• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to understand changes of the current young generation's lifestyle, aesthetic attitude for an appearance, and way of thinking by making a close investigation into metrosexual, the recent mode, and find out its cultural and social implications. As a method of the study, the literature and the Internet data were reviewed. Articles from newspapers, magazines and the Internet were chosen roughly from the year 2000 to now because metrosexual mode remarkably boomed before and after 2000. Books related to the theory on the mode in a costume culture were referred. Also, articles in daily newspapers which dealt with cultural and social issues were reviewed, fashion magazines for men such as Esquire and GQ showing the new trend in men's lifestyle and fashion were examined, and the Internet providing us the latest news from cultural and social topics to fashion trends were investigated. The backgrounds of the rise of metrosexual mode were a collapse of stereotypes in various fields, spread of lookism in a visual image period, extension of commercialism, and expansion of men's character casual trend. Metrosexual was defined as an urban male with a strong aesthetic sense who spends a great deal of time and money on his appearance and lifestyle. His fashion style was characterized by slim and flowing silhouette, feminine and luxurious materials such as transparent chiffon, silk and cotton with a light and soft touch, and a knitted wear with a flowing line, a wide variety of vivid and pastel colors, floral and geometric patterns, and the decorative details like lace, beads, embroidery, and fur. From spread of this mode, two cultural and social implications were extracted. Firstly, the current young generation's aesthetic standards for the perfect man changed from macho man to considerate man who had a good appearance and this suggested that a conventional sex role broke down. Secondly, men began to explore for their own identity escaping from traditionally standardized masculinity that they had been forced to follow.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2003

Digital watermarking is a technique embedding hidden information into multimedia data imperceptibly such as images and sounds. Generally an original image is transformed and coded watermark data is embedded in frequency domain watermarking models. In this paper, We propose a new data embedding method using Fresnel transform. A watermark image is fresnel-transformed and the intensity of transformed pattern is embedded into original image. Our watermarking model has the flexibility In data embedding. It is possible to get many embedding patterns from a single watermark image by using various distance parameters with Fresnel transform. All kinds of image models such af shape, letter and photo ran be used as a watermark data. The watermarking experiments were conducted to show the validity of the proposed method, and the results show that our method has the robustness against lossy compression, filtering and geometric transformation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.2 s.113
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• pp.139-149
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• 2006

Earlier research works focused on the seasonal patterns and bio-geochemical processes in sand dunes, and the satellite data and aerial photographs have been used only as a backdrop or for the multi-temporal delineation of sand dune area. In order to find the optimal way to extract features' characteristics, Gimnyeong sand dune area was selected as a study site. Field works have been carried out three times to collect ground control points and sand samples for laboratory analyses. The texture of sand dune is classified as fine sand, which has been derived from shell fragments. The sand dune penetrated into the island from northwest to southeast direction. An aerial photograph was re-sampled into one-meter resolution and rectified with software including Erdas Imagine and ENVI. Sub-scenes were chosen as samples for sand dune, urban area and rural area. K-group non-parametric analysis had been done for the geometric and spectral values of enclosed texture patches. Urban areas proved to have significant smaller patches than the others.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2010

Knit fabrics are created on diverse machines with diverse knit loops and conditions to make different patterns and fabric types. Dimensional modifications of knit fabrics can also be achieved by numerous methods such as different knit-loop structures, different types of yarns, or different finishing processes including heat setting, steaming, chemical treatment et cetera. This research develops and explores sophisticated three-dimensional knit fabrics by combining the several different knit stitches including rib and purl. This study focuses on 3D knit models created on modern electronic weft (flat V-bed) knitting machines which have capability of individual needle selection. Several samples of the 3D knitted fabrics are also examined in this research. This research furthermore suggests new types of knitted fashion garment made by using the interesting physical effects.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.121-142
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• 2001

