• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.329-334
• /
• 2004

Ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury of the rat testis causes germ cell death and infiltration of inflammatory cells. To investigate the mechanism of germ cell death in torsion of the rat testis, apoptosis and macrophage activation were studied using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) method and immunohistochemistry in the testes of Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to 1.5 h of ischemia, followed by 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h of reperfusion. Apoptotic, TUNEL-positive cells were found at the base of the seminiferous epithelia after I/R. TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased 6 h after repair of the torsion, and there was a significant peak in apoptosis 24 h after reperfusion, as compared with normal or sham-operated controls. In contrast, histological evidence of germ cell necrosis in the seminiferous tubules was first visible 24 h after reperfusion. In the testis of sham-operated rats, ED2-positive resident macrophages were found diffusely in the interstitial space, while ED1-positive monocyte-like macrophages were rarely found. After I/R, ED1-positive cells were significantly increased beginning 12 h after reperfusion, while ED2-positive immunoreactivity did not change during the experimental period. Together, the results of this study confirmed that increased numbers of ED1-positive macrophages, but not resident ED2-positive macrophages, infiltrated the interstitial space surrounding damaged tubules and induced germcell death.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제64권4호
• /
• pp.654-670
• /
• 2022

Spermatogenesis and testis development are highly structured physiological processes responsible for post-pubertal fertility in stallions. Spermatogenesis comprises spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. Although germ cell degeneration is a continuous process, its effects are more pronounced during spermatocytogenesis and meiosis. The productivity and efficiency of spermatogenesis are directly linked to pubertal development, degenerated germ cell populations, aging, nutrition, and season of the year in stallions. The multiplex interplay of germ cells with somatic cells, endocrine and paracrine factors, growth factors, and signaling molecules contributes to the regulation of spermatogenesis. A cell-tocell communication within the testes of these factors is a fundamental requirement of normal spermatogenesis. A noteworthy development has been made recently on discovering the effects of different somatic cells including Leydig, Sertoli, and peritubular myoid cells on manipulation the fate of spermatogonial stem cells. In this review, we discuss the self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptotic roles of somatic cells and the relationship between somatic and germ cells during normal spermatogenesis. We also summarize the roles of different growth factors, their paracrine/endocrine/autocrine pathways, and the different cytokines associated with spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we highlight important matters for further studies on the regulation of spermatogenesis. This review presents an insight into the mechanism of spermatogenesis, and helpful in developing better understanding of the functions of somatic cells, particularly in stallions and would offer new research goals for developing curative techniques to address infertility/subfertility in stallions.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.979-986
• /
• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the case of intracranial germ cell tumor-induced central diabetes insipidus (CDI) in a child treated with Korean herbal medicine. Methods: A nine-year-old female patient diagnosed with intracranial germ cell tumor-induced CDI suffering from polyuria, polydipsia, and headache was hospitalized. Nocturia frequency and 24-hour urine volume were assessed. Results: The patient was treated with Korean medicine, including Nokyong-hwan. As a result of the 6-day inpatient treatment, nocturia frequency was decreased 3-4 times to 0-1 time, and 24-hour urine volume was decreased. Conclusion: Korean medicine, including Nokyong-hwan, may be considered an optional treatment for releasing the symptoms of intracranial germ cell tumor-induced CDI. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제22권10호
• /
• pp.1650-1657
• /
• 2021

Metastatic mature teratoma is a common radiologic and histopathologic finding after chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. The leading theory for these residual tumors is the selective chemotherapy resistance of teratomas versus the high chemotherapy sensitivity of the embryonal components. Growing teratoma syndrome is a relatively rare phenomenon defined as an enlarging residual mass histologically proven to be a mature teratoma in the setting of normal serum tumor markers. Metastatic mature teratomas should be resected because of their malignant potential and occasional progression to growing teratoma syndrome with the invasion of the surrounding structures. CT is the preferred imaging modality for post-chemotherapy surveillance and should cover all sites of potential metastatic disease. This article reviews the clinical, pathologic, and multimodality imaging features of metastatic mature teratomas in patients with primary testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제58권2호
• /
• pp.184-187
• /
• 2005

종격동에 발생하는 생식세포종양에서 미성숙 기형종과 정상피종이 혼합된 경우는 매우 드물며 예후는 좋지 않은 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 객혈을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 수술로 확진한 미성숙 기형종과 장상피종이 혼합된 생식세포 종양의 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.485-492
• /
• 2003

The pathological mechanism of impaired spermatogenesis after vasectomy has not been completely investigated. In this study, we examined pathological changes of the testis and the Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) mediated signaling pathway in apoptotic germ cell death after vasectomy in rats. Ten-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were underwent bilateral vasectomy and sacrificed after 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks of surgery and the testes were removed. Histopathological evaluation of spermatogenesis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff-hematoxylin staining. To elucidate the pathophysiology of seminiferous tubule damage, terminal dUTP nick end labeling staining, electrophoresis assay of DNA fragmentation, and Western blotting analysis for Fas-FasL were performed. Relative weights of testes were decreased from 5 days after vasectomy. Germ cell degeneration were first found in the spermatogonia and spermatocytes at stages I-VI, and XII-XIV seminiferous tubules. Mean incidence of apoptotic germ cells after vasectomy progressively increased to peak in 5 days, and then gradually decreased to the control levels in 2 weeks after vasectomy. The expression of Fas-FasL reached maximum level at 5 days after vasectomy and then declined. In conclusion, impaired spermatogenesis after vasectomy associated with an increase in germ cell apoptasis, which is partly mediated by the activation of Fas-FasL.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 1999

