• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.578-592
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• 2001

Based on a survey sample of farm households in three provinces of Korea, this article reports the perspectives of fuel-time farmers regarding trade liberalization, its effects on their lives, and the future of small-scale farming. While the agricultural sector is being transformed under neoliberal policies, farmers, with life or no preparation for a global market order, are forced to modernize their farming operations. The findings from the survey indicate that farmers accede to terms of global integration in principle while disapproving state rural policies in practice. The survey data also confirm that intra-regional differences in farmers'perceived satisfaction with living conditions, government farm policies, and socio-economic/labor issues. Disparities in the degree of discontent with government policies and socio-economic well-being are explicit between the relatively diversified region of Kyonggi Province and the farming-dependent regions of Chunbuk and Kyongbuk Provinces. The overall findings uphold that most farmers who have not been fully exposed to free market mechanisms are confronted by increased uncertainties and economic hardships. The findings propound that agricultural/rural policies need to reflect long-term, macroeconomic changes, and regionally/locally-based agricultural structure.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2012

The objective of this paper is to propose a methodology for surface sediments classification in tidal flats that can combine ground survey data with high-resolution remote sensing data by multivariate kriging. Unlike conventional methodologies that have classified remote sensing data by using pre-classified sediment components, a new classification methodology presented in this paper first generates sediment component fraction maps and then classifies the sediments on a final stage. For generating sediment component fractions, regression kriging, as one of multivariate kriging algorithms, is applied to integrate ground survey data and remote sensing data. First, trend components of sand, silt, and clay are derived through regression analysis of ground survey data and spectral information from remote sensing data. Then, residuals at sample locations are computed and interpolated to generate residual components in the study area. Finally, the sediment component fractions are computed by adding the residuals to the trend components and are classified on a final stage. A case study at the Baramarae tidal flats with KOMPSAT-2 imagery is carried out to evaluate the classification capability of the proposed classification methodology. Through the case study, the proposed methodology showed the best classification accuracy, compared with the conventional classification methodologies. Especially, much improvement of classification accuracy for fine-grained sediments were also obtained. Therefore, it is expected that the presented classification methodology would be an effective one for surface sediments classification in tidal flats.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.654-676
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• 2012

This study aims to develop an ecoregion classification using a multi-hierarchy of environmental factors for spatial patterns in the capacities and potentials of ecological systems in mountain regions. To achieve the objectives, we describe the spatial distribution of environmental factors and identify the multi-hierarchy of these factors using spatial statistics. Lastly, we assess ecosystem-units using both a forest type map (yung & kung) and a forest soil map in order to present a ecoregion classification. This study was performed at a $1,168km^2$ area in Gangwon-do, Korea. Sedimentary rocks, particularly limestone (36.6%) exist in high proportions in the research area. While higher mountains are present in the north and central Korean peninsula, plain areas show large proportions along Odae and Pyeongchang river. In a multi-hierarchy, geology and elevation are identified as upper levels and landform classification (surface curvature, upslope area) is considered as a lower level. 'Geology+elevation+landform' shows equally higher ${\chi}^2$ values than that of other classifications and we map ecoregions based on this result. Uniqueness of environmental characteristics in the research area such as high proportions of sedimentary rocks and higher elevations influences our ecoregion classification. We are looking forward to considering this study as an effective approach to integrating various ecological themes for mountain ecosystem management.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.3 s.120
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• pp.355-367
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• 2007

As the global warming has been influenced on various sectors including agriculture, fisheries and health, it is essential to project more accurate future climate for an assessment of climate change impact and adaptation strategy. The purpose of this study is to examine the boundary changes in the subtropical climate region in South Korea using observed 30-year(1971-2000) data and projected 100-year data based on the IPCC SRES A1B emission scenario. We have selected Trewartha's climate classification among various climate classification, defining the subtropical climate region as the region with monthly mean temperature $10^{\circ}C$ or higher during 8-12 months. By observed data, the subtropical climate region was only limited in Jeju-do and the farmost southern coastal area(Busan, Tongyeong, Geoje, Yeosu, Wando, Mokpo) of South Korea. The future projected climate region for the period of 2071-2100 included have shown that subtropical climate region extended to most of stations except for the ares of Taebaeksan and Sobaeksan Mountains.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.389-406
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to examine the climate change impact assessment on Korean water resources considering the uncertainties of Global Climate Models (GCMs) and hydrological models. The 3 different emission scenarios (A2, A1B, B1) and 13 GCMs' results are used to consider the uncertainties of the emission scenario and GCM, while PRMS, SWAT, and SLURP models are employed to consider the effects of hydrological model structures and potential evapotranspiration (PET) computation methods. The 312 ensemble results are provided to 109 mid-size sub-basins over South Korean and Gaussian kernel density functions obtained from their ensemble results are suggested with the ensemble mean and their variabilities of the results. It shows that the summer and winter runoffs are expected to be increased and spring runoff to be decreased for the future 3 periods relative to past 30-year reference period. It also provides that annual average runoff increased over all sub-basins, but the increases in the northern basins including Han River basin are greater than those in the southern basins. Due to the reason that the increase in annual average runoff is mainly caused by the increase in summer runoff and consequently the seasonal runoff variations according to climate change would be severe, the climate change impact on Korean water resources could intensify the difficulties to water resources conservation and management. On the other hand, as regards to the uncertainties, the highest and lowest ones are in winter and summer seasons, respectively.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.76-101
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• 2021

