• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.331-344
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• 2021

Airframe internal and external specifications are the product of intensive intellectual efforts and technological breakthroughs distinguishing each aircraft manufacturer. Therefore, geometrical information characterizing aircraft primary aerodynamic surfaces remain classified. When attempting to model real aircraft, many members of the aeronautical community depend on their personal expertise and generic design principles to bypass the confidentiality obstacles and sketch real aircraft airfoils, which therefore vary for the same aircraft due to the different designers' initial assumptions. This paper presents a photogrammetric shape prediction method for deriving geometrical properties of real aircraft airframe by utilizing their publicly accessible static and dynamic visual content. The method is based on extracting the visually distinguishable curves at the fairing regions between aerodynamic surfaces and fuselage. Two case studies on B-29 and B-737 are presented showing how to approximate the sectional coordinates of their wing inboard airfoils and proving the good agreement between the geometrical and aerodynamic properties of the replicated airfoils to their original versions. Therefore, the paper provides a systematic reverse engineering approach that will enhance aircraft conceptual design and flight performance optimization studies.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.51-53
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• 2003

This study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of a generic product of Sinil Atenolol Tablets (Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea) with the innovator product, $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets in 20 healthy Korean volunteers. The volunteers received a single 50 mg dose of each atenolol formulation according to a randomized, two-way crossover design. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24-hour interval, and atenolol concentrations were determined by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. From the plasma atenolol concentration vs time curves, the following parameters were compared: area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), peak plasma concentration $(C_{max})$, time to reach peak plasma concentration $(T_{max})$, and terminal first order elimination half-life $(t_{1/2})$. No statistically significant difference was obtained between the $T_{max}$ values, and the logarithmic transformed AUC and $C_{max}$ values of the two products. The 90% confidence for the ratio of the logarithmically transformed AUC and $C_{max}$ values of Sinil Atenolol Tablets over those of $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets were calculated to be between 0.99 and 1.07, and 1.04 and 1.16, respectively; both were within the bioequivalence limit of 0.80-1.25. The mean of $T_{max}$ in $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablet group was 3.68 hour, and that in Sinil Atenolol Tablet group was 3.65 hour. The values of $t_{1/2}$ between the two products were found comparable, and the mean $t_{1/2}$ values of $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets and Sinil Atenolol Tablets were 5.9 and 6.0 hour, respectively. Based on these results, it was concluded that Sinil Atenolol Tablets were comparable to $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets in both the rate and extent of absorption, indicating that Sinil Atenolol Tablets were bioequivalent to the reference product, $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.911-916
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• 2014

레저보트산업은 미래형 고부가가치 산업으로 최근 국내에서는 한국형 고속레저낚시보트에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 본 논문에서는 고속레저낚시보트의 대량생산을 위한 기초연구로서 제품구성모델 기반의 건조공수 추정 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 레저보트의 건조공정을 분석하고 범용 작업분류체계를 적용하였으며, 업체 설문조사를 통해 계층분석법 기반의 레저보트 건조공수 비례계수를 도출하였다. 또한 실적선의 공수를 기반으로 비례계수를 이용한 개발선 후보들의 정량적인 공수추정을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 실적선 공수 대비 17% 감소된 쌍동형 개발선을 최종 선정할 수 있었다. 이는 개발된 레저보트의 설계가 실제 건조단계에서 가격경쟁력을 갖출 수 있는 양산가능수준의 제품임을 의미한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2007

This study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of two brands of atenolol (50 mg) tablets, which are a generic product of $Ditent^{\circledR}$ (Daewon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea) and an innovator product $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ (Hyundai Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd., Korea), in 20 healthy Korean male volunteers. The volunteers received a single 50 mg dose of each atenolol formulation according to a randomized, two-way cross-over design. The washout period between treatments was 1 week. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24-hour interval, and atenolol concentrations were determined by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. From the plasma atenolol concentration vs. time curves, the following parameters were compared: area under the plasma concentration-time curve ($AUC_{0-24}$), peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$), time to reach peak plasma concentration ($T_{max}$), and terminal first order elimination half-life ($t_{1/2}$). No statistically significant difference was obtained between the $T_{max}$ values, and the logarithmic transformed $AUC_{0-24}$ and $C_{max}$ values of the two products. The 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the logarithmically transformed AUC and $C_{max}$ values of $Ditent^{\circledR}$ over those of $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ were calculated to be between 0.85 and 1.04, and 0.89 and 1.07, respectively; both were within the bioequivalence limit of 0.80-1.25. The mean of $T_{max}$ in $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ group was 3.1 hour, and that in Ditent$^{\circledR}$ group was 3.2 hour. The values of $t_{1/2}$ between the two products were found comparable, and the mean values were 5.2 hour in the both products. Based on these results, it was concluded that $Ditent^{\circledR}$ was comparable to $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ in both the rate and extent of absorption, indicating that $Ditent^{\circledR}$ was bioequivalent to the reference product, $Tenormin^{\circledR}$.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.512-520
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• 2012