저자 등은 아무런 증상이 없던 37세 남자에서 후종격동에서 발생하였고 진단당시 증상이 없었으며 암표식자의 증가를 동반하지 않았던 비전형적인 원발성 종격동 태생암 l례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제20권8호
• /
• pp.1204-1209
• /
• 2010

We evaluated the antibacterial activities of selected edible Korean plant seeds against the food-borne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus KCTC1927, Escherichia coli KCTC2593, Salmonella typhimurium KCTC2054, and Bacillus cereus KCTC1014. While screening for antibacterial agents, we discovered that wheat germ extract contains 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) and is highly inhibitory to S. aureus and B. cereus. This is the first report of the antibacterial activity of wheat germ extract. We also investigated the antibacterial activities of the 1,4-benzoquinone standards 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), hydroquinone (HQ), methoxybenzoquinone (MBQ), and 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ). DMBQ and BQ were the most highly inhibitory to S. aureus and S. typhimurium, followed by MBQ and HQ. MICs for DMBQ and BQ ranged between 8 and 64 ${\mu}g/ml$ against the four foodborne pathogens tested. DMBQ and BQ showed significant antibacterial activity; the most sensitive organism was S. aureus with an MIC of 8 ${\mu}g/ml$. BQ exhibited good activity against S. typhimurium (32 ${\mu}g/ml$) and B. cereus (32 ${\mu}g/ml$). The results suggest that wheat germ extract has potential for the development of natural antimicrobials and food preservatives for controlling foodborne pathogens.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 1996

본 연구는 생쥐의 고게정관내에 존재하는 분화단계의 정자세포를 발생단계별로 분리하여, 체외에서 단기간 배양체계를 확립하기 위하여 실시하였다. 8주령 이상된 생쥐의 정소로부터 정소막을 제거시킨 후, collagenase (1mg/ml), trypsin(2.5mg/ml)를 처리하여 곡세정관을 간질세포와 분리하여 배양액에 부유시켰다. 부유세포는 Celcep장치를 이용하여 세포크기와 밀도 차이에 의해 분화 단계별로 분리하였다. 회수된 세포의 균질성은 haematoxylin/eosin 또는 orcein으로 염색한 후, 광학현미경하에서 확인한 결과 약 85% pachytene spermatocyte와 round spermatid을 성공적으로 분리해냈다. 따라서 sedimentation velocity에 의해서 생쥐의 spermatogenic cell의 발달단계별 분리가 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 방법으로 분리된 pachytene spermatogenic cell들은 DMEM 배양액에서 6일 이상 배양한 결과 약 36%의 생존율을 보였다. 따라서, 분화단계별 정자 세포의 분리 및 배양체계의 확립은 웅성생식세포의 발생과정에 따른 생리 또는 분자생물학적 현상을 규명함은 물론 세포융합기술의 이용에 의한 형질전환동물 생산에의 응용을 통해 가축에 있어서의 형질전환 생산효율의 개선에 기여할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.585-590
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral-administered sex hormone for hybrid sturgeon, bester juvenile. The bester juveniles (2 months after hatching) were received a diet containing various doses of $17\alpha$-methyltestosterone (MT) or estradiol-$17\beta$ ($E_2$) for 6 months. Somatic growth of bester sturgeon juvenile did not show significant differences between experimental and control groups (27.9-30.5 cm; 125.1-161.7 g), although survival percentages showed a decreasing tendency in MT-treated animals. By histological examination, germ cells were recorded as smooth type in MT-treated fish and uneven type of germinal epithelium in $E_2$-treated animals. Their sex ratios were 5:4:1 (male: female: undifferentiation) in control and low dose of MT-treated fish (1 mg/kg), and 9:1:0 in fish treated with high dose of MT (10 mg/kg), whereas the ratios were reversed by both low and high doses of $E_2$ treatment, recorded as 2:8:0. Gonadal areas were not significantly differed in all trials (424,600.4 - 1,039,656.3 ${\mu}m^2$). Total number of germ cells, number of germ cells per gonadal areas and number of germ cells per area were significantly higher to 144.7-148.7 cells/section, 374.0-408.5 $cells/mm^2$ and 1,599.5-1,670.9 $cells/mm^2$ in $E_2$ treatment than those of others (30.4-63.9 cells/section, 148.4-226.9 $cells/mm^2$ and 850.0-1,050.6 $cells/mm^2$), respectively. And somatic growth according to their gender was not significantly differed between male and female.