• 제목/요약/키워드: Germinating process

검색결과 12건 처리시간 0.026초

Effect of Sodium Hydrosulfite Solution on Agrobacterium-Mediated Chinese Cabbage Transformation and Transient Expression

  • Park Hee-Sung;Shin Dong-Il
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.219-223
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    • 2005
  • We investigated chemical-wounding effect on Agrobacterium-mediated Chinese cabbage transformation via vacuum infiltration. Pre-germinated or germinating Chinese cabbage seeds were infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 cells carrying either GUS gene (pBI121) or hepatitis B virus surface antigen DNA (pBIHBsAg). Prior to agroinfiltration process, the seeds were soaked in sodium hydrosulfite (SHS) solution or just in sterile water as a control. Comparative transformation efficiency was determined by both of histochemistry and ELISA. We could demonstrate that SHS solution treatment especially to 1-day or 2-days old germinating seeds efficiently improved transformation process, and therefore, transient expression level. This strongly indicated that Agrobacterium infection could be facilitated indeed by SHS-causing wounds on Chinese cabbage seeds.

새로운 맥아당 제조기술과 식품공업이용 (New Technique of Maltose Manufacturing and its uses in Food Industry)

  • 이성갑
    • 기술사
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 1984
  • When starch is hydrolyzed either by acid or by the enzymes maltase or diastase, contained in germinating barley, a yield of 80% of maltose is obtained. Maltose is built of two molecules of ${\alpha}$-glucose, bound in the position 1:4 i.e., carbon atom 1 of one glucose molecule is bound in a glucosidic bond to carbon atom 4 of the second molecule. Until around 1960, dextrose and glucose syrups were prepared from starch exclusively by acid hydrolysis. The process was corrosive, and the dextrose yield low. It was, therefore, a great step forward when pure glucoamylase in combination with bacterial ${\alpha}$-amylase made possible a complete enzymatic hydrolysis of starch to dextrose. Today several enzymatic processes are used in the industry.

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경관훼손지의 생태적 복구방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Ecological Restoration Strategies for the Disturbed Landscapes)

  • 김남춘
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.28-44
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration strategies for the disturbed landscapes by theoretical study. Especially, it is aimed to suggest three objectives for restoration by using native plants ; (1) prevention or reduction of wind and water erosion, (2) provision of food and cover for variety of animal species, (3) improvement of the visual or aesthetic quality of disturbed sites. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. Cooperation between restoration ecologists and restoration practitioners is needed to delineate a scientific approach to restoration ; (1) Being aware of published literature that describes similar work and/or establish general principles. (2) Preparedness to carry out proper experiments to test ideas. (3) Preparedness to monitor fundamental parameters in a restoration scheme. (4) Providing information about the behavior of species. (5) Publish results. 2. There are three models of succession in theories of plant succession. The tolerance and facilitation models were recommended to ecological restoration. The inhibition model applies in most secondary succession, but the actual species which are introduced first may inhibit the germination and growth of slower-growing species, or they may prevent the growth of other species whose propagules arrive later. 3. The objectives of erosion control, wildlife habitat provision, and visual quality improvement are not mutually exclusive. However, many revegetation practices in the past have emphasized one of these aspects at the expense of the others. 4. A native plant community can be the model of ecological restoration. By stylization/abstraction of native plant community, trying to learn the most essential characteristics of community types - environmental factors ; dominant, prevalent, and "visual essence" species composition - in order to use such information in restoration. 5. After developing mass/spaces plan, match plant communities to the mass/space plan. In utilizing community grouping, there needs aesthetic ability to understand design elements. 6. Several hydrophytes such as Pennisetum saccharifluous, Themeda triandra, Cirsium pendulum show relatively good germination rates. In case of mesophytes and xerophytes, Arundinella hina, Artemisia princeps, Oenothera odorata and legumes seem to have quick-germinating abilities at barren sites. Pinus thunbergii, Rhus chinensis, Evodia daniellii, Alnus firma and Albizzia julibrissin can be considered as "late succession" woody plants because they show low germinating rates and slow growing habitat. 7. The seeds used for restoration should be collected within a certain radius of where it will be planted. Consideration in genetic issues in the collection and use of germplasm can increase the odds for successful restoration efforts. 8. The useful model in the "drift" pattern occurs so abundantly in naturally evolving landscapes. As one species diminishes in density, a second or third species are increased. Thus, dynamic interactions between species are created. Careful using of "drift phenomenon" in planting was recommended. 9. Virtually no stand of vegetation today is immune from the introduction and/or spreading of exotic species. Therefore, the perpetuation of a restored sites requires conscious monitoring and management. Thus, management would be the most important process in ecological restoration. 10. In order to keep the sites "natural", alternative management strategies would be applied in management ; Atenative management strategies are decelerating successional process, accelerating successional processes or modifying species composition. As management tools, mechanical, chemical, biological or environmental factor manipulation, e.g., fire could be used.

