• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Leggings are recognized as unique fashion items that meet the needs of customers to express individuality due to their protective and thermal functions. They are highly practical fashion items that show a casual, street and sportive style with a noted influence on outdoor leisure fields. This study analyzes the sociocultural background for the spread of leggings as well as their design characteristics, coordination characteristics and authentic characteristics. The formative characteristics of modern legging designs are as follows. First, the shapes of modern leggings are ankle-length, calflength, above-knee, knee-length, stirrup and top of the foot-length. Leggings are transformed in many ways: length-expansion, side-slit, unbalanced length, variations of straps, cut-out, trimmings, pattern transformation and complex form. Second, modern leggings contain achromatic colors in modern and sensual image, vivid colors in sportive image and metallic colors futuristic and technical image. Third, leggings patterns value originality, uniqueness and rarity as shown by printed geometric patterns, hand crafted geometric and natural patterns, and abstract patterns expressed through various materials and themes. Fourth, modern leggings' textures are categorized into erotic, simply-functional, seasonless, glossy, and metallic. Functional and fashionable leggings reflect the psychological needs of modern society. This study suggests a direction for the development of legging designs and provides a theoretical database for higher value-added leggings business.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.504-513
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• 2013

This study evaluates the difference of visual effect according to pant style and geometric pattern. The researcher made 28 stimuli-combination of four pant Stiles (classic, baggy, skinny, and bell-bottom) and seven geometric pattern (large vertical stripe, small vertical stripe, large horizontal stripe, small horizontal stripe, large check, small check, and hound's tooth check). The test involved 96 female college students. The stimuli were made with the i-Designer computer program. The panels tested the computer screen images of all manikins wearing pants. A 7-point scale was used to evaluate each image. For the data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were applied along with an SPSS program. The results of this study are as follows. Three factors (lower-body compensation, abdomen highlight, and length compensation) influenced the visual effect pant styles and geometric patterns. The skinny style and large vertical stripe evaluated positively in elongated height and leg length and a slimmer overall body. It was shown that the vertical stripe pattern was evaluated as more positive than the horizontal stripe pattern in the visual effect; particularly, the results showed distinct aspects in the classic pants style. The mutual influence of the visual effect (according to pants style and geometric pattern) were indicated as two factors of lower-body compensation and length compensation. A more positive visual effects resulted in a higher mutual influence on pant style and geometric pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.193-210
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• 2024

The portrait featuring Jo Ban(1341-1401), a scholar-official from the late Goryeo and early Joseon period, and his wife is the oldest surviving couple portrait in Korea. It is of great value in uncovering the clothing culture of the period given the limited number of historical artifacts and records. This study examines the historical clothing and textile patterns of Jo Ban's wife and reproduces them using 3D fashion design software program CLO. She wears jokduri, chima, and baeja over layers of jeogori, a mixture of traditional Korean and Chinese styles. Her clothing illustrates eight patterns-one flower, five geometric, and two cloud. Records and relics of similar periods show that flower and geometric patterns in her clothing follow the prevailing styles of Goryeo, while the cloud patterns are representative of early Joseon. These details are used to reproduce six different styles of Jo Ban's wife with CLO tools. Various visualizations of textile patterns are applied to materials, generating a more realistic look than her existing 3D character created with the portrait. Results of this study are expected to help promote the use of Goryeo clothing and patterns in numerous designs and enhance intuitive understanding of Goryeo clothing based on 3D visualization.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.619-636
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• 2012

The main purpose of this study was to explore the process of generalization generated by mathematically gifted students. Specifically, this study probed how fourth, fifth, and sixth graders might generalize geometric patterns and represent such generalization. The subjects of this study were a total of 30 students from gifted classes of one elementary school in Korea. The results of this study showed that on the question of the launch stage, students used a lot of recursive strategies that built mainly on a few specific numbers in the given pattern in order to decide the number of successive differences. On the question of the towards a working generalization stage, however, upper graders tend to use a contextual strategy of looking for a pattern or making an equation based on the given information. The more difficult task, more students used recursive strategies or concrete strategies such as drawing or skip-counting. On the question of the towards an explicit generalization stage, students tended to describe patterns linguistically. However, upper graders used more frequently algebraic representations (symbols or formulas) than lower graders did. This tendency was consistent with regard to the question of the towards a justification stage. This result implies that mathematically gifted students use similar strategies in the process of generalizing a geometric pattern but upper graders prefer to use algebraic representations to demonstrate their thinking process more concisely. As this study examines the strategies students use to generalize a geometric pattern, it can provoke discussion on what kinds of prompts may be useful to promote a generalization ability of gifted students and what sorts of teaching strategies are possible to move from linguistic representations to algebraic representations.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 1995

