• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.421-435
• /
• 2022

The necessity of estimating the time and cost required for tunnel construction has led to extensive research in this regard. Since geological conditions are significant factors in terms of time and cost of road tunnels, considering these conditions is crucial. Uncertainties about the geological conditions of a tunnel alignment cause difficulties in planning ahead of the required construction time and costs. In this paper, the continuous-space, discrete-state Markov process has been used to predict geological conditions. The Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation (MCS) method is employed to estimate the construction time and costs of a road tunnel project using the input data obtained from six tunneling expert questionnaires. In the first case, the input data obtained from each expert are individually considered and in the second case, they are simultaneously considered. Finally, a comparison of these two modes based on the technique presented in this article suggests considering views of several experts simultaneously to reduce uncertainties and ensure the results obtained for geological conditions and the construction time and costs.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.295-303
• /
• 2002

암반사면의 붕괴형태는 원호, 평면, 쐐기 또는 전도파괴로 구분하며, 각각의 붕괴는 역학적인 안정조건을 벗어날 경우 붕괴가 발생하는 것으로 평가한다. 특히, 암반사면 평면파괴는 절리면의 방향성에 대하여 일반적으로 '활동가능성이 있는 면의 주향과 절취사면의 주향의 차이가 약 20$^{\circ}$ 이상일 경우에는 발생하지 않는 것으로 알려져 있고 설계되고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 안정조건을 만족한 경우라도 사면의 붕괴가 빈번히 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이러한 안정된 사면조건에도 불구하고 현장 지형여건상 붕괴가 발생한 사례를 중심으로 국내 암반사면의 평면파괴조건을 제시하였다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.305-311
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 심지층 처분장 부지선정 시에 고려되는 요소를 지질, 수리지질, 지화학 등으로 분류하고 그 첫 번째 단계로 지질분야의 세부 항목을 지형, 토양층, 암종, 구조지질, 역학적 안정성, 지질학적사건으로 분류하였으며, 이들 항목에 대한 국외 기준분석을 수행하였다. 부지선정요소(Siting factor)에 대한 기준(Criteria)은 각 국가의 처한 지질환경에 따라 다른 조건 혹은 값을 제시하고 있다. 화산 및 지진활동이 빈번한 일본에서는 이에 대한 기준을 상대적으로 자세히 기술하고 있으며, 빙하작용이 예상되는 스웨덴에서는 빙하작용에 의한 지반 융기 침식에 대한 영향을 상세히 분석하였다. 따라서, 본 논문 결과는 향후 국내의 심지층 처분장 부지선정 기준 수립시에 중요한 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 2016

This experimental study was aimed to estimate interfacial tension of brine-$CO_2$ by using a pendant bubble method and image analysis. Measurements were performed for wide ranges of temperatures, pressures, and salinities covering reservoir conditions in Pohang basin, a possible candidate for $CO_2$ storage operation in Korea. The profiles of $CO_2$ bubbles in brine obtained from image analysis with the densities of brine and $CO_2$ from previous studies were applied to Laplace-Young equation for calculating interfacial twnsion in brine-$CO_2$ system. The experimental results reveals that the interfacial tension is significantly affected by reservoir conditions such as pressure, temperature and water salinity. For conditions of constant temperature and water salinity, the interfacial tension decreases as pressure increases for low pressures (P < $P_c$), and approaches to a constant value for high pressures. For conditions of constant pressure and water salinity, the interfacial tension increases as temperature increases for T < $T_c$, with an asymptotic trend towards a constant value for high temperatures. For conditions of constant pressure and temperature, the interfacial tension increases with increasing water salinity. The trends in changes of interfacial tension can be explained by the effects of the reservoir conditions on the density difference of brine and $CO_2$, and the solubility of $CO_2$ in brine. The information on interfacial tensions obtained from this research can be applied in predicting the migration and distribution of injecting and residual fluids in brine-$CO_2$-rock systems in deep geological environments during geological $CO_2$ sequestrations.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2000

This paper presents the construction planning and the detail design of a 16.2 km long railroad tunnel in a mountainous area. Major design conditions for railroad are the single track, loop-typed alinement, and a maximum grade of 24.5$\textperthousand$. A underground station(double track) with a length of 1.1km is located in the middle of the line for train cross-passing. Tunnel is excavated in highly complex geological conditions including faulted areas, abandoned mine works areas, and various rock types such as sandstone, shale, limestone, and coal seam partly. Drilling and blasting method was adopted because it is more flexible than TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine) as a result of risk assessment for geological conditions in this area. Two working adits were planned to adjust the construction schedule and can be used for ventilation and maintenance in operation phase. New material and concept were introduced to the tunnel drain design. They are expected to improve tunnel drain condition and capability. Rational tunnel support design was tried to consider the various tunnel size and purpose and to use the geological investigation results.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2021

