• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1023-1029
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• 2007

Inhibins participate in the regulation of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis and secretion, follicular maturation and steroidogenesis in the female. Inhibin ${\beta}_A$ gene (INHBA) was studied as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of sheep. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the entire coding region and partial 3' untranslated region of INHBA were detected by PCR-SSCP in two high fecundity breeds (Small Tail Han and Hu sheep) and six low fecundity breeds (Dorset, Texel, German Mutton Merino, South African Mutton Merino, Chinese Merino and Corriedale sheep). Only the PCR products amplified by primers 3, 4 and 5 displayed polymorphisms. For primer 3, genotype CC was only detected in Chinese Merino sheep, genotype AA was detected in the other seven sheep breeds. Genotype BB was only detected in Hu sheep. Only Hu sheep displayed polymorphism. Eight or four nucleotide mutations were revealed between BB or CC and AA, respectively, and these mutations did not result in any amino acid change. For primer 4, genotypes EE, EG and GG were detected in Dorset and German Mutton Merino sheep, genotypes EE, EF and FF were detected in Chinese Merino sheep, only genotype EE was detected in the other five sheep breeds. Only Dorset, German Mutton Merino and Chinese Merino sheep displayed polymorphism. Sequencing revealed one nucleotide mutation ($114G{\rightarrow}A$) of exon 2 of INHBA gene between genotype FF and genotype EE, and this mutation did not cause any amino acid change. Another nucleotide change ($143C{\rightarrow}T$) was identified between genotype GG and genotype EE, and this mutation resulted in an amino acid change of $serine{\rightarrow}leucine$. For primer 5, genotypes KK and KL were detected in German Mutton Merino and Corriedale sheep, genotypes KK, LL and KL were detected in the other six sheep breeds. Genotype MM was only detected in Hu sheep. All of these eight sheep breeds displayed polymorphism. Sequencing revealed one nucleotide mutation ($218A{\rightarrow}G$) of exon 2 of the INHBA gene between genotype LL and genotype KK, and nine nucleotide mutations between genotype MM and genotype KK. These mutations did not alter amino acid sequence. The partial sequence (395 bp for exon 1 and 933 bp for exon 2) of the INHBA gene in Small Tail Han sheep (with genotype KK for primer 5) was submitted into GenBank (accession number EF192431). Small Tail Han sheep displayed polymorphisms only in the fragment amplified by primer 5. The Small Tail Han ewes with genotype LL had 0.53 (p<0.05) or 0.63 (p<0.05) more lambs than those with genotype KL or KK, respectively. The Small Tail Han ewes with genotype KL had 0.10 (p>0.05) more lambs than those with genotype KK.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.281-283
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• 2007

This study was conducted to survey of Ehrlichia (E.) canis and Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi antibodies among clinically healthy German shepherd dogs (116 females and 120 males) using a ELISA kit (SNAP 3Dx; IDEXX Laboratories, USA) in Korea. Whole blood samples are collected from the 236 dogs and are tested to detect E. canis and B. burgdorferi antibodies by using ELISA kit (SNAP 3Dx; IDEXX Laboratories, USA). Confidence interval comparisions revealed that dogs of 4-6 years have higher prevalence with a seropositive result (CI=0.17-0.45) in E. canis than the other age groups but there are no differences among age groups in B. burgdorferi. Also, no differences with a seropositive result were found among different regions in E. canis and B. burgdorferi antibodies. In conclusion, this study was the first large scale survey of canine E. canis and B. burgdorferi antibodies in Korea and provide an useful reference for clinicians.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Reference string recognition is to extract individual reference strings from a reference section of an academic article, which consists of a sequence of reference lines. This task has been attacked by heuristic-based, clustering-based, classification-based approaches, exploiting lexical and layout characteristics of reference lines. Most classification-based methods have used sequence labeling to assign labels to either a sequence of tokens within reference lines, or a sequence of reference lines. Unlike the previous token-level sequence labeling approach, this study attempts to assign different labels to the beginning, intermediate and terminating tokens of a reference string. After that, post-processing is applied to identify reference strings by predicting their beginning and/or terminating tokens. Experimental evaluation using English and German reference string recognition datasets shows that the proposed method obtains above 94% in the macro-averaged F1.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2010년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.37 No.1(B)
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• pp.216-221
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• 2010