Crystal boundaries in igneous rocks are genetically classified in order to predict the geometric patterns of the boundaries which may aid deciphering the textural code in igneous rocks. Crystal boundaries may be formed by two end-member processes;(1) mechanical and (2) chemical removal of interstitial melt. Mechanical removal of the melt will form displacement impingement boundaries, while chemical removal of the melt will form growth impingement boundaries. The positions of boundaries relative to the material points may be affected by secondary processes such as (1) migration and (2) dissolution. The geometric features of crystal boundaries, suggested in this study, may be useful when studying igneous textures and processes, although it may be impossible to determine the suggested features with the analytical techniques currently avilable.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.9 no.3 s.23
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• pp.275-284
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• 2005

Tessellations are the pattern of iterations of geometric symmetry and translation. We can find them in the works of Escher who is the famous Dutch artist, and the American Indean life. Also, we can find the beauty of tessellations in the Korean traditional house door, Buddist temple architecture, palace's fence, etc. In the article, the figures of patterns we present are bird, fish, cat, pig, elephant, penguin, child and horse riding man, including Escher's, which are constructed using the computer geometric program, GSP (Geometer's Sketchpad). We want to talk about girl's disposition toward mathematics related to the figures. If they are supported by this kind of interesting figures constructed by their own hands, students will have more interest in learning geometric figures.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.709-723
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• 2024

We study the distributions of waiting times in variations of the geometric distribution of order k. Variation imposes length on the runs of successes and failures. We study two types of waiting time random variables. First, we consider the waiting time for a run of k consecutive successes the first time no sequence of consecutive k failures occurs prior, denoted by T^(k). Next, we consider the waiting time for a run of k consecutive failures the first time no sequence of k consecutive successes occurred prior, denoted by J^(k). In addition, we study the distribution of the weighted average. The exact formulae of the probability mass function, mean, and variance of distributions are also obtained.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.775-781
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• 2012

There are various kinds of patterns on Li brocade textile of Hainan province in China. Those patterns are rich and colorful. Li (黎族) traditional brocade is an ancient exquisite craftsmanship and a world cultural heritage. This study analyzed and categorized Li brocade pattern of traditional Chinese textiles. Li (黎族) traditional brocade is an ancient exquisite craftsmanship. Based on the research of classifications of Li brocade patterns, expound the application of women's costume. The patterns of Li brocade textile of Hainan province analyzed through three levels: design transforming, meaning prolongation, and refining spirit. The patterns were explored the feasibility way to inherit the patterns of Li brocade for the modern fashion product design. The results showed that Li brocade textile pattern of Hainan province were images sourced from local environment and geographical terrain. They contained the nation's history memory, religion, hope for life of the Li nationality. Those patterns can be categorized as human figure pattern, animal pattern, geometric pattern, appliance or architecture pattern, and Chinese character pattern.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.313-326
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• 2007

Recently in algebra curriculum, to recognizes and explains general nile expressing patterns is presented as the one alternative and is emphasized. In the seventh School Mathematic Curriculum regarding 'regularity and function' area, in elementary school curriculum, is guiding pattern activity of various form. But difficulty and problem of students are pointing in study for learning through pattern activity. In this article, emphasizes generalization process through research activity of pictorial/geometric pattern that is introduced much on elementary school mathematic curriculum and investigates various approach and strategy of student's thinking, state of symbolization in generalization process of pictorial/geometric pattern. And discusses generalization of pictorial/geometric pattern, difficulty of symbolization and suggested several proposals for research activity of pictorial/geometric pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2004

This study examined the kinds, shape, technique, and arrangement of pattern for the Korean traditional women costume between 1995 and 2002. The sources used this study were collected from the magazine “HANBOK, ONGOJISHIN, BEAUTIFUL OUR DRESS” Results were as follows 1) In the kinds of pattern, the most pattern of use was the flower pattern, and the geometric pattern showed the trend of increase. these results mean the use of pattern lately is progressed by the new direction. 2) In the shape of pattern, the style shapes were decreased gradually and the geometric shapes were increased. these results show that the modern beauty is chased. 3) In the technique of pattern. the results viewed that the embroidery technique used in the meantime decreased and the JOGAKBO technique increased. 4) In the arrangement of pattern, the modern arrangement was most superior in the most of year. That is estimated the arrangement of pattern have been chased the modern beauty than the others of pattern.