• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2013

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal world-wide gynecological disease among women due to the lack of molecular biomarkers to diagnose the disease at an early stage. In addition, there are few well established relevant animal models for research on human ovarian cancer. For instance, rodent models have been established through highly specialized genetic manipulations, but they are not an excellent model for human ovarian cancer because histological features are not comparable to those of women, mice have a low incidence of tumorigenesis, and they experience a protracted period of tumor development. However, the laying hen is a unique and highly relevant animal model for research on human ovarian cancer because they spontaneously develop epithelial cell-derived ovarian cancer (EOC) as occurs in women. Our research group has identified common histological and physiological aspects of ovarian tumors from women and laying hens, and we have provided evidence for several potential biomarkers to detect, monitor and target for treatment of human ovarian cancers based on the use of both genetic and epigenetic factors. Therefore, this review focuses on ovarian cancer of laying hens and relevant regulatory mechanisms, based on genetic and epigenetic aspects of the disease in order to provide new information and to highlight the advantages of the laying hen model for research in ovarian carcinogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1217-1220
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• 2005

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) analysis of 56 animals of four different genetic groups of dwarf cattle in Kerala was done as a single step analysis. Bandsharing (BS) values were calculated for animals of each group and between groups as an analytical tool to find out genetic variation among animals. The different factors affecting BS values were estimated using Harvey''s Least squares analysis. The effects of genetic group, Guanine-cytosine (GC) content of primer and gel on BS values were found significant. Bandsharing values of Kasargode-Highrange dwarf animals were significantly different from Vechur, Vatakara and their combinations. The Vechur, Vatakara and Vechur-Vatakara combinations were found to be more uniform (high BS value) compared with other combinations. The bandsharing value was lowest with primers of GC content 90% and highest with 80% GC content. The effect of gel on BS value points to the need of adjustments of gel factor for calculation of BS values.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Generating chord score based on melody is essential for composition and arrangement, while it is picky for amateurs who do not have harmonics knowledges. To solve this problem, we developed automatic chord score generating program, ACGP. Based on genetic algorithm, it successfully reflects diverse hormonic factors and the mood of the music. User interface was also implemented so that anyone can use the program conveniently. Additional analysis was conducted to prove the utility of ACGP.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.344-351
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose an approach to design multi-fuzzy controllers for the superheat and the low pressure that have an influence on energy efficiency and stabilization of air conditioning system with multi-evaporators. Air conditioning system with multi-evaporators is composed of compressor, condenser, several evaporators and several expansion valves. It is quite difficult to control the air conditioning system because the change of the refrigerant condition give an impact on the overall air conditioning system. In order to solve the drawback, we design multi-fuzzy controllers which control simultaneously both three expansion valve and one compressor for the superheat and the low pressure of air conditioning system. The proposed multi fuzzy controllers are given as a kinds of controller types such as a simplified fuzzy inference type. Here the scaling factors of each fuzzy controller are efficiently adjusted by Hierarchical Fair Competition-based Genetic Algorithms. The values of performance index of the simulation results of the A company type compare with simulation results of simplified inference type.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.66-70
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• 2005

Telomerase, a specialized RNA-directed DNA polymerase that extends telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes, has activity in most malignant tumors and provides a mechanism for the unlimited potential for division of neoplastic cells. Although telomerase is known to be a regulated enzyme, the factors and mechanisms involved in telomerase regulation are not well understood. In the present study, we compared the effect of 12-O­tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and non-phorbol ester tumor promoters such as okadaic acid, anthralin and benzoyl peroxide on the expression of telomerase in the mouse skin carcinogenesis system, a well characterized model for studying pre-malignant and malignant progression. We found that most early papillomas harvested after 10 weeks of TPA promotion showed telomerase activity. Other papillomas harvested after 10 weeks of okadaic acid, anthralin and benzoyl peroxide promotion and after single treatment of DMBA only also showed telomerase activity, respectively. On the other hand, normal and all skins surrounded by papillomas harvested after 10 weeks of these promoters has no telomerase activity. Taken together these results, there appears to be no clear association between the level of telomerase activity and protein phosphorylation in mouse skin papillomas and telomerase may be useful as bio-markers in early detection of tumors.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.713-724
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• 2013