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담배종자의 발아조건에서 수분흡수, 호흡 및 저장물질의 변화 (Changes of Moisture Uptake. Respiration and Chemical Contents in Germinating Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) Seeds)

  • 민태기;윤경은;김웅주;강정용
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 1986
  • 담배종자의 발아생리를 깊게 이해하여 건묘육성의 기초자료를 얻고자 종자를 파종하여 발아될 때까지 종자체내에서 일어나는 생리적 변화를 명암조건 및 온도별로 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 발아과정중 수분흡수는 치상후 3∼6시간까지 물리적인 수분흡수단계, 다음 6시간부터 24시간까지 보합세유지 세째단계로 48시간∼168시간까지 급격한 수분흡수 증가를 보이는 단계로 나눌 수 있었다. 그러나 암조건 및 저온에서는 세째단계의 급격할 수분흡수 양상을 볼 수 없었다. 2. 발아과정중 호흡의 변화도 수분흡수와 비슷하여 처음 48시간까지 호흡의 증가가 없었으나 48시간 이조 발아시작과 함께 급격허 상승하여 120시간을 전후하여 최고에 달하였다가 점차 떨어졌다. 반면, 암조건에서는 호흡이 매우 낮고 변화가 없었다. 3. 발아신 호흡의 증가와 더불어 지방산의 감소가 상응하게 일어났으며 당 및 지방산의 변화가 광조건에서는 많이 변화하였으나 암조건에서는 변화가 없었다.

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Effects of Raw, Cooked, and Germinated Small Black Soybean Powders on Dietary Fiber Content and Gastrointestinal Functions

  • Lee, Chang-Hyun;Oh, Sang-Hun;Yang, Eun-Jin;Kim, Young-Soo
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.635-638
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    • 2006
  • The effects of raw and processed small black soybean powders on dietary fiber content and gastrointestinal function in rats were investigated. The crude oil, protein, and ash contents of raw small black soybean powder were not significantly different from those of processed small black soybean powders. The germination process increased soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents significantly, as compared to raw small black soybean powder. The germinated small black soybean powder diet led to a significantly different food intake than the basal diet in both normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats. The body weight gains of the experimental groups, however, were not significantly different from that of the basal diet groups for both the normal and loperamide-induced rats. The gastrointestinal transit times and fecal weights for normal and loperamide-induced rats consuming the processed small black soybean powder diet were significantly different from those on a basal diet. These results suggest that the processes of cooking and germinating the small black soybean might contribute to acceleration of fecal excretion in both experimental normal and constipation model rats.