최근 도시화가 가속화됨에 따라 지하공간 개발을 위한 굴착공사가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으며, 암반 굴착 시 해당 구간의 지질 상태를 정확히 파악하는 것은 안전한 시공을 위해 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 터널 발파 진동을 저감시키기 위해 대구경 무장약공을 천공하는 MSP 공법을 활용하여 굴착면 전방의 지질 특성을 파악하기 위해 천공경로 및 지반탐사 복합시스템을 개발하였다. 제안된 탐사 시스템은 NATM 터널 공사를 위해 천공된 대구경 심발공을 활용해 굴착면 전방 50 m 구간의 지질 정보를 획득할 수 있다는 큰 장점이 있다. 또한, 제안된 탐사 시스템을 현장에 적용하고 대구경 무장약공 내부를 모니터링하여 터널 굴착면 전방의 지질 상태를 평가한 사례를 소개한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2022

Complex geological conditions have a great influence on the mining of coalbed methane (CBM), which affects the extraction efficiency of CBM. This investigation analyzed the complicated geological conditions in the Liujia CBM block of Fuxin. A geological model of heterogeneities CBM reservoirs was established to study the influence of strike direction of igneous rocks and fault structures on horizontal well layout. Subsequently, the dual-porosity and dual-permeability mathematical model was established, which considers the dynamic changes of porosity and permeability caused by gas adsorption, desorption, pressure change. The results show that the production curve is in good agreement with the actual by considering gas seepage in matrix pores in the model. Complicated geological structures affect the pressure expansion of horizontal wells, especially, the closer to the fault structure, the more significant the effect, the slower the pressure drop, and the smaller the desorption area. When the wellbore extends to the fault, the pressure expansion is blocked by the fault and the productivity is reduced. In the study area, the optimal distance to the fault is 70 m. When the horizontal wellbore is perpendicular to the direction of coal seam igneous rock, the productivity is higher than that of parallel igneous rock, and the horizontal well bore should be perpendicular to the cleat direction. However, the well length is limited due to the dense distribution of igneous rocks in the Liujia CBM block. Therefore, the horizontal well pumping in the study area should be arranged along the direction of igneous rock and parallel plane cleats. It is found that the larger the area surrounded by igneous rock, the more favorable the productivity. In summary, the reasonable layout of horizontal wells should make full use of the advantages of igneous rock, faults and other complex geological conditions to achieve the goal of high and stable production.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2018

Under repeated loading, the residual stresses within the subgrade and subsoil can accelerate the deformation of the road structures. In this paper, a series of laboratory cyclic loading model tests and small-scale model tests were conducted to investigate the dynamic stress response within soils under different loading conditions. The experimental results showed that a dynamic stress accumulation effect occurred if the soil showed cumulative deformation: (1) the residual stress increased and accumulated with an increasing number of loading cycles, and (2) the residual stress was superimposed on the stress response of the subsequent loading cycles, inducing a greater peak stress response. There are two conditions that must be met for the dynamic stress accumulation effect to occur. A threshold state exists only if the external load exceeds the cyclic threshold stress. Then, the stress accumulation effect occurs. A higher loading frequency results in a higher rate of increase for the residual stress. In addition to the superposition of the increasing residual stress, soil densification might contribute to the increasing peak stress during cyclic loading. An increase in soil stiffness and a decrease in dissipative energy induce a greater stress transmission within the material.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.495-504
• /
• 2016

International standards recommend typical phases to be included within any national program for the development of a geological repository dedicated to disposal of the high level radioactive wastes generated in countries using nuclear power. However, these are not universally applicable and the content of each of these phases may need to be adapted for each national situation and regulatory and institutional framework. Several national geological repository programs have faced failures in schedules and have revised their programs to consider an adapted phased management approach. The authors have observed that in the case of those countries in the early phases of a geological repository program where boundary conditions have not been fully defined, international recommendations for handling delays/failures in the national program might not immediately help. This paper considers a case study of the influences of the national context risks on the current planning schedule of the Romanian national geological repository. It proposes an optimum solution for an integrated response to any significant adverse impact arising from these risks, enabling sustainable program planning.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.233-246
• /
• 2022

In this study, the city of Osijek is used as a case study area for low to medium seismicity regions with deep soil over deep geological deposits to determine horizontal PGA values. For this reason, we propose new regional attenuation equations for PGA that can simultaneously capture the effects of deep geology and local soil conditions. A micro-zoning map for the city of Osijek is constructed using the derived empirical scaling equations and compared to all prior seismic hazard estimates for the same area. The findings suggest that the deep soil atop deep geological sediments results in PGA values that are only 6 percent larger than those reported at rock soil sites atop geological rocks. Given the rarity of ground motion records for deep soils atop deep geological layers around the world, we believe this case study is a start toward defining more reliable PGA estimates for similar areas.