In terms of waste load allocation, inequality of waste load discharge must be considered as well as economic aspects such as minimization of waste load abatement. The inequality of waste load discharge between areas was calculated with Gini coefficient and was included as one of the objective functions of the multi-objective waste load allocation. In the past, multi-objective functions were usually weighted and then transformed into a single objective optimization problem. Recently, however, due to the difficulties of applying weighting factors, multi-objective genetic algorithms (GA) that require only one execution for optimization is being developed. This study analyzes multi-objective waste load allocation using NSGA-II-aJG that applies Pareto-dominance theory and it's adaptation of jumping gene. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for the parameters that have significant influence on the solution of multi-objective GA such as population size, crossover probability, mutation probability, length of chromosome, jumping gene probability. Among the five aforementioned parameters, mutation probability turned out to be the most sensitive parameter towards the objective function of minimization of waste load abatement. Spacing and maximum spread are indexes that show the distribution and range of optimum solution, and these two values were the optimum or near optimal values for the selected parameter values to minimize waste load abatement.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2002

Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder in which the genetic and environmental factors are involved. In a view of the effects for hypertension as a risk factor for hypertension, we investigated the genotype and allele frequencies in the four RFLPs of the apo AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster (G to A mutation at position -75 in the apo AI promoter SstI RFLP in the ape CIII gene and HincII and HinfI RFLPs in the apo AIV gene) in the Korean patients with hypertension and normal controls. The AA genotype frequency of the G to A promoter polymorphism in hypertensives was significantly higher than that of normotensives (P < 0.05). None of the other polymorphisms showed a difference in genotype frequency between two groups. Therefore, our result suggest that the G to A promoter polymorphism of the ape AI gene may be useful as genetic marker in the ethiology of hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2001

Winter bud explants from 15 individual angelica tree (Aralia elata) were cultured in vitro to find out optimal conditions for somatic embryo induction as well as plant regeneration. Calli are induced and grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D for 4 weeks and subcultured on a half-strength MS medium without phytohormones to induce somatic embryos. Inter-simple sequence repeat (I-SSR) markers were analyzed with total DNAs extracted from the trees. Genotype effects on somatic embryo induction were examined by cluster analysis. Callus induction rate varied from 58.5 to 100% among the genotypes. Somatic embryo induction rate also greatly varied from 0 to 100% among the genotypes. There was a significant difference in somatic embryo induction rate even among the individual trees that showed close genetic relationships each other. This suggested that somatic embryo induction rate in Aralia elata be influenced by a few major specific genes rather than whole genomic similarity among individual trees. Four individuals of Ulneong-7, Cheju-1, Shingu and China, which are recalcitrant to somatic embryo induction, turned out to have a close genetic relationship, suggesting that both physiological and genetic factors affect somatic embryo induction. The results suggest that genotype selection be the most important factor to achieve an efficient propagation, although cultural optimization through medium and explant manipulation may also play crucial roles in somatic embryogensis as well as plant regeneration of these species.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.83-98
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• 2018

The growth of a game character is represented by the addition and subtraction of the status value. The status factors are variously defined and used depending on the kind of games. In this paper, we propose how character 's status elements are defined and used. We also propose a method for assigning a status value when generating a character considering growth. This method is designed using genetic algorithms to link the growth of a character with an element of time and to generate a character with the appropriate status value according to the change of time. The proposed method is verified through experiments based on time variation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2008

AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 are two putative G group bZIP transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana, the other three members of G group bZIPs are GBF1-3 which can bind G-box. Members of G group have conservative protein structure: highly homological basic region and a proline-rich domain in the N-terminal region. Here, we report that AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 could bind cis elements with ACGT core, such as G-box, Hex, C-box and As-1, but with different binding affinities which from high to low were G-box > Hex > C-box > As-1; AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 could form homodimer and form heterodimer with other members of G group; N-terminal proline rich domain of AtbZIP16 had transactivation activity in yeast cells while that of AtbZIP68 did not; AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 GFP fusion protein localized in the nucleus of onion epidermal cells. These results indicated that AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 were two new members of GBFs. In Arabidopsis, AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 may also participate in light-responsive process in which GBF1-3 are involved.