• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2005

Sheep production is affected by genetic and non-genetic factors. A knowledge of these factors is essential for efficient management and for the accurate estimation of breeding values. The objective of this study was to establish the non-genetic factors which affect birth weight and weaning weight in Dorper, Mutton Merino and indigenous Sabi sheep breeds. A total of 2,625 birth and weaning weight records from Grasslands Research Station collected from 1991 through 1993, were used. The records were collected from indigenous Sabi (939), Dorper (807) and Mutton Merino (898) sheep. A mixed classification model containing the fixed effects of year, birth status and sex was used for identification of non-genetic factors. Sire within breed was included as a random effect. Two factor interactions and three factor interactions were important in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The mean birth weights were 4.37${\pm}$0.04 kg, 4.62${\pm}$0.04 kg and 3.29${\pm}$0.04 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Sabi sheep, respectively. Sire had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in Mutton Merino and indigenous Sabi sheep. Year of lambing had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The effect of birth status was non significant in Dorper and Mutton Merino sheep while effect of birth status was significant on birth weight in indigenous Sabi sheep. In Indigenous Sabi sheep lambs born as singles (3.30${\pm}$0.05 kg) were 0.23 kg heavier than twins (3.07${\pm}$0.05 kg), in Mutton Merino lambs born as singles (3.99${\pm}$0.08 kg) were 0.07 kg heavier than twins (3.92${\pm}$0.08 kg) and in Dorper lambs born as singles (4.41${\pm}$0.04 kg) were 0.02 kg heavier than twins (4.39${\pm}$0.04 kg). On average males were heavier than females (p<0.05) weighing (3.32${\pm}$0.04 kg vs. 3.05${\pm}$0.07 kg) in indigenous Sabi, 4.73${\pm}$0.03 kg vs. 4.08${\pm}$0.05 in Dorper and 4.26${\pm}$0.07 kg vs. 3.66${\pm}$0.09 kg in Mutton Merino sheep. Two way factor interactions of sire*year, year*sex and sex*birth status had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep while the effect of year*birth status was non significant on birth weight in Indigenous Sabi sheep. The three way factor interaction of year*sex*birth status had a significant effect (p<0.01) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi and Mutton Merino. Tupping weight fitted as a covariate had significant effects (p<0.001) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The mean weaning weights were 17.94${\pm}$0.31 kg, 18.19${\pm}$0.28 kg and 14.39${\pm}$0.28 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep, respectively. Effects of sire and sire*year were non significant on weaning weight in Dorper and Mutton Merino while year, sex and sex*year interaction had significant effects (p<0.001) on weaning weight. On average males were heavier than females (p<0.001) at weaning. The respective weaning weights were 18.05${\pm}$0.46 kg, 18.68${\pm}$0.19 kg, 14.14${\pm}$0.15 kg for males and 16.64${\pm}$0.60 kg, 16.41${\pm}$0.31 kg, 12.64${\pm}$0.32 kg for females in Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep. Lambs born as singles were significantly heavier at weaning than twins, 0.05 kg, 0.06 kg and 0.78 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep, respectively. Effect of tupping weight was highly significant on weaning weight. The three way factor interaction year*sex*birth status had a significant effect (p<0.01) on weaning weight. Correction for environmental effects is necessary to increase accuracy of direct selection for birth weight and weaning weight.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze current educational requirements related to genetics curriculum(from June 2002 to September 2002) established at nursing institutions and to provide the basic data for the development of genetics science program at the undergraduate. Subjects of this study were comprised of twenty-three colleges of nursing in 4-year baccalaureate and thirty colleges in 3-year diploma programs. The results of this study were as follows : 1) 32 colleges offer courses related to genetics. 29 among 32 colleges have that integrated. Three schools have established completely independent courses of genetics. 21 colleges do not have any courses dealing with genetics. 2) The contents of courses related to genetics include: Congenital abnormalities, chromosomal aberrations, congenital metabolic disease, prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling, genes and chromosomes, immune genetics, blood type and genetics, rule of genetics, variation in gene expression, the map of the human gene, gene linkage genetics, interaction of genes, single inheritance in order and genetic biochemistry. 3) For course credit, 14colleges(48.3%) offered at most 1 credit per course. The grade of student who can take the course, 51.7% were in their second year while 37.9% were in their third year. The majors of nursing faculty who taught the course were nursing(51.7%) and basic nursing science(17.2%). 4) As far as the need of opening the courses related to genetics, 36 colleges(67.0%) have made a 'need', 12 schools(22.6%) state 'dose not need'. 711e reason for need were the following development of bio engineering, increase number of patients who are related to genetics, recognition of the need in clinical nursing. 7 schools(13.2%) agreed to offer independent course in genetics but 39 schools(73.6%) are in disagreement with that. When the school offers the course with other courses, 27 schools(50.0%) are opening basic nursing science and 14 schools(26.4%) are opening nursing as an integrated courses. If the name of course was either genetic nursing(34.0%) or genetics(28.3%), the credits for the course was one or 2 credits. 33 schools(62.3%) students were in the first or second years. 41 schools(84.9%), the majors of the faculty who had taught the course were either basic nursing science(35.8%), nursing(28.3%) or basic medicine(24.5%). The contents of the course should include in that order: Chromosome aberrations, prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling, congenital metabolic disease, congenital abnormalities, genes and chromosomes, the rules of genetics, immune genetics, interaction of genes, variation in gene expression, etc. The results and discussions of the study indicate that the entire curriculums need to be investigated with respect to contents of education, nursing curriculums and name of courses because of the increasing need of knowledge related to genetics in the clinical practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3973-3980
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• 2014

Prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality in men but still limited knowledge is available about its associated functional SNPs including rs1042522 (Pro72Arg). The present study was undertaken to explore the association of this SNP with susceptibility to prostate adenocarcinoma along with its structural and functional impacts in the Pakistani population in a case-control study. Three-dimensional structure of human TP53 with Pro72Arg polymorphism was predicted through homology modeling, refined and validated for detailed structure-based assessment. We also carried out a HuGE review of the previous available data for this polymorphism. Different genetic models were used to evaluate the genotypes association with the increased risk of PCa (Allelic contrast: OR=0.0.34, 95%CI 0.24-0.50, p=0.000; GG vs CC: OR=0.17, 95%CI 0.08-0.38, p=0.000; Homozygous: OR=0.08, 95%CI 0.04-0.15, p=0.000; GC vs CC: OR=2.14, 95%CI 1.01-4.51, p=0.046; Recessive model: OR=0.10, 95%CI 0.05-0.18, p=0.000; Log Additive: OR=3.54, 95%CI 2.13-5.89, p=0.000) except the Dominant model (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.39-1.52, p=0.46). Structure and functional analysis revealed that the SNP in the proline rich domain is responsible for interaction with HRMT1L2 and WWOX. In conclusion, it was observed that the Arg coding G allele is highly associated with increased risk of prostate adenocarcinoma in the Pakistani population (p=0.000).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2013

