteristics of LED light intensity are as follows. The greater the light intensity, the higher the PPFD(Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) value, illuminance and solar irradiation. Fluorescent lamp treatment had high illuminance value, but PPFD and solar irradiation were lower than LED intensity 40 µmol/m²/s treatment. The photosynthetic rate increased(2.0-3.8 µmolCO²/m²/s) as the amount of light intensity increased, peaking at 120 µmol/m²/s, and then decreasing. The SPAD (chlorophyll content) value decreased as the amount of light intensity increased, and was the highest at 36.1 in fluorescent lamp treatment. Ginseng germination started on April 5 and took 14-17 days to germinate. The overall germination rate was 68.8-73.6%. The growth of aerial parts(plant height etc.) were generally excellent in the treatment of light intensity of 120-160 µmol/m²/s. The plant height was 41.9 cm, stem length was 24.1 cm, leaf length was 9.8 cm and stem diameter was 5.6 mm. The growth of underground part (root length etc.) was the best in the treatment with 120 µmol/m²/s of light intensity. Due to the root length was long(24.8 cm) and diameter of taproot was thick(18.7 mm), the fresh root weight was the heaviest at 24.8 g. There were no disease incidence such as Alternaria blight, Gray mold and Anthracnose. Disease of Damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani occurred 0.6-1.5% and incidence ratio of rusty root ginseng was 30.8-62.3%. It is believed that the reason for the high incidence of rusty root ginseng is that the amount of field moisture capacity of artificial bed soil is larger than the soil. Leaf discoloration rate was 13.7-32.3%.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2015

Studies to estimate seed longevity and dormancy of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) were conducted from 2000 to 2005 at Corvallis and Hermiston, Oregon. Seeds from three transgenic glyphosate resistant creeping bentgrass lines, 48-10, 48-13, and ASR368, and one non-transgenic glyphosate susceptible line, SR1020, were used. Creeping bentgrass seeds were buried at 3, 18 and 31 cm in 2000 and removed 6, 12, 18, 24, and 51 months later. Soil type and climatic conditions were different at the two locations. At Corvallis, the soil was a Malabon silty clay loam, and the winters wet and mild. The soil at Hermiston was an Adkins fine sandy loam, and winters drier and colder. Seeds of all creeping bentgrass lines deteriorated faster at Corvallis than at Hermiston. The estimated half-lives of creeping bentgrass lines buried at Corvallis were 8.4 to 20.2 months, while those buried at Hermiston were 8.4 to 37.7 months. At both sites, seeds of the glyphosate resistant lines, 48-10 and 48-13, deteriorated faster than the susceptible line, SR1020. However, seed deterioration in the resistant line, ASR368, was slower than all other creeping bentgrass lines. Based on the germination test, exhumed intact seeds at Corvallis were more dormant than those at Hermiston. If buried, it could be expected that viable creeping bentgrass seeds will persist more than 4 years after the seeds are introduced to a site, but environmental conditions can influence both seed longevity and dormancy.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2015

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has been destructive during pepper fruit production in outdoor fields in Korea. In vitro antifungal activities of 15 different plant essential oils or its components were evaluated during conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. In vitro conidial germination was most drastically inhibited by vapour treatments with carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral, p-cymene and linalool. Inhibition of the mycelial growth by indirect vapour treatment with essential oils was also demonstrated compared with untreated control. Carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and eugenol were among the most inhibitory plant essential oils by the indirect antifungal efficacies. Plant protection efficacies of the plant essential oils were demonstrated by reduced lesion diameter on the C. gloeosporioides-inoculated immature green pepper fruits compared to the inoculated control fruits without any plant essential oil treatment. In planta test showed that all plant essential oils tested in this study demonstrated plant protection efficacies against pepper fruit anthracnose with similar levels. Thus, application of different plant essential oils can be used for ecofriendly disease management of anthracnose during pepper fruit production.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1979

비유기수은 종자소독제의 개발을 목적으로 배도열병균, 벼깨씨무늬병균 및 벼키다리병균에 감염된 증자 4개품종을 공시하고 Blotter 법, 물한천평판법 및 유묘 검정법 등을 통해서 12종의 약제에 대한 약효를 검정하는 동시에 검정방법별 차이를 검토하고 약해발현 여부등을 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 벼${\cdot}$도열병, 벼${\cdot}$깨씨무늬병 및 벼${\cdot}$키다리병에 대하여 종합적으로 약효가 좋았던 것은 Sisthane, $P_{242}$ 및 Sodium Omadine이었다. Benlate T 및 Homai는 깨씨무늬병에 대한 약효가 낮았으며, Busan 30 및 Panoctine은 유묘검정에서 키다리병에 대한 약효가 낮았다. 약효검정방법으로서는 도열병에 대해서는 Blotter법이, 깨씨무늬병과 키다리병에 대해서는 물한천평판법이 좋았다. 발아율 및 초기생육에 미치는 약제의 최아전종자소독 결과, 약해의 유발은 없었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.467-471
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• 2004

Bacillus sp. SD-10이 생산하는 항균물질을 이용하여 버섯의 갈색무늬병균 및 푸른곰팡이병균에 대한 천연물 버섯병해 방제약재 개발을 위한 기초적 연구를 행하였다. Bacillus sp. SD-10은 35∼4$0^{\circ}C$의 배양온도에서 30∼40 hrs 배양하였을 때 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다. 이 배양액을 이용하여 T. virens의 균사 생육저해 및 포자발아 억제 농도를 검토한 결과, 균사생육은 30 ul 이상 처리 시 뚜렷하게 저해되었으며 포자발아는 평판배지에 5%(v/v) 이상 첨가 시 완전하게 억제되었다. Bacillus sp. SD-10의 배양액으로부터 항균물질을 순수분리하여 UPX-1으로 명명하고, UPX-1을 $^1H-$NMR과 $^{13}C$-NMR 스펙트럼으로 구조를 동정한 결과 탄소 6개로 구성된 당 2개가 2당류 구조로 결합되어 있는 화합물임이 밝혀졌다. UPX-1은 T. virens 뿐 아니라 Pse. tolaassi에도 아주 강한 항균효과를 나타내었다.