• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2011

Black-billed magpies (Pica pica) are a highly sedentary species due to their short and round wings, which are not adequate for long distance flights. We investigated geographic variation in the vocal signals of magpies residing in South Korea and Japan (subspecies sericea). Based on the magpie's limited dispersal ability, we predicted that the variation in vocal signals of black-billed magpies could be explained by geographic barriers such as mountain ranges and straits. We analyzed four-syllable chatter calls of magpies from five localities in South Korea, which are separated by mountain ranges (Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju, and Busan), and two island localities separated from the mainland by straits (Jeju in Korea and Saga in Japan). We found significant differences in the characteristics of magpie chatter calls recorded in the seven localities, and the variation pattern was independent among the variables. Mainland-island differentiation and north-south differentiation were observed. In general, magpies on Saga were the most distinctive. North-south differentiation was observed among the Korean mainland localities. However, the pattern was not related to the presence of putative geographic barriers. We hypothesize that the patterns of geographic variation in the structure of magpie chatter calls residing in South Korea might have been shaped by a sudden expansion of magpies followed by low level of local isolation, which may have led to vocal differentiation. Along with elucidating the vocal environment of Korean magpie populations, more extensive sampling is needed to clarify the functional aspects of geographic variation in the vocal signals of Korean magpies.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잠사학회 2003년도 제46회 춘계 학술연구 발표회
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• pp.42-42
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• 2003

The wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina, was believed the only ancestor of B. mori, inhabits the limited area of Eastern Asia including China, Korea and Japan. However, the geographic dimorphism of B. mandarina was reported with chromosome number and arylphorin gene. In connection with those dimorphism, we studied the genetic differences of ITS-2 region in rDNA purposing the differentiation and geographic variation within the species of B. mandarina. (omitted)

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.263-263
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world's third largest food crop after wheat and corn. Geographic authentication of rice has recently emerged as an important issue for enhancing human health via food safety and quality assurance. Here, we aimed to discriminate rice from six Asian countries through geographic authentication using combinations of elemental/isotopic composition analysis and chemometric techniques. Principal components analysis could distinguish samples cultivated from most countries, except for those cultivated in the Philippines and Japan. Furthermore, orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis provided clear discrimination between rice cultivated in Korea and other countries. The major common variables responsible for differentiation in these models were ${\delta}^{34}S$, Mn, and Mg. Our findings contribute to understanding the variations in elemental and isotopic compositions in rice depending on geographic origins, and offer valuable insight into the control of fraudulent labeling regarding the geographic origins of rice traded among Asian countries.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1998

Gentic diversity of 42 isolates of Phomopsis citri was analyzed with random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and fungicide resistance. RAPD profiles of genomic DNA of the isolates of P. citri and the degrees of their resistance to the fungicides mancozeb and propineb suggested the occurrence of genetic differentiation of P. citri distributed in Cheju. The isolates showed genetically diverse RAPD profiles according to the host species collected even from the same collection site and also according to the geographic origin collected even from the same host species. High levels of resistance to fungicides mancozeb and propineb were observed among the isolates of P. citri. However, there was no correlation between RAPD profiles of genomic DNA and levels of fungicide resistance of the isolates, suggesting that fungicide resistance of P. citri occurred irrespective of the host and geographic origin.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2013

북방계 식물들의 잔존적 피난처인 아고산대에 분포하는 식물들은 기후변화에 따른 자생지 환경변화로 인해 멸종 및 멸절 위험에 크게 직면해 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 한반도의 남부지역 아고산대에 제한적으로 분포하고 있는 특산식물이며 희귀식물인 설앵초(Primula farinosa subsp. modesta (Bisset & Moore) Pax)에 대한 유전적 다양성과 지리적 분화 양상을 구명을 통한 보존전략을 수립하기 위해 3지역 6집단 165개체를 대상으로 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 집단 수준의 유전 다양성의 평균은(P = 60.62, SI = 0.299, h = 0.190) 유사한 생활사를 갖는 다년생 초본류의 평균보다 낮은 수준이었으며, 이형화주의 특징을 갖는Primula속의 근연 분류군들에 비해서도 다소 낮은 결과를 보였다. 유전적 분화도 구명을 위해 AMOVA(Analysis of molecular variance) 분석 결과 전체 유전변이 중 약 50%가 지역 간에 분포하는 결과를 보여 종내 지역간 분화도가 매우 높은 수준으로 판단되며, Bayesian cluster 분석 결과에서도 조사된 세 지역이 각각 독특한 유전적 cluster를 형성함으로써 개체군간 유전자 이동이 매우 제한적임을 암시하였다. 따라서 설앵초 집단의 급속한 분획화와 낮은 수준의 유전적 다양성, 지역간 높은 분화도 등의 특성들을 고려하여 설앵초 집단의 개체군 감소 및 멸절 방지를 위한 현지 내 외 보전 전략 수립이 시급한 것으로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2001

Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of firefly in Japan have been reviewed. Fourty-six lampyrid species and one rhagophthalmid are distributed in the Japanese Islands including the Ryukyus. Recently, molecular phylogenetic approaches have been employed in the systematic study of firefly using mitochondrial and luciferase genes. Based on the molecular phylogenetic trees, evolutionary process of flashing patterns related strictly to mating behavior was estimated. Furthermore, genetic diversity studies revealed geographic differentiation patterns within species, and conservation measures of firefly were proposed to protect genetic resources endemic to the localities.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.279-289
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• 2015

