• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.905-911
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• 2012

To establish a floating offshore wind turbine simulation model, a tension leg platform is added to an onshore wind turbine. The wind load is calculated by using meteorological administration data and a power law that defines the wind velocity according to the height from the sea surface. The wind load is applied to the blade and wind tower at a regular distance. The relative Morison equation is employed to generate the wave load. The rated rotor speed (18 rpm) is applied to the hub as a motion. The dynamic behavior of a 2-MW floating offshore wind turbine subjected to the wave excitation and wind load is analyzed. The flexible effects of the wind tower and the blade are analyzed. The flexible model of the wind tower and blade is established to examine the natural frequency of the TLP-type offshore wind turbine. To study the effect of the flexible tower and blade on the floating offshore wind turbine, we modeled the flexible tower model and flexible tower-blade model and compared it with a rigid model.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

Purpose - Recently, internet access and social network utilization using smart phone are increasing. In such a smart environment, interactive activities such as information generation, information searching and information sending are increasing rapidly on-line environment. Therefore, consumers tend to purchase something according to eWOM and also meet the social consensus online environment. In connectivity society, consumers became accessible and engaged in the opinions of others easily. Many decisions that seem like personal decisions are actually social decisions on online connectivity. This paper seeks to explore factors that can help generate a social decision on purchasing of new products in an online environment. Research design, data, and methodology - The process of collecting a lot of wisdom and making an agreement online is called social decision. The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the influence of factors such as online ties, online eWOM expectancy and online information behavior on online social decision. In addition, We studied online social decision by analyzing the moderating effect of new product innovation. To understand this structural relationship, research hypotheses and research models were set up and empirical analysis was conducted. In order to verify the hypothesis, 208 questionnaires were collected from the residents of Seoul city/Gyeonggi province. The answered questionnaire verifies reliability and validity using SPSS/AMOS and test hypotheses through path analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results - According to the research results, First, online ties don't have a positive impact on online social decision, Second, online eWOM expectancy have a positive impact on online social decision. Third, online information behaviors have a positive impact on online social decision. The degree of innovation of new products have a moderating effect between Independent variables of three factors and dependent variable of social decision. Conclusions - Social decisions have a positive impact on purchasing decisions about new product. There is a great significance in the fact that the online social influence and online social decision have been studied academically. It is meaningful that we have studied in depth the changing phenomenon of consumer purchase decision process in smart environment. The results of these studies provide academic and practical implications.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.775-794
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• 2010

This study is to provided a basic model to encourage environment and outdoor play programs. The study was based on the analyses of actual activities performed in two child care centers in Daejeon area and the way in which the programs for outdoor play were related to the environment of the centers. Data were collected through 'The Daily Report of the Outdoor Play Programs: Plan and Evaluation' paper conducted at each center performed from 2007 to 2009. Following Mockwha Choi et al., (2007), the play observed and described by teachers was analyzed to classify play areas and play activities within each area. The places, equipment and, playthings using in each play period were also examined as well as the limitation and inspiration caused by the environment. The results of the study are as follows: 1) Empty and unfilled space tended to generate more types of non-structural play and role-pretend play 2)Adventurous play was rarely observed. More thoughtfully designed physical environments need to be provided for children to experience challenge and adventure through physical activities 3) Outdoor play environment should be suitable for the overall developments of infants and toddlers depending on their activities. A child care specialist should support the design such environment 4) Naturally, the programs of outdoor play will not be identical for all child care centers. Rather, they should go along with the programmatic characters and environmental attributes of each center. Therefore the awareness of teachers and parents as to the importance of must realize of outdoor play should be further increased.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.502-509
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• 2013

In Information age, The academic liberal art computer education course set up goals to promote computer literacy and develop the ability to cope with changes in information society and improve productivity and national competitiveness. In this paper, we analyze on discovering of decisive variable and satisfaction index to have a influence on computer education on university students. As a preprocessing course, the proposed method selects optimum variable using correlation based feature selection(CFS) of machine learning tool based on Java and we calculate weighted value for each variable and then, we generate the optimal variable using weighted value based on fuzzy decision making method. we proposed Fuzzy decision making method in analysis of the academic liberal art computer education satisfaction index data and checked the accuracy of the satisfaction evaluation by using recall and precision.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5701-5707
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• 2014

Background: Salivary gland tumours, which account for approximately 3% of head-neck cancers, are a heterogeneous group and thus it is difficult to identify their epidemiological characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine demographic features and histopathologic distribution of parotid neoplasms in a large sample from Turkey. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively on 136 parotidectomy materials from operations between May 2009-May 2013. Age, gender, tumor diameter, histopathological diagnosis and surgical margin status were recorded. Results: The benign cases were 112 (82.4%), while the malignancies were 24 (17.6%). The accuracy rate of FNAC was 91%. There were 46 (33.8%) male and 90 (66.2%) female patients. Female/male ratio (M/F=0.5) was two, the Warthin (WT) tumor being more apparent in males (p<0.05). Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was detected most frequently among benign pathologies at 61.6% (69/112), while the Warthin Tumor (WT) was detected as the second most frequent tumor at 20.5% (23/112). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex PA) were detected at equal frequency at 20.8% (5/24) among malign tumors. These were followed by acinic cell carcinoma at 16.7% (4/24). While the surgical margin was positive in ten patients with malignant tumors (41.7%), all of the benign tumors were negative (p<0.01). No significant difference was detected in the age-gender of patients, tumor size and distribution of sites among benign and malignant groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequently reported benign tumor almost in all global literature. Yet, the distribution of malignant tumors displays geographical differences. Based on these data, we believe that our findings will provide a significant contribution to future epidemiological studies. We think that it will be beneficial to generate awareness on parotid tumors and ensure a fight against smoking as with all head-neck cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.645-649
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• 2013

