• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2010

"Bonchogyeongjipju(本草經集注)" is a pharmacological classic published in the Southern and Northern Dynasties(南北朝時代, 420-589 A.D.) in China by Dohonggyeong(陶弘景, 456-536 A.D.). In "Bonchogyeongjipju(本草經集注)", Dohonggyeong(陶弘景) edited "Sinnongbonchogyeong(神農本草經)", the earliest classical text about material medica containing notes for 365 drugs, by adding another 365 drugs and further information from "Myeong-uibyeollok(名醫別錄)" and writing extended commentaries on them. His commentaries include changes in the geographical distribution, identification of varieties and other various special characteristics. The original text had gradually disappeared after other pharmacological classics were published such as "Sinsuboncho(新修本草)", in Dang Dynasty(唐代), "Gyeongsajeungryubigeupboncho(經史證類備急本草)" in Song Dynasty(宋代). All of these books were based on "Bonchogyeongjipju(本草經集注)", so the original text can be seen indirectly through these later sources. In the early 1900's, a transcribed manuscript of the preface "Bonchogyeongjipju(本草經集注)" was found almost wholly preserved except the first three lines, in the Makgo(莫高) cave of Donhwang(敦煌). Broken strips of transcribed "Bonchogyeongjipju(本草經集注)" have also been excavated in Turfan[吐魯番], which shows its original form written in red and black ink. Mayanagi Makoto[眞柳誠] researched on Donhwang(敦煌) and Turfan[吐魯番] editions, ascertained their existence and explained their bibliographical and historical facts. Sangjigyun(尙志鈞) restored "Bonchogyeongjipju(本草經集注)" based on other related sources such as Donhwang(敦煌) and Turfan[吐魯番] editions. " Bonchogyeongjipju(本草經集注)" can be said as the locus classicus(典範) of herbal medicine, that is most of the following materia medica was based on it. It makes it possible to pass down "Sinnongbonchogyeong(神農本草經)" to posterity and provide a foundation for herbal medical development.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.77-92
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• 2001

In this study, the number of theses conducted in 1990's for the master's degree in mathematics education was investigated in terms of their fields and themes. These theses were analysed as to how much they had been studied according to the field and whether they had conformed to the expectations and requirements for research in mathematics education under the current educational curriculum. Futhermore, this study aimed to discover advancing directions of research in mathematics education. The results are as follows: First, the rate of annual thesis presentations decreased as many as 3.82% in 1994 compared with the previous year, but the rate increased steadily in the other years showing an overall annual average increase of 8.41%. Second, in the geographical distribution of thesis presentations among local provinces, Seoul represented the highest frequency at 41.13% and Cheju Island the lowest at 1.68%. When the annual thesis presentations were analysed among regions, their number increased steadily in Seoul, but fluctuated in most other regions. Third, regarding study themes, theses on mathematics education formed 70.91% of the total while those focusing on pure mathematics formed 29.09%. Among the theses of mathematics education, most were based on teaching curriculums and the least were based on education assessment. Among the theses on teaching curriculum, teaching analytics formed the highest rate. Theses on education technology, such as computerizing and computing, have shown to be increasing annually and formed 8.95% of the total in 1999. The study also indicated that especially in the late 1990's, there have been many designed programs based on the Web, like JAVA and CGI, and studies on teaching and teaming methods using the internet.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.387-397
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• 2009

Physical activity has been increased with increased leasure time. Specifically, due to our mountainous geographical benefits, people actively participate in hiking and climbing as regular daily activities. Thus, more stable and comfortable hiking boots are required to walk on uneven and sloped rocky surface for a long period of time. 5 male subjects were recruited for testing planter pressure patterns of four different conditions(barefoot, classic hiking boot, stiffness 60 and stiffness 65). Tested hiking boots(stiffness 60 and stiffness 65) consists of the multiple pieces of outsoles as they are designed for a better shock absorption. In the results, some positive aspects of stiffness 60 and stiffness 65 such as wide contact area and powerful propulsive patterns at take off was observed compared to the classic hiking boots. Therefore, biomechanical development of hiking related clothes and footwear as well as equipment would be beneficial for people who enjoy hiking to maximize their quality of activities.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2018

한반도 고유 식물자원인 특산식물 물들메나무의 지리학적 분포 범위에 대한 고찰을 시도 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 IUCN 적색목록 평가 자료 확보를 위해 IUCN Red List Criteria B의 분포범위(Extent of occurrence)와 점유면적(Area of occupancy)을 측정하였다. 물들메나무 분포도 작성을 위해 분포가 언급된 관련 문헌자료, 국립수목원 표본관(KH) 소장 표본정보, 국가생물종지식정보시스템(Nature) 종발생정보 DB, 그리고 현장조사 자료를 활용하였다. 이를 통해 한반도 특산식물 물들메나무는 지리산을 중심으로 전라남 북도, 경상남 북도 및 충청북도에 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 북방한계지역은 경상북도 보현산으로 추정된다. 수집된 분포정보를 바탕으로 IUCN Red List Criteria B의 분포범위(Extent of occurrence)과 점유면적(Area of occupancy)을 계산한 결과 각각 $25,183km^2$, $96km^2$로 나타났다. 하지만 정확한 보전지위 평가를 위해서는 점유면적, 분포범위, 서식지 면적, 개체군 크기에 대한 지속적인 하락과 극단적인 변동을 측정할 수 있는 모니터링과 객관적인 자료가 요구된다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.93-109
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• 2008