The goal of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement(NAEA) 2001 was to affirm the accountability of school education, to scientifically manage and elevate the quality of education at the national level, and to articulate the final design of the NAEA. It was implemented on June 28th of the year 2001. The assessment frame for NAEA includes the achievement standards, the assessment standards, the instruction for the item development, and the grading policy for mathematics subject. Most of items are multiple-choice types, but the performance-based items should be at least thirty percent of the total items, also 30% in case of mathematics. Approximately 1% of students among entire population of the Grades 6 were randomly selected. Therefore, the finally sampled examines were 8023 at Grade 6. The result of the analysis of the NAEA revealed that Grade 6 students was labelled as ‘average’ level in general (Number and Operation: average, Geometric figures: average, Patterns and Functions: excellent, Measurements: average, Letters and Expressions: average, Probability and Statistics: average). The most characteristic finding was that except for Grade 6(its average is 69.92), most secondary students obtained low test scores and its average of each grade is below 50 out of 100. Especially, the scores on the performance-based items were by and large very low. This finding implies that Korean students are not familiar with the kind of test items which requires expression of ideas and feelings and they are rather familiar with the multiple-choice items. Another interesting finding was that the students in small towns and remote areas showed significantly low scores in all four skills compared with Seoul, metropolitan cities and medium and small cities. This may be attributed from the fact that the remote areas do not have equal learning environment with regard to social and cultural experience, supply of various teaching materials, extracurricular lessons which are directly related to teaching and learning. These findings may be utilized as a reliable resource fur improving curriculum and teaching and learning in Mathematics.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 1995

The CAD/CAM system for the manufacturing automation is the newest technology in mechanical engineering area and becomes the important research subject nowadays. Most of all hardwares and softwares for the CAD/CAM system used in the our manufacturing companies such as automobile company are developed by the foreign country and the purchasing price of them is very expensive but their applicability to a certain area is very limited. This study was conducted to develope a CAD/CAM system for the design and the automatic manufacturing of the iron pattern shaped with 3 - dimensional free curved surface, and to test its applicability to the design and the manufacturing of the rotary blade. The results obtained from the study are as follow; 1. The CAD system which can process graphic procedures from the free curved surface shaped data was developed with personal computer. 2. The CAM main program was developed. This main program could produce CL data from CAD data file by checking the tool interference according to the cutting mode. 3. The sub. program which can simulate the tool trace from the CL data was developed. 4. The post processor for the Deckel FP2NC NC milling machine from CL data file was developed and the sub program could transmit NC program through modem to NC milling machine was developed. 5. The developed CAM system seemed to be applicable to any other system. Because the measuring results of the cross sectional thickness of the plastic model from the manufacturing iron pattern by the system showed that this system could properly check the tool interference. 6. In took 75~90 hours to manufacture two iron patterns of rotary blade. For the sake of convenience in applying to the other systems, this system was developed in BASIC and FORTRAN computer language and minimum portion of machine language as possible.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and propose creative smart bags in emotional e-textiles using LEDs that inform smartphone users of motion-induced luminescence and ringing of cell phones. The LED light-emitting operation tasks produced in the study were applied to each of the three design smart bags, setting the five cases of luminance by a call initiated, absent phone, rejecting answering phone, texting, and motion-induced luminescence. In the male laptop bags of LED luminous images using wappen, 10 LEDs could be separated by a total of three pins to display the luminous mode, and all 10 LEDs became a total of five luminous patterns, including all that illuminate and those that illuminate randomly. E-wappen rendered the motif a strong sense of visibility and performed six roles on phone rings and texting. To develop a women's tote bag, we did a laser cut and attached the leather strips and placed 10 triangular LEDs to form a geometric LED e-textile. It provides the possibility of transforming simple design from traditional fashion into a more interesting and various smart designs. An entertainment smart bag using graphic design was constructed by applying a tilt sensor to look like a light in the night sky by shaking and moving the bag. The graphic design and composition of LEDs indicate that LEDs and fashion item are applied in harmony rather than heterogeneous, enabling them to be applied as fashion-oriented wearable smart products.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.151-166
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the Russian abstract artist Kazimir Malevich's works during the period of absolutism and thereupon, suggest some knitwear designs practical, decorative and creative. For this purpose, the researcher reviewed domestic and foreign literature, dissertations and academic journals to determine the Russian abstract fine art and the significance of Kazimir Malevich's works in the history of arts and thereupon, examined Malevich's works or the champions of absolutism in terms of their geometric formative elements or forms and colors. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, paintings may be important motives for the contemporary costume designs, while being a major driving power for development of some original designs depending on artists' personal thoughts and expression techniques. Second, this study is deemed to suggest creative and original techniques and motive applications for fashion designs by introducing the elements of Kazimir Malevich's paintings into costume designs, and provide for an opportunity to suggest new values by combining arts and fashion. Third, the knit jacquard technique, one of the major techniques for the knit design works using Kazimir Malevich's absolutism works, is considered a tubular jacquard featuring the deepest sense of thickness. The intarsia technique is preferred in the recent trend for light fabric because it features clear background patterns and allows for thinner fabric. Lastly, it is hoped that this study will serve to expand the domain of expression by means of an art marketing or meeting between arts and fashion in our contemporary industries.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.85-102
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• 2006