Exserohilum turcicum is considered serious destructive disease of maize (Zea mays L.) in North Korea. This study aimed to understand genetic inheritance and combining ability of newly bred lines of maize tolerant to E. turcicum by diallel crosses. Three diallel sets for two different ecological regions and one agronomic trait; eastern (E), northern (N) and stay green (SG) involving 29 inbred lines were tested in eight locations of 2000 and 2001. E. turcicum infections were under natural conditions, respectively. Lines used were selected for high yield potential in test crosses with good agronomic traits and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Selection for race specific high resistance to biotic stresses was avoided to select quantitatively inherited genes. Host plant responses to E. turcicum were rated on a scale of 1 (highly tolerant) to 9 (highly susceptible). Highly significant variations were recorded in all trials. General combining ability (GCA) mean square was roughly twice that of specific combining ability (SCA). The genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction was highly significant. The overall results of genetic studies in three diallel sets show that genetic control for inbred tolerance to E. turcicum is polygenic and quantitatively inherited. New inbreds; E-3, N-1 and SG-4 confer better tolerance to E. turcicum than the widely used inbreds; Mo17, and B73. Proper use of genetic information from this study shall increase of corn production under high E. turcicum infection in the Far Eastern Regions of Korea and China.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Hypertension is a complex disease that results from the interaction of genetic and environmental influences and heritability is influenced by about one-third to one-half. However, the specific genetic variants determining risk for hypertension are still largely unknown. Here, we performed association analysis to elucidate the possible relations of genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 gene with blood pressure traits. By examining genotype data of a total of 3,804 women in the Korean Association REsource (KARE) study, we discovered the ESR1 gene polymorphisms are associated with blood pressure and hypertension. The highest significant polymorphisms were rs2982571 (${\beta}=-1.56$, $P=6.8{\times}10^{-3}$) with systolic blood pressure (SBP), rs9322335 (${\beta}=-0.61$, P=0.013) with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and rs851985 (OR=0.78, CI: 0.65~0.94, $P=8.6{\times}10^{-3}$) with hypertension. In the 5 SNPs (rs2982571, rs851985, rs851983, rs851981, and rs851980), their ${\beta}$-values in SBP and/or DBP showed consistent trends with the odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension, and these 5 SNPs were composed with one LD block. Consequently, we found statistically significant SNPs in ESR1 gene that are associated with both blood pressure and hypertension traits. These results suggested that the individuals with the minor alleles of the 5 SNPs in the ESR1 gene may be less susceptible to the development of hypertension in the Korean women.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2008

교통신호와 개별 통행자의 경로선택은 서로 상호작용하는 관계이다. 통행자의 경로 선택은 교통신호에 따라 결정될 수 있으며 또한 최적의 교통신호 역시 이동류별 교통량에 따라 달라지게된다. 본 연구는 양방향 링크를 포함하는 4현시 교차로로 구성된 네트워크에서 모든 이동류에 대하여 교통신호의 영향을 반영할 수 있는 통행배정 모형을 구축하고 이를 신호최적화 문제와 결합하여 네트워크의 총 지체를 최소화하는 신호제어변수와 통행배정 결과를 산출하는 모형을 bi-level problem으로 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 경로기반 통행배정 모형은 M.H. Xu 등이 제한한 Column Generation 방법의 일종인 heuristic Equilibrium Assignment 기법을 기반으로 하여 교차로의 이동류별 통행비용을 고려할 수 있도록 수정하여 구성하였으며 지체최소화를 목적함수로하는 신호최적화 방법론으로는 Genetic Algorithm을 사용하였다. 본 모형을 모의네트워크에 적용하여 실험한 결과 네트워크의 통행비용함수를 최소화하는 신호변수와 통행자의 경로선택 결과를 산출하였다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.357-362
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• 1994

키틴 가수분해 효소와 베타-1,3-글루카네이즈는 식물체의 주요 방어효소로 여겨지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 아기장대풀의 잎조직으로부터 고정된 현탁배양주를 만들고 이어서 에틸렌과 유인제 (elicitor) 처리에 의한 키틴 가수분해 효소유도양상을 분석하였다. 키틴 가수분해 효소활성은 $^3$H으로 표지된 키토산을 기질로 한 radiochemical 분석방법이나 담배식물체의 키틴 가수분해 효소를 대상으로 얻어진 항체를 이용하여 Western 분석방법을 사용하였다. 이 결과 에틸렌과 유인제 처리 공히 48시간후에 가장 활성이 높게 나타남을 관찰하였다. 또한 씨앗, 새싹, 식물체의 잎, 뿌리 등에서의 활성을 조사하여 뿌리에서 키틴 가수분해 효소 활성이 높음을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2004