초기 전자악기를 만드는 사람들은 자신들이 직접 만든 터치 장치를 사운드 조절에 이용하였다. 1982년에 첫 멀티터치 시스템이 개발되었고 21세기 초까지 많은 연구와 멀티터치 시스템의 성능 향상에도 불구하고 대중화의 길은 요원해 보였다. 그러나 2007년 애플의 아이폰을 시작으로 멀티터치 인터페이스는 큰 인기를 끌게 되었고 스마트폰을 통해서 대중들이 멀티터치 인터페이스의 특징을 보다 쉽게 체험 할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 흐름 속에서 멀티터치 인터페이스는 자연스럽게 사람들의 주목을 받으며 다양한 가능성을 보이고 있지만 관련 콘텐츠의 부재와 개발 인프라의 부족으로 인해 대중화의 길로 다가서기에는 여전히 부족한 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 현재의 멀티터치 인터페이스의 문제점을 지적하고 멀티터치 인터페이스 시장의 활성화와 멀티 터치 관련 콘텐츠 제작자를 위한 범용 멀티터치 인터랙션 시스템을 제안한다. 실험을 통해 제안한 시스템의 효율성을 입증하고 나아가 멀티터치 콘텐츠 시장이 발전할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-104
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• 1971

A case of honey cyst (cystic hygroma) occurring in a 3 year-old German Shepherd (♂) of ROKAF sentry dog was reported. The cyst was easily removed surgically. Grossly, it was located in sternohyoid muscle and measured $7{\times}8cm$ in diameter.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was aim to examine the effect of extract from several herbs on wound treatment which are grown naturally in Namwon province. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 6 of 2 group: control group (C, n=6), experimental group (E, n=6). Rats in E group had 3 sessions (everyday) for 4 days or 8 days of the extract treatment which was composed of German chemomile, Teatree and Lavender (CTL). Results: CTL extract on wound-induced mice showed significantly the increase of wound treatment rate (WTR), epidermal gap (EP) and collagen density (CD), compared with control. Conclusion: CTL extract may be a putative resources for cure or treatment of wound.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.814-824
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• 2005

This study analyzed and standardized the harmful substances of organic compounds(dioxins) in disposable diapers for infant's clothing. Commercial samples obtained from Korea, Japan, America and German were determined by HRGC/HRMS. Experimental Methods were consisted of comparision of extracting solvent, analysis of PCDD/Fs, and analysis of PCDD/Fs of extraction in disposable diaper. The results were as follows. No high TEQ values in TCDD(1), PCDD(0.5) and HxCDD(0.1) were found for commercial disposable diapers from country Korea, Japan, U.S.A and German. In extraction for 6hrs experiments, HpCDD and OCDD were detected in disposable diapers of U1, U2 and G2, respectively. In extraction fur 24hrs experiments, HpCDD, OCDD and OCDF were detected in disposable diapers of J3, U1, U2 and U3. So we need to set standards of measurement for harmful materials contained in textile goods. This will make a safe and comfortable clothing environment for all users, regardless of age.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.33-59
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• 2008

This paper aims to analyse the preference for German farm tourism among the German population. For this reason, we conducted an empirical study in Germany during summer 2007 and we applieda structural equation model based on partial leasts quares(PLS) to analyse the data. In the following chapters we will introduce the literature review and our conceptual frame work. We will then outline the procedures we adopted and the results of the empirical analysis. In the final part so me conclusions will be presented and a discussion will follow in order to draw the future directions of our research. According to our hypotheses, the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked set of an individual is higher: H1: The higher the information degree about it. H2: The lower the influence of the social stimuli. H3: The higher the physical exposure to it (experience). H4: The higher the wellness image of agri-tourism. H5: The higher the traditional image of agri-tourism. H6: The higher the exciting image of agri-tourism. H7: The higher the perceived value for money. Our further hypotheses affirm that the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked set of an individual is higher: H8: The lower the perceived risk. H9: The higher the motive to enjoy a holiday in the nature. H10: The higher the motive to enjoy a sport holiday. H11: The lower the motive to have an organized holiday. H12: The lower the motive to have a holiday abroad. H13: The lower the motive of action and night life. H14: The higher the motive to spend a holiday with the family. H15: The lower the motive to spend a city holiday. Finally, our model has some socio-demographics data. As we mentioned before, German agri-tourism has traditionally been the travel destination of large-size families, with low-to-middle income. For that reason, our final hypothesises are the following: the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked-set of an individual is higher: H16: The higher the number of family members. H17: The lower the family income. Since in this study we use a path model with a PLS approach, we are able to state some interrelations among the exogenous latent variables: H18: The motive of sport holiday has a positive influence towards nature motives. H19: The physical exposition to agri-tourism has a positive influence toward information. H20: The motive of family holiday has a negative influence toward the motive of action and night life. H21: Social stimuli have a positive influence towards individuals risk perceptions. H22: Social stimuli have negative influence towards experience. Data for this study were gathered via administrated questionnaires during the summer 2007 within the frame of an academic "marketing research" course. The corresponding t-values are assessed using the bootstrapping method with 500 re-samples. In our model 61% of the degree of appreciation of German agri-tourism (evoked set) is explained by five independent variables: value for money ($0.335^{{\ast}{\ast}{\ast}}$) (H7) experience ($0.267^{{\ast}{\ast}}$) (H3), exciting image ($0.204^{\ast}$) (H6) organisation ($-0.162^{\ast}$) (H11) and holiday abroad ($-0.156^{\ast}$) (H12). The variance explained ($R^2$) for the other endogenous variables are the following: nature 24.3%, information 14.1%, action holiday 13.8%, risk perception 5.8% and experience 2.4%. An overview can be inferred from table 5. The results also allow us to test each of the proposed hypotheses. With exception of organization and abroad, none of the others travel style factors (H9 to H15) seem to have any significant impact towards evoked set which leads to the rejection of the respective hypotheses. As expected, social stimuli have a significant influence on individuals' risk perception (H21 accepted), however neither the former nor the latter have a valuable impact on evoked set (rejection of H2 and H8). Besides, since the influence of social stimuli towards experience is not significant, also H22 has to be rejected. Experience influences information (H19 accepted) but the latter does not affect significantly the evoked set (H1 rejected). Both H4 as well as H5, referring respectively to the perceived images of German agri-tourism as a wellness destination and the traditional image of the German farm tourism have to be rejected. Finally, none of the demographic data included in the model explains significantly the variance of the factor evoked set. Therefore neither H16 nor H17 has been accepted. As far as the interrelation between sport and nature (H18) and family and action (H20) are concerned, the stated relationship among these variables has been statistically confirmed. Our path model based on partial least squares shows the factors influencing the preference for farm tourism in Germany. Among others value for money and experience are the most significant ones. Practical implications are discussed.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.171-195
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• 2013