둥굴레의 종자(種子) 구조(構造)와 출아(出芽) 특성(特性) (Characteristics of Seed Structure and Seedling Development in Polygonatum odoratum Druce)

  • 강진호;김동일;유영섭;배기수;한경수
    • 한국약용작물학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.102-107
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    • 1998
  • 종자번식을 통한 다량육묘로 다량재배의 필요성이 제기되고 있는 둥굴레는 발아 과정이 복잡하기 때문에 다량육묘 또는 이에 관한 연구를 위하여는 발아 과정을 체계적으로 자료화하여야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 둥굴레의 종자 구조와 유묘 출현 특성을 체계화하여 종자를 이용한 다량번식 체계에 대한 정보를 얻고자 수행 되었다. 둥굴레 종자는 직생배주(直生胚珠)로서 경실(硬實)이었으며, 배는 linear형으로 종자의 중앙에 배열하고 있었다. 발아는 정단조직에 소주아(小珠芽)와 뿌리의 시원체(始原體)를 가지고 있는 배의 아래 부분이 신장하여 돌출하는 형태로 진행되었고, 배유의 저장 양분은 생장하고 있는 배가 배유를 잠식하는 방법으로 이용되고 있었다. 배가 돌출한 후 시간이 경과하면서 소주아(小珠芽)와 뿌리가 발달하고 형성된 소주아(小珠芽)의 정단에 상배축이 돌기하였다. 상배축(上胚軸)은 다량육묘에서 저온처리를 통한 휴면타파 처리 후에야 신장하기 시작하였으며, 출아 후 형성되는 단자엽과 초장은 출아 중의 광도에 크게 영향을 받았다. 한편 재배 또는 가공에 이용되는 지하경은 소주아(小珠芽)가 최초의 조직으로 소주아(小珠芽)에 형성된 마디로부터 다음의 지하경이 분지되는 형태를 보였다.

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자연실온 및 변온환경에서 15종류의 켄터키 블루그래스 신품종의 발아특성 및 일일발아패턴 비교 (Comparison of Germination Characteristics and Daily Seed Germination Pattern in 15 New Cultivars of Kentucky Bluegrass under Alternative and Natural Conditions at Room Temperature)

  • 김경남
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제17권5호
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2014
  • Research was initiated to investigate early establishment characteristics and germination pattern of Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.) under natural room temperature and to analyze differences between alternative and natural conditions for a practical application. Fifteen cultivars of KB were evaluated in the study. Daily and cumulative germination pattern were measured and analyzed on a daily basis. Differences were observed in germination percentage, germination pattern, days to the first germination and days to 75% germination. Germination percentage was variable with cultivars at the end of study. It was 75.75 to 90.25% under natural condition. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics and germination pattern among KB cultivars according to germination conditions. The first germination in all entries tested was initiated between 6 and 9 DAS (days after seeding) under ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) condition. But it was observed between 9 and 12 DAS under natural condition, being 3 to 5 days later as compared with ISTA condition. On the first date of a germinating process, the germination rate was 0.25% to 25.00% under ISTA condition, while 0.50% to 13.25% under natural condition. Days to the 75% germination were 15.08 to 28.80 DAS under ISTA condition and 17.78 to 28.75 DAS under natural condition. Midnight II, Excursion and Midnight were the fastest cultivars under ISTA condition, while Odyssey the fastest one under natural condition. Regardless of germination condition, the slowest cultivar was Voyager II, being over 4 weeks to 75% germination percentage. For the most cultivars, days to 75% germination under natural room temperature condition were 1 to 8 days slower than under ISTA condition. From this study information on differences in germination characteristics and pattern among cultivars would be usefully applied for KB establishment such as golf course construction. Prior to on-site seeding, a comprehensive germination test is practically recommended due to a possible decline in germination capability during domestic distribution and storage after import.