Objective: The prognostic role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bladder cancer remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to explore any association between overexpression and survival outcomes. Methods: We systematically searched for studies investigating the relationships between VEGF expression and outcome of bladder cancer patients. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. After careful review, survival data were extracted from eligible studies. A meta-analysis was performed to generate combined hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results: A total of 1,285 patients from 11 studies were included in the analysis. Our results showed that tissue VEGF overexpression in patients with bladder cancer was associated with poor prognosis in terms of OS (HR, 1.843; 95% CI, 1.231-2.759; P = 0.003), DFS (HR, 1.498; 95% CI, 1.255-1.787; P = 0.000) and DSS (HR, 1.562; 95% CI, 0.996-1.00; P = 0.052), though the difference for DSS was not statistically significant. In addition, there was no evidence of publication bias as suggested by Begg's and Egger's tests except for DFS (Begg's test, P = 0.221; Egger's test, P = 0.018). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicated elevated VEGF expression to be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1166-1178
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• 2016

In Internet of Things (IoT) environments, billions of interconnected devices and multimedia sensors generate a huge amount of multimedia traffic. Since the environment are in general deployed as a server-centric architecture wireless sensor networks could be bottlenecks between IoT gateways and IoT devices. The bottleneck causes high power consumption of the device and triggers very heavy network overload by transmission of sensing data. The deterioration could decrease the quality of multimedia streaming service due to delay, loss, and waste of device power. Thus, in this paper, we propose a context-based adaptive multimedia streaming scheme to support enhanced QoS and low power consumption in IoT environments. The goal of the scheme is to increase quality score per voltage of the streaming service, given an adaptation algorithm with context that are classified network and hardware such as throughput, RTT, and CPU usage. From the both context, the quality score per voltage is used in the comparison of a only network context-based adaptive multimedia streaming scheme, a fixed multimedia streaming and our scheme. As a result, we achieves a high improvement that means the quality score per voltage is increased up to about 4, especially in case of resolution change.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.22-33
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• 2004

It has been more than three decades since the first assay assessing circulating 25(OH)D in human subjects was performed. That publication as well as several that followed it defined 'normal' nutritional vitamin D status in human populations. Recently, the wisdom by which 'normal' circulating 25(OH)D levels in human subjects were assigned in the past has come under question. It appears that sampling human subjects, who appear to be free from disease, and assessing 'normal' circulating 25(OH)D levels by plotting a Gaussian distribution is grossly inaccurate. There are many reasons why this method is inaccurate, including race, lifestyle habits, sunscreen usage, age, latitude, and inappropriately low dietary recommendations for vitamin D. For instance, a 400IU/day. AI for vitamin D is insignificant when one considers that a 10-15 minute whole body exposure to peak summer sun will generate and release up to 20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$ into the circulation. Recent studies, which orally administered up to 10,000 IU/day vitamin $D_3$ to human subjects for several months, have successfully elevated circulating 25(OH)D levels to those observed in individuals from sun-rich environments. Further, we are now able to accurately assess sufficient circulating 25(OH)D levels utilizing specific biomarkers instead of guessing what an adequate level is. These biomarkers include intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium absorption, bone mineral density (BMD), insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function. Using the data from these biomarkers, vitamin D deficiency should be defined as circulating levels of $25(OH)D{\leq}30ng/mL$. In certain cases, such as pregnancy and lactation, significantly higher circulating 25(OH)D levels would almost certainly be beneficial to both the mother and recipient fetus/infant.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.436-444
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to assess the efficiency of the airline's route. The revenue source of low cost airline carriers is not various unlike regular airline carriers, because they are operating only domestic and international flights for a country of close proximity. In particular, domestic low-cost airlines in Korea can't provide cargo transport services but rely on passengers and additional services to generate profits. Therefore, it is absolutely important to maintain a low cost and effective passenger transport line. This study will suggest the way to improve efficiency of route operated by low-cost airlines. Analysis method is DEA. The input parameters and output results were selected by existing research. Based on the results of this study, it will be able to assist establishing routes and selling strategies of the low-cost airlines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.79-96
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• 2012

Creativity is a rising topic in the current society. The emphasis on creativity is valued as a key factor for success in all areas including but not limited to politics, economy, culture, arts and design. The field of Fashion design is probably one of the few areas that talk about creativity as a necessary quality to survive. The purpose of this study is to introduce TRIZ(Teoriya Reshniya Izobretatelsskikh Sadatch) as a theoretical tool to generate creativity in fashion design. TRIZ is a creative method of problem solving based on data analysis of outcomes invented by engineering. The fundamental concept of TRIZ has been researched through documentary studies, and practical case studies of product designs are used. Fashion design cases from Comme des Garcons by Rei Kawakubo are used to apply TRIZ in fashion design. Rei Kawakubo's design philosophy has been studied through fashion writings and visual sources in books, exhibition catalog, www. style. com and online shopping mall sites. This study has selected four principles among forty inventive theories of TRIZ: segmentation; asymmetry; consolidation; and preliminary action to apply to Rei Kawakubo's fashion design. As a result, TRIZ can be applicable to fashion design as a creative thinking methodology. By using the four principles of TRIZ, this study shows how Rei Kawakubo's design enhanced its efficiency and aesthetics of the products and was distinguished from existing items. It is meaningful to demonstrate a possibility of adopting engineering based creative methodology in fashion design to widen the perspective and to raise a question for the need of interdisciplinary creative methodology with traditional aesthetic approach in fashion design.