The morphological variation was analysed to examine previous hypotheses on the taxonomy of B. amurensis complex which includes B. amurensis Rupr. var. amurensis, B. amurensis var. quelpaertensis (Nakai) Nakai and B. amurensis var. latifolia Nakai. The results from the univariational and principal components analyses employing 22 putatively diagnostic characters indicate that B. amurensis var. quelpaertensis is distinct from var. amurensis in the length and width of leaves, angle of leaf apex, distance between spinose teeth, length of internode, number of flowers per inflorescence, whereas B. amurensis var. latifolia is different from other varieties in the angle of leaf apex and leaf length/width ratio. In principal component analysis, the characters of the leaf including leaf width and length were the main characteristics to distinguish those three taxa. The evidence both from the principal components analyses and current geographical distribution pattern suggest that retaining the varietal status for the two taxa, B. amurensis var. latifolia and B. amurensis var. quelpaertensis is reasonable.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2010

Sequences of the trnL/F intergenic spacer of chloroplast DNA were used to investigate the intraspecific evoution and phylogeography of Sedum takesimense (Crassulaceae). The trnL/F intergeneric spacer sequences from 32 individuals of S. takesimense were either 291 bp (17 samples "without indel" in the following) or 297 bp (15samples "with indel 1") in length due to an indel of 6 bp. Two main cpDNA haplotypes were detected within S. takesimense. The haplotype with indel was found on Ulleung Island and without indel on Ulleung Island and Dok Island. This confirmed the existence of two cpDNA lineages with different geographical distributions. The cpDNA sequence analysis also suggested a putative long-distance dispersal event between Ulleung Island and Dok Island.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

For the preliminary step for estimating the performance of roof-type photovoltaic system in urban areas, we analyzed the solar radiation reduction ratio by shadow effect by buildings using DSM (Digital Surface Model) and GIS (Geographical Information System) tools. An average loss by the shadow is about 19% in Seoul. The result was related to the building density and distribution. Monthly results show that the winter season (December and January) was more affected by the shading than during the summer season (June and July). It is expected that useful empirical formulas can be made if more detailed correlation studies are performed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.555-561
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the suitable place for growth by analyzing the ecological environment of multi-use tree species to be spontaneous in Chungbuk Province, and derive the suitable place for forestation. At the test of the independence of multi-use tree species, as the significant correlation of the other tree species except Quercus acutissima - Zanthoxylum schinifolium was different by the survey location, it is concluded that the share relation of the ecological niche among tree species is largely influenced not only by the affinity of tree species but the growth environment. As the result of the correlation analysis between environment factors and tree clusters, it was analyzed that tree clusters were much influenced by the topography and the altitude among the variable environment factors; the topography, altitude, the direction of hillside, the slope and the number of tree species appearing. It was investigated that the cluster of Acer mono - Betula costata was distributed to the valley from low hillside to have high altitude, and the clusters of Kalopanax pictus - Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla - Rhus trichocarpa were sporadically distributed to broad location because their geographical adaptation powers are high.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.109-127
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• 2011

Atmospheric aerosols, small particles in the atmosphere, are one of the important parameters in climate change and human health. Additionally, accurate estimates of aerosol species are increasingly important in environmental impact assessment studies. Recent advances in global satellite remote sensing provide powerful tool for air quality monitoring. This study explores the potential usage of satellite derived data such as atmospheric aerosols for air quality monitoring as well as climate change study. The objectives of this study is to understand the general features of the global distribution of type dependent aerosols. A detailed spatio-temporal variability of the each different satellite dataset shows the variation of the global zonal average and specific geographical regions where the strong emission sources are located. Especially, significantly large aerosol amounts are observed in Asia and Africa because of the desert dust storm, anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.612-625
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• 2017

To grasp the algal vegetation using the occurred species number, biomass and dominant species, this study was performed in the subtidal zone of Muan-gun, in the intertidal zone of Jindo-gun and in the intertidal zone and subtidal zone of Geomundo, the south-eastern coast of Jeollanamdo, Korea in the spring 2014. The total occurred species was 140 ones including 10 chlorophytes(7.14%), 54 phaeophytes(38.57%) and 76 rhodophytes(54.29%); the biomass was $70,484g{\cdot}w{\cdot}w/m^2$ in total. The flora charateristic using R/P ratio, geographical distribution pattern of algae, at the Station 9-1(intertidal zone) in Geomundo was tropical; the flora at the Station 6 (Maengseong-ri, Sanjodo, Jindo-gun) and the Station 9-2(subtidal zone) in Geomundo were mixed; the others were arctic to temperate. The physiognomic types were also shown. Each species was classified into six functional-form groups, and two ecological state groups(ESG) were evaluated based on these groups. The coarsely branched-group of functional-form groups was 44% of total occurred species. The ESG II in all study sites was high, and this is maybe due to the environmental stress such as pollution and disturbance, etc.