This paper analyzes two cases of space tokenization, Meridio and QuantmRE, to explore the potential of tokenization as a new means of space financialization. Space tokenization is based on blockchain technology and security token offering (STO). Although some financial geographers noted the possible impact of blockchain technology on space financialization, it has not been examined in depth. Therefore, this paper demonstrates space tokenization cases in detail. Meridio and QuantmRE suggest financial structures that convert space into tokens based on fractional ownership transactions. QuantmRE, specifically, allows a homeowner to secure cash without either debt or ownership relinquishment through sales of tokenized home equity. As this method takes a form of sale transaction rather than a loan, it enables financial institutions to circumvent strengthened regulation on loans after the 2008 global financial crisis. Moreover, even "house poor" households, who own houses but lack cash due to excessive loans, can cash out from their properties through QuantmRE. As such, space tokenization enables financial institutions to overcome constrained conditions after the global financial crisis, thereby reproducing space financialization. Space tokenization also has the potential to geographically expand space financialization through stimulating investment in the depressed housing market.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.351-365
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• 2019

This study aims to predict the changes in population distribution in Korea by considering spatio-temporal characteristics of major migration reasons. For the purpose, we analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of each major migration reason(such as job, family, housing, and education) and estimate the transition probability, respectively. By appling Markov chain model processes with the ChapmanKolmogorov equation based on the transition probability, we predict the changes in the population distribution for the next six years. As the results, we found that there were differences of population changes by regions, while there were geographic movements into metropolitan areas and cities in general. The methodologies and the results presented in this study can be utilized for the provision of customized planning policies. In the long run, it can be used as a basis for planning and enforcing regionally tailored policies that strengthen inflow factors and improve outflow factors based on the trends of population inflow and outflow by region by movement factors as well as identify the patterns of population inflow and outflow in each region and predict future population volatility.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.3 s.114
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• pp.361-372
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to analyze temporal trends and spatial distribution of frost occurrence days using 54 weather stations under the Korea Meteorological Administration during the recent 30years ($1971{\sim}2000$). The frost occurrence days in the middle inland area was more than in the coastal area, but the period of free-frost days in the coastal area was longer than that in the middle inland. In the southern and eastern coastal areas, the frost day was more than in the western coastal area. The distribution of the first frost day was similar to that of the last frost day. The first frost day in the coastal area appeared a month later than that in the middle inland. The last frost day in the coastal area appeared $20{\sim}25$ days later than that in the middle inland. At most of stations which the first frost day was getting delayed and the last frost day earlier, the frost occurrence days showed a decreasing trend. However, in some stations, the frost occurrence day was increasing. As the frost days in October, March and April at some stations showed an increasing trend, the damage due to the frost might be increased in some areas in South Korea.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.903-915
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• 2020

Long-term high-resolution hydro-meteorological data has been recognized as an essential element in establishing the water resources plan. The increasing demand for spatial precipitation in various areas such as climate, hydrology, geography, ecology, and environment is apparent. However, potential limitations of the existing area-weighted and numerical interpolation methods for interpolating precipitation in high altitude areas remains less explored. The proposed PRISM (Precipitation-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) model can produce gridded precipitation that can adequately consider topographic characteristics (e.g., slope and altitude), which are not substantially included in the existing interpolation techniques. In this study, the PRISM model was optimized with SCEM-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis-University of Arizona) to produce daily gridded precipitation. As a result, the minimum impact radius was calculated 9.10 km and the maximum 34.99 km. The altitude of coastal weighted was 681.03 m, the minimum and maximum distances from coastal were 9.85 km and 38.05 km. The distance weighting factor was calculated to be about 0.87, confirming that the PRISM result was very sensitive to distance. The results showed that the proposed PRISM model could reproduce the observed statistical properties reasonably well.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.779-790
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• 2021

Film literacy comprises the process of producing a new creation through understanding the elements that make up a film, the content of a film, and a critical and creative thinking process. Film literacy is employed in fields such as composition, science, social studies, and geography, and, additionally, it is used to cultivate humanities literacy and critical thinking skills. Yet despite the large proportion of the film script in the movie, it is not easy to find literacy education cases that use film English as a teaching method. Film English is a practical and authentic material, and is suitable as an English learning material in an EFL context like Korea. However, the approach of using films to teach and learn differs according to the content and genre of a film. Thus, the teacher may have a difficult time organizing and preparing for class. This study suggests six class activities that can be commonly applied to English classes using films based on the areas of critical, cultural, and creative (3Cs) activities. Four hundred and five college students taking Movie English classes participated in the present study and frequency analysis was conducted to find out their preferences through a questionnaire survey. The results from conducting class activities in university liberal arts classes suggest that the most preferred activities of students are related to cultural, critical, and creative, in that order. Creative activities that are far beyond English instruction utilizing various digital tools or providing additional reading materials can be a burden on learners.