Statement of problem: Currently, there are some 20 different geometric variations in implant/abutment interface available. The geometry is important because it is one of the primary determinants of joint strength, joint stability, locational and rotational stability. Purpose: As the effects of the various implant-abutment connections and the prosthesis height variation on stress distribution are not yet examined this study is to focus on the different types of implant-abutment connection and the prosthesis height using three dimensional finite element analysis. Material and method. The models were constructed with ITI, 3i TG, Bicon, Frialit-2 fixtures and solid abutment, TG post, Bicon post, EstheticBase abutment respectively. And the super structures were constructed as mandibular second premolar shapes with 8.5 mm, 11 mm, 13.5 mm of crown height. In each model, 244 N of vertical load and 244 N of $30^{\circ}$ oblique load were placed on the central pit of an occlusal surface. von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the crowns, abutments, fixtures. Results: 1. Under the oblique loading, von Mises stresses were larger in the crown, abutment, fixture compared to the vertical loading condition. 2. The stresses were increased proportionally to the crown height under oblique loading but showed little differences with three different crown heights under vertical loading. 3. In the crown, the highest stress areas were loading points under vertical loading, and the finish lines under oblique loading. 4. Under the oblique loading, the higher stresses were located in the fixture/abutment interface of the Bicon and Frialit-2 systems compared to the ITI and TG systems. Conclusions: The stress distribution patterns of each implant-abutment system had difference among them and adequate crown height/implant ratio was important to reduce the stresses around the implants.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.1025-1034
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• 2009

In steel making production line, steel slabs are given a unique identification number. This identification number, Slab management number(SMN), gives information about the use of the slab. Identification of SMN has been done by humans for several years, but this is expensive and not accurate and it has been a heavy burden on the workers. Consequently, to improve efficiency, automatic recognition system is desirable. Generally, a recognition system consists of text localization, text extraction, character segmentation, and character recognition. For exact SMN identification, all the stage of the recognition system must be successful. In particular, the text localization is great important stage and difficult to process. However, because of many text-like patterns in a complex background and high fuzziness between the slab and background, directly extracting text region is difficult to process. If the slab region including SMN can be detected precisely, text localization algorithm will be able to be developed on the more simple method and the processing time of the overall recognition system will be reduced. This paper describes about the slab region localization using SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform) features in the image. First, SIFT algorithm is applied the captured background and slab image, then features of two images are matched by Nearest Neighbor(NN) algorithm. However, correct matching rate can be low when two images are matched. Thus, to remove incorrect match between the features of two images, geometric locations of the matched two feature points are used. Finally, search rectangle method is performed in correct matching features, and then the top boundary and side boundaries of the slab region are determined. For this processes, we can reduce search region for extraction of SMN from the slab image. Most cases, to extract text region, search region is heuristically fixed [1][2]. However, the proposed algorithm is more analytic than other algorithms, because the search region is not fixed and the slab region is searched in the whole image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a good performance.