소나무의 유전다양성과 유전구조를 추정하기 위해 9개의 ESTP 표지를 13개 소나무 집단에 적용하였다. 소나무 집단의 유전다양성은 관찰된 대립유전자 수(A)가 2.2개, 유효 대립유전자 수(A_e)가 1.8개, 다형적 유전자좌 비율(P)이 98.8%, 이형접합도 관찰치(H_o)가 0.391, 이형접합도 기대치(H_e)가 0.402로 나타났다. 안강과 강릉 집단을 제외한 11개 집단이 하디-바인베르그 평형을 만족하였다. 집단간 유전분화도(F_ST)는 0.057으로, 동위효소나 nSSR 표지분석 결과보다 강하게 나타났다. 군집분석에서 집단의 유전적 거리와 지리적 분포간에 뚜렷한 연관성은 확인할 수 없었으며, 집단의 유전분화와 지리적 인접성도 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다(Mantel 검증, r = 0.017, P = 0.344). 유전자좌에 대한 F_ST-outlier 분석을 실시한 결과, 빈도주의 방법에서는 F_ST 값이 신뢰하한 이하인 3개 유전자좌와 신뢰상한 이상인 3개 유전자좌가 특이값으로 추정되었고, 베이즈 방법에서는 3개 유전자좌들만 특이값으로 확인되었다. 두 방법에서 공히 특이값으로 판정된 3개 유전자좌(sams2+AluⅠ, sams2+RsaⅠ, PtNCS_p14A9+HaeⅢ)중 sams2 표지에서 유래된 2개 유전자좌는 balancing selection의 영향을 받는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2001

We investigated the variations of the flowering response to daylength in Perilla crop (var. frutescens). Seventeen accessions of Perilla crop and one accession of weedy type of var. crispa from China, Korea and Japan were cultivated under three daylength conditions, i.e., short-days, natural daylength and long-days. Most accessions of Perilla crop from China, Korea and Japan were divided into three types, early maturing type, intermediate maturing type and late maturing type by their natural flowering habit. In most of the accessions used, the flowering habit was significantly accelerated by short-day conditions and was delayed by long-day conditions. All the accessions of Perilla crops flowered within 57 days under the 10 hrs light treatment, whereas they did not flower at all even at 170 days after sowing under the 16 hrs light treatment. Thus, this finding suggested that there is a relationship between the types of flowering response to daylength and the geographical distribution which determines the planting season in traditional cultivation practices of Perilla crops. Positive correlation was observed between days to flowering and plant height or internode number in both the short-day and natural daylength conditions. Whereas, correlation was negative between days to flowering and inflorescence length or floret number in natural daylength condition, but it was positive in the short-day condition. Therefore, the daylength condition is considered as the most important environmental factor for flowering habit and morphological characters of Perilla crops. Flowering habit is considered as an important key character for the study of geographical differentiation of Perilla crop in East Asia.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.702-711
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• 2011

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), one of the minor crops grown in Korea belonging to the Polygonaceae family, is an annual crop widely cultivated in Asia, Europe, and America and has a character of outcrossing and self-incompatibility. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variability, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of buckwheat landraces of Korea using SSR markers. Ten microsatellite markers have been detected from a total of 79 alleles among the 179 buckwheat accessions were collected from Korea. The number of allele per marker locus ($N_A$) ranged from 2 (GB-FE-001, GB-FE-043 and GB-FE-055) to 31 (GB-FE-035) with an average of 7.9 alleles. GB-FE-035 was the most polymorphic with the highest PIC value 0.93. Major allele frequencies ($M_{AF}$) for the 10 polymorphic loci varied from 0.12 to 0.97 with a mean allele frequency of 0.57. The expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) values ranged from 0.05 to 0.94 with an average of 0.53. The observed heterozygosity ($H_O$) ranged from 0.06 to 0.92 with an average of 0.42. The overall polymorphic information contents (PIC) values ranged from 0.05 to 0.93 with an average of 0.48. The landrace accessions of buckwheat used in the present study were not distinctly grouped according to geographic distribution. The study concludes that the results revealed genetic differentiation was low according to the geographic region because of outcrossing and self-incompatibility. We reported that our analyses on the genetic diversity of common buckwheat cultivars of Korea were performed by using of microsatellite markers.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.259-267
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• 1998

A deletion of one out of the two copies of 9-bp repeat sequence (CCCCCTCTA), between the cytochrome oxidase II and Iysine tranfer RNA (COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$) genes in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used as a polymorphic anthropological marker for people of east Asian origin, and to lesser extent, Pacific and African populations. We searched for the 9-bp deletion of the intergenic COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$ Lys region in two Korean populations (175 from Seoul and 38 from Cheju) and examine the distibution of this deletion in world populations. The 9-bp deletion was detected directly by electrophoresis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified nucleotide(nt) 8211-8310 mtDNA fragment. The frequencies of the 9-bp deletion were significantly different between the Seoul (16%) and Cheju (8%) populations. Examination of data from the world populations suggests a geographic gradient. The frequency reaches its highest values in some Pacific island populations and decreases along the southeast Asia-Siberia transect. In spite of this geographic gradient, Mongoloid populations including Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and Mongolian populations were relatively homo-geneous with regard to the 9-bp deletion type of the intergenic COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$ region. These results indicate Koreans are genetically related to northeast Asian populations, and have a maternal mongoloid ancestry. Therefore, the 9-bp deletion of the intergenic COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$ region will provide significant information to elucidate the historical patterns of migration of the Mongoloids.