Morphological and genetic diversity of thirty nine safflower germplasm were collected and evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Stem length and seeding to flowering days of the safflower germplasm showed $26\~117cm\;and\;76\~179$ days of variation respectively. USA originated germplasm showed higher oil content as $39\%$, but that of Japanese showed lower as $26\%$. PCA made three different cluster groups according to some agronomic characteristics of safflower. Korea originated germplasm showed similar cluster group with that of collected from USA in the PCA of stem length. But in the seeding to flowering days, it showed similar cluster pattern with that of collected from Japan rather than USA. In the experiment of RAPD analysis, total five primers showed polymorphism at the several chromosomal loci. Korea, China Japan and South Central Asia originated germplasm were differently classified with USA and South West Asia originated germplasm with lower similarity coefficient value (0.47). Most of Korea originated germplasm were grouped with South Central Asia originated germplasm with higher similarity coefficient value (0.74) conferring similar genetic background between both of them. China and Japan originated germplasm were dendrogramed with Korea originated germplasm at the 0.65 and 0.50 similarity coefficient values respectively. Some common results were expected from both of PCA and RAPD analysis, but lower genetic heritability caused by relative higher portion of environmental variance and environment by genotype interaction at the expression of those of agronomic characteristics made constraint to find any reliable results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.888-893
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to evaluate heterosis effects of body weight and jumping height for successive generations of rotational crossing using two subspecies of mice which are very different in body weight and in genetic relationship from each other. Domesticated laboratory mouse $CF_{{\sharp}1}$ (C) and Yonakuni wild mouse (Y) were used as materials. Two groups of rotational crossing was made according to the parent used at the beginning of crosses, C male$\times$Y female and Y male$\times$C female. These crosses were done to produce the first ($G_1$ and $G_1{^{\prime}}$), second ($G_2$ and $G_2{^{\prime}}$) and third generations ($G_3$ and $G_3{^{\prime}}$) with sire used was alternated. Individual body weights were weighed at 1 (wk1), 3 (wk3), 6 (wk6) and 10 weeks of age (wk10) and jumping heights were measured at six weeks of age (wk6). Only the first litter used. For body weight, results of this study showed that genetic group effects were significant (p<0.01) source of variation at all ages studied. Sex effects were significant (p<0.01) at wk3, wk6 and wk10, but not at wk1. Significant interaction effects (p<0.01) between genetic group and sex were found at wk6 and wk10. The C mice with large maternal effects produced heavier offspring body weight and crosses using sire of this subspecies maintained heavy weight compared to wild Y mouse sire that has small body size. Heterosis tended to exist at the rotational crossing started from Y male C female. For jumping height, effects of genetic group and sex were significant, sire and dam effects (heterosis) exhibited from the first to third generations, and no maternal effects were observed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2000

Monoclonal antibodies against glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from Sulfolobus solfataricus were produced and characterized using epitope mapping and biosensor technology, Five monoclonal antibodies raised against S. solfataricus GDH were each identified as a single protein band that comigrated with purified S. solfataricus GDH on the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot. Epitope mapping analysis showed that only one subgroup among the antibodies tested recognized the same peptide fragments of GDH. Using the anti-S. solfataricus GDH antibodies as probes, the cross-reactivities of GDHs from various sources were investigated and it was found that the mammalian GDH is not immunologically related to S. solfataricus GDH. The structural differences between the microbial and mammalian GDHs were further investigated using biosensor technology (Pharmacia BIAcore) and monoclonal antibodies against S. solfataricus and bovine brain. The binding affinity of S. solfataricus glutamate dehydrogenase anti-S. solfataricus for GDH ($K_D$=11 nM) was much tighter than that of anti-bovine for GDH ($K_D$=450 nM). These results, together with the epitope mapping analysis, suggest that there may be structural differences between the two GDH species, in addition to their different biochemical properties.