This study investigated the sensory characteristics of adlay tea favorably consumed by Korean consumers and analyzed the drivers behind for liking or disliking adlay tea. Six adlay tea products showing the highest market share in South Korea were selected. Sensory properties of the six products were analyzed using generic descriptive analysis. Among these, four products were further selected for consumer taste acceptance test. Sensory lexicons of adlay tea were developed by trained panelists, and the sensory characteristics of each adlay tea product were measured based on the perceived intensities of these attributes elicited from the samples. In the consumer taste acceptance test, frequent tea and coffee drinkers participated. Consumers rated the acceptance of each tea product on a 9-point hedonic scale and evaluated the reasons for liking or disliking each product based on the check-all-that-apply method. Analysis of Variance, principal component analysis, frequency analysis, and correspondence analysis were utilized for statistical analysis. Twenty sensory attributes were developed in order to characterize the six adlay tea products. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that attributes such as viscosity, black soybean flavor, goso flavor, peanut flavor, seaweed flavor, green, and presence of chunks were key factors differentiating the adlay tea products. In the consumer taste test, roasted flavor, goso flavor, peanut flavor, and presence of chunks were positive drivers for liking the adlay tea products, whereas seaweed and green flavors were negative attributes that drove consumers away.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2012

본 연구는 서울 및 경기지역 식육판매업소의 종사자 271명을 대상으로 HACCP 지정업소 119명과 HACCP 미지정업소 152명에게 축산물 HACCP 제도 요구도에 관한 설문을 의뢰하였다. 설문지는 일반사항과 HACCP 및 축산물안전관리 요구도로 구분하였으며, 평가한 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 70.8%는 남성이었고, 연령은 30대가 35.1%,40대가 31.4%로 나타났다. 종사경력은 3년 미만이 28.0%였으며, 10년 초과는 26.6%로 나타났다. 직위는 사원이52.0%로 가장 많았고, 소득은 100-150만원 이하가 32.8%,150-250만원 이하가 31.7%를 차지하였다. 학력은 고등학교 졸업이 64.9%로 많은 분포를 나타냈으며, 계약상태는 정규직이 62.4%로 많았고, 근무시간은 60시간 초과가 48.4%를 차지하였다.HACCP 및 축산물 안전관리 요구도의 요인분석 결과HACCP 및 축산물 안전관리 요구도 속성들은 HACCP 지원, HACCP 홍보 및 교육, 축산물 안전관리의 3가지 요인으로 분류되었으며, 전체업소에서 HACCP 지원요인이 3.91점으로 HACCP 홍보 및 교육요인의 3.83점과 축산물 안전관리요인의 3.72점보다 요구도 점수가 높게 나타났다.HACCP 지정여부에 따른 HACCP 요구도의 차이를 분석한 결과, HACCP 지정업소(4.11점)가 HACCP 미지정업소(3.57점)보다 높게 조사되었으며, 항목분석 결과, HACCP지정업소는 '정부의 대국민 축산물 HACCP 홍보'(4.35점,p<0.001) 항목이, HACCP 미지정업소는 'HACCP 지정을 위한 정부의 투자지원'(3.79점, p<0.05) 항목이 요구도 문항 중 가장 높게 나타나 이에 대한 관심이 높은 것으로 간주되었다. 요구도 요인별로 살펴보면 HACCP 지원 요구도 요인의 경우, 가장 높은 점수를 보인 항목은 'HACCP지정을 위한 정부의 투자지원'으로 HACCP 지정업소(4.18점)가, HACCP 미지정업소(3.79점) 보다 유의적으로 더 높은 요구도를 보였으며(p<0.01), HACCP 홍보 및 교육 요구도 요인의 경우, 요구도가 가장 높은 항목은 '정부의 대국민 축산물 HACCP 홍보' 항목으로 HACCP 지정업소(4.35점)가 HACCP 미지정업소(3.75점)에 비해 더 높게 나타나(p<0.01) 이에 대한 관심도가 높은 것으로 간주되었다. 축산물 안전관리 요구도 요인의 경우, 요구도가 가장 높은 항목은 '축산물 유해 잔류물질의 검사의 강화'로HACCP 지정업소(4.14점)가 HACCP 미지정업소(3.53점)에 비해 더 높은 점수를 나타내 관심도가 높았다(p<0.001).한편, 축산물 HACCP 및 축산물 안전관리에 대한 관심은 연령이 적고 법적 근로시간을 준수하는 학력이 높은 중간관리자 집단에서 높게 나타난 바, 축산물 HACCP을 위한 교육매체 개발이나 교육대상자 교육 시 고려해야 할 요인으로 간주되었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면, 안전한 식품 소비를 위해서는 여러 전문가들이(Choe et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2002; Namet al., 2007) 식품안전 및 위생과 관련한 정부의 시책 강화와 식품가공업자 및 유통업자의 적극적인 노력이 필요하다고 역설한 바와 같이, HACCP 지원에 대한 정부의 관심을 고취시키고 식육판매업소 종사자들에게 다양한 방법으로 적극적인 HACCP 홍보 및 교육을 실시하면, 이들의 축산물 HACCP 및 축산물 안전관리 행동과 위생이 향상됨과 동시에 최종 소비자에게 전달 될 때까지 식육의 안전성이 훨씬 확보될 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal and microbiological hazards on by-products (liver, omasum, small intestines) of cattle. From April to October in 2011, one hundred and twenty samples were equally collected from slaughterhouse and meat by-product markets in Incheon city. The total bacteria counts and E. coli count were applied to assess the microbiological quality. Food borne bacteria including Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and E. coli O157:H7 were also determined. The results were obtained as follows: The undesirable grade (more than $10^5\;CFU/cm^2$) was detected in the by-product from 18.3% (slaughterhouse) and 23.3% (by-product markets). The frequency of generic E. coli (more than $10^2\;CFU/cm^2$) from the slaughterhouse was 20.0%, whereas that of the meat by-product markets was 26.7%. Of the samples from slaughterhouse, 3 (5.0%), 5 (8.3%), and 12 (20.0%) samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp, S. aureus, and C. perfringens, respectively. S. aureus and C. perfringens were also detected in 6 (10.0%) and 25 (41.7%) samples in the meat by-product markets, respectively. Nine of 11 S. aureus isolates harbored toxin gene. However, the cpe gene of C. perfringens was not detected among the 37 isolates. The detection rate was higher in August than in February, April and June. The levels of Cd and Pb in all the samples tended to be low (<0.2 mg/kg). This preliminary data could be used for legislation on the regulation and control of microorganism and heavy metal in by-products of cattle.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2001