저장조건 및 품종혼합가공에 따른 맥주맥의 품질변이 (Effect of Storage Conditions and Varietal Mixture on Quality of Malting Barley)

  • 권용웅;이은섭
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.259-264
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    • 1990
  • 맥주맥은 품질이 대단히 중요하므로 원맥의 합리적인 품질유지 체계를 확립하기 위한 연구의 일부로서 원맥의 저장기간, 저장환경, 원맥의 등급, 원맥의 품종별 혼합가공시의 문제점들을 맥아제조면에서 실험 검토한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라 기후조건에서 상온실내 저장을 1년이상하면 2% 이상, 3년차에는 8% 이상의 발아율 감소를 초래하였으며 따라서 원맥의 저장기간을 단축해야 품질이 향상될 것이다. 2. 낮은 등급일수록 저장기간에 따른 원맥의 발아율 감소가 심하였으므로 하위 등급의 저장기간을 단축해야 한다. 3. 우리나라 양곡 저장고의 1급 창고에서는 15개월간의 저장기간에는 발아율에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 등외창고에서는 13개월 저장 이후 발아율이 급격히 감소되었다. 4. 1,000입중과 정립율은 16개월간 저장기간까지에 저장고의 등급과 저장기간에 따른 큰 변이가 없었다. 5. 두 품종의 혼합가공시의 입중 변이는 단일품종의 입중변이보다 커지며, 맥주맥의 맥아율은 종실의 크기와 품종에 따른 차이가 컸으므로 혼합가공을 피해야 하고 정립율 제고를 위한 육종과 아울러 맥아 생산단계까지는 품종별로 원맥의 생산, 축장 및 맥아제조가 이루어지는 체계수립이 절실히 요구된다.

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방사면역측정법에 의한 수도종자발아중 Abscisic Acid 함량변동 (Changes in Abscisic Acid level During Seed Germination of Rice by Radioimmunoassay)

  • 황태익;임현옥;김용재;이민화
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 1985
  • Abscisin산(ABA)의 방사면역측정법을 이용하여 발아과정에 있는 수도에 있어서 ABA함량이 어떻게 변동되는가를 구명하였다. 수도종자중에 함유된 ABA함량은 동진벼에 있어서는 76.5ng/g 건물중이었고 삼강벼는 91.1ng/g 건물중이었다. 발아중에 있는 수도의 ABA함량은 종자 침지후 24시간내에 크게 감소되었으며 이와같은 ABA감소율은 침지온도와 발아중 수분흡수율에 유의한 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 수도발아중 ABA의 감소는 조직내 ABA가 침지액중으로 일부 용출되고 일부는 조직내에서 다른 화합물로 대사되는 것에 기인함을 알 수 있었다. 수도의 발아는 체내의 함량이 일정수준 이하에서만 일어나며 발아중 ABA함량의 감소율이 수도의 품종간 저온 발아성과도 관련이 있었다.

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Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Seed Germination Inhibition in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Under Salt Stress

  • Muchlas Muchamad;Bok-Rye Lee;Sang-Hyun Park;Tae-Hwan Kim
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2023
  • The germination process is critical for plant growth and development and it is largely affected by environmental stress, especially salinity. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is well known to act as a signaling molecule in a defense mechanism against stress conditions but poorly understood regulating seed germination. In this study, the effects of NaHS (the H2S donor) pretreatment on various biochemical (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and amylase and protease activity) and physiological properties (germination rate) during seed germination of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Mosa) were examined under salt stress. The seed germination and seedling growth of oilseed rape were inhibited by NaCl treatment but it was alleviated by NaHS pretreatment. The NaCl treatment increased H2O2 content leading to oxidative stress, but NaHS pre-treatments maintained much lower levels of H2O2 in germinating seeds under salt stress. Amylase activity, a starch degradation enzyme, significantly increased over 2-fold in control, NaHS pretreatment, and NaHS pretreatment under NaCl during seed germination compared to NaCl treatment. Protease activity was highly induced in NaHS-pretreated seeds compared to NaCl treatment, accompanied by a decrease in protein content. These results indicate that NaHS pretreatment could improve seed germination under salt stress conditions by decreasing H2O2 accumulation and activating the degradation of protein and starch to support seedling growth.