산재보험의 현안 이슈 중의 하나는 인적 적용 범위에 관한 것이다. 우리나라에서는 근로기준법상의 근로자 개념과 산재보험법상의 근로자 개념을 일치시켜 적용하면서 사회적 보호 필요성이 제기되는 집단에 한정해서 특례규정을 적용하여 임시적으로 문제를 해결하여 왔다. 본 논문에서는 독일 사회법전과 문헌 연구를 통해 자원봉사자와 특수형태근로종사자 중심으로 독일 산재보험의 적용 방식을 분석하고 시사점을 도출하였다. 독일에서는 우리나라와 달리 의료기관이나 사회복지시설의 자원봉사자, 공공기관과 교회의 자원봉사자, 시민보호를 위한 자원봉사자, 생명구조 활동자, 헌혈자 및 장기 기증자 등을 법률에 의한 당연가입대상자로 적용하고 있다. 국가가 공익 목적의 자원봉사 활동을 적극 지원하여 자원봉사가 활성화되어 있으며, 이러한 지원의 일환으로 자원봉사 활동 관련 재해 위험을 산재보험제도를 통해 보호하고 있다. 산재보험의 적용대상이 종속적 고용관계에 있는 근로자에서 출발하여 확대되는 배경과 과정을 자원봉사자 중심으로 독일 문헌에 기초해 정리하였다. 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 독일 산재보험제도는 종속적 고용관계에 있지 않은 사회적 취약집단에게 재해 보호 서비스를 제공할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 둘째, 사회복지 분야 자원봉사자에게 재해 보호 서비스를 제공할 필요가 있으며 적용방법으로 산재보험제도를 활용하는 것이 바람직하다. 셋째, 사회복지 분야 자원봉사자를 산재보험 당연가입대상자로 설정하여 제도를 운영할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 특수형태근로종사자에 대해서는 우리나라가 독자적인 해결방안을 강구해야 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1102-1106
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• 2009

The Tibetan Mastiff is one of the most archaic, ferocious and the largest dogs in the world. The Kunming dog is the chief working-dog breed in China. In this study, ten microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships in six dog breeds, including Tibetan Mastiff, Kunming dog, Belgian Malinois, Labrador Retriever, English Springer Spaniel, and German Shepherd. The highest genetic diversity was exhibited by the Tibetan Mastiff, indicating useful protection and little inbreeding in the modern Tibetan Mastiff. Higher genetic diversity was observed in European breeds, supporting the hypotheses that breeders outcross their pure breed dogs occasionally to avoid deleterious effects in Europe. Evolutionary relationships showed that English Springer Spaniel and Labrador Retriever were clustered together, then with the Tibetan Mastiff, consistent with previous cluster results. German Shepherd and Kunming dog were grouped together, coinciding with the breeding history of Kunming dog. It is the first time that Tibetan Mastiff and Kunming dog have been analyzed with microsatellites.