The study was conducted to assess sanitary concepts of employees and needs of HACCP-based sanitation training program for elementary school foodservice operations. Subjects consisted of 370 foodservice employees. Foodservice employees' demographic characteristics were surveyed, and their food sanitation knowledge was tested. Food sanitation knowledge included 4 dimensions of foodborne disease & food microbiology; sanitary management in food product flows; personal hygiene management; and equipment & facility sanitation management. The data were analysed using the SPSS package for descriptive analysis, t-test and ANOVA test. The average sanitation knowledge score was 9.5 out of 15. The working periods of foodservice employees were singnificantly(p<01) related to food sanitation knowledge dimensions. Correct answering rate of 4 sanitation management dimensions were 74.4% in foodborne disease & food microbiology; 536% in sanitary management in food product flows; 78.7% in personal hygiene management; and 50.5% in equipment & facility sanitation management. 6 items in 4 sanitation knowledge dimensions under mean score were identified. Those items were temperature danger zone, thawing method of frozen foods, cooking & holding temperature, proper sampling & storage methods, proper storing methods in refrigerator, and proper washing & sanitizing method for utensils. Identified 6 items were included in 12 critical control points developed for the elementary school generic HACCP plan, and should be emphasized in implementing HACCP-based sanitation training program.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2013

Recently, the marine leisure industry has begun to make a mark on the growth engines of the Korean economy. Hence, various government research projects are in progress to catch up with the fundamental yacht technologies of advanced countries. Research on the integrated management technologies of sail yachts is carried out as a part of those projects. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a basic architecture for robust and high-level management systems. In this paper, we suggest a product-oriented Yacht Work Breakdown Structure (YWBS). General WBS has a drawback in that it can only follow the targeted purpose, but YWBS allows for a generic WBS approach. This concept allows us to apply WBS to multi-purpose uses. The YWBS is used as an infrastructure in information management and for data relationships in sail yacht management systems. YWBS is designed and managed by a web application, and the system is implemented with a website as a user interface. This application has not only a design function, but also a data transfer function that is based on the Microsoft Silverlight platform, a kind of Rich Internet Application (RIA) technology. Using this application, YWBS designers can communicate with the management system without added tasks like as uploading and updating.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.831-841
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• 2010

Usability evaluation of physical products involves characterizing complex physical interactions between humans and products. Human models known as manikins have been widely utilized as usability evaluation tools for automobile interior package design. When combined with computer-aided design software programs, such manikins can be used to simulate driving postures and evaluate driver-interior fits early in the design process, and therefore, may greatly facilitate achieving high-quality design in a cost-efficient manner. The purpose of this study was to define a set of manikins for designing automobile interior packages for the South Korean male population. These manikins were conceptualized as "boundary" manikins, which represent individuals lacking in certain physical capacities or having usability-related issues (e.g., an individual with the 5th percentile forward reach capability, an individual with the 95th percentile shoulder width). Such boundary manikins can serve as an efficient tool for determining if an automobile interior design accommodates the majority of the population. The boundary manikins were selected from the large sample of Korean males whose anthropometric dimensions were described in the recent Size Korea anthropometric database. For each male in the database, his comfortable driving posture was represented using a kinematic body linkage model and various physical capacity measured and usability-related characteristics relevant to driver accommodation were evaluated. For each such measure, a boundary manikin was selected among the Korean males. The manikins defined in this study are expected to serve as tools for ergonomic design of automobile interior packages. The manikin selection method developed in this study was implemented as a generic software program useful for various product design applications.