• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.582-599
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• 2006

Due to the growing popularity of mobile information technology, more people, especially in the general public, have access to computerized geospatial information systems for wayfinding tasks or urban navigation. One of the problems with the current services is that, whether the users are exploring or navigating, whether they are travelers who are totally new to a region or long-term residents who have a fair amount of regional knowledge, the same method is applied and the direction are given in the same way. However, spatial knowledge for a given urban region expands in proportion to residency. Urban navigation is highly dependent on cognitive mental images, which is developed through spatial experience and social communication. Thus, the wayfinding service for a regional community can be highly supported, using well-known regional places. This research is to develop the framework for urban navigation within a regional community. The concept of communal ontology is proposed to aid in urban regional navigation. The experimental work was implemented with case study to collect regional landmarks, develop the ontological model and represent it with formal structure. The final product of this study will provide the geographical information of a region to the other agent and be the fundamental information structure for cognitive urban regional navigation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.373-387
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• 2011

In this study, four types of sensitivity experiments (EG, EE, NG, NE; E: ERA-Interim, N: NCEP/DOE2, G: Grell scheme, E: Emanuel scheme) were performed to evaluate the simulation skills of RegCM4 released in July 2010 over the CORDEX (COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment) East Asia domain based on the combinations of boundary conditions (BC: ERA-Interim, NCEP/DOE2) and the cumulus parameterization schemes (CPS: Grell, Emanuel) for the 1989. The surface air temperature and precipitation data observed by the Korea Meteorological Adminstration were used to validate the simulation results over South Korea. The RegCM4 well simulates the seasonal and spatial variations of temperature but it fails to capture the seasonal and spatial variations of precipitation without consideration of the BC and CPS. Especially the simulated summer precipitation amount is significantly less in EG, NG, and NE experiments. But the seasonal variation of precipitation including summer precipitation is relatively well simulated in the EE experiment. The EE experiment shows a better skill in the seasonal march of East Asia summer monsoon, distribution of precipitation intensity and frequency than other experiments. In general, the skills of RegCM4 for temperature and precipitation are better during winter than summer, and in Emanuel than Grell schemes. The simulation results are more impacted by cumulus parameterization schemes than boundary conditions.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2009

Recently, a lot of local autonomous entities are promoting Ubiquitous City(U-City) Construction by integrating Information Communication Technology(ICT) with city development, and also internationally, a lot of cities are making efforts to develop U-City to intensify a city's competitive strength and improve life quality of city dwellers. In keeping with such a stream of the times, each local autonomous entity and project developer are developing a lot of methodologies to establish optimal U-City in corresponding cities and also inquiring into a variety of development procedures, such as connecting existing urban development methods with information establishment methods. The method used usually is to establish Information strategy Plan(ISP) for a city which will be developed through consulting in the stage of city development planning. ISP is to establish vision & strategy for building the ubiquitous city and is a methodology including city vision, strategy, goal, and implementation method, etc. However, due to a lot of variables, such as a variety of city environment, establishment period, budget, information technology, and etc., it is difficult to contain establishment plans for every occasion in a similar method, in reality. Therefore, it is naturally necessary to suggest plans for city vision & strategy, and selection of element technology/service. Thus, this paper suggests models for vision & strategy establishment of U-City and suggests Top-Down Approach and Bottom-Up Approach method as a plan for U-City establishment. In addition, this paper analyzes general promotion methodologies for constructing U-City and analyzes how these two strategic methods [Top-Down Approach and Bottom-Up Approach] for city vision establishment are composed in such a methodology, to define and analyze its constituent plan.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.549-563
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to identify the urban structure in Korea. Though there is research regarding urbanization, there is little regarding the urban structure of the Korean economy. In this paper, two issues will be discussed: the measurements of inter-city and intra-city structure in Korean Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), which is newly defined. First, the city size rank rule, widely known as Zipf’s Law, will illustrate Korean the inter-city structure. The city size rank rule gives an idea whether Korean MSAs are balanced or not. In general, Korea has a heavy concentration in the Seoul MSA in terms of population. It could be either that the Seoul MSA is too big or that the Busan MSA is too small or both. If this is the primacy problem, a decentralization policy is necessary. On the other hand, if it is a second city problem, development policies for the Busan MSA and Daegu MSA are more important. Next, the Korean intra-city structure will be discussed. The evolutions of the MSAs explain intra-city structure by analyzing population density function and the housing price function. Some large MSAs such as Seoul and Busan have experienced urban sprawl, while other MSAs have experienced urban concentration. The population density gradient by the distance from the ARC GIS shows the growth rate of a city. According to the Spatial Mismatch Index between population and employment, the Ulsan MSA, Gwangju MSA, and Suwon-Hwaseong-Osan MSA are more mismatched, while the Daejeon MSA and Incheon MSA are less mismatched. Therefore, these analyses of Korean urban structure are meaningful in developing regional policy.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 2011

Recently, the demand for enterprise for service map providing and portal site services of a 3D virtual city model for public users has been expanding. Also, accuracy of the data, transfer rate and the update for the update for the lapse of time emerge are considered as more impertant factors, by providing 3D information with the web or mobile devices. With the latest technology, we have seen various 3D data through the web. With the VRML progressing actively, because it can provide a virtual display of the world and all aspects of interaction with web. It offers installation of simple plug-in without extra cost on the web. LiDAR system can obtain spatial data easily and accurately, as supprted by numerous researches and applications. However, in general, LiDAR data is obtained in the form of an irregular point cloud. So, in case of using data without converting, high processor is needed for presenting 2D forms from point data composed of 3D data and the data increase. This study expresses urban LiDAR data in 3D, 2D raster data that was applied by compressing algorithm that was used for solving the problems of large storage space and processing. For expressing 3D, algorithm that converts compressed LiDAR data into code Suited to VRML was made. Finally, urban area was expressed in 3D with expressing ground and feature separately.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.245-255
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• 2022

Evaluating the qualitative the qualitative process of water resources by using various indicators, as one of the most prevalent methods for optimal managing of water bodies, is necessary for having one regular plan for protection of water quality. In this study, zoning maps were developed on a yearly basis by collecting and reviewing the process, validating, and performing statistical tests on qualitative parameters҆ data of the Iranian aquifers from 1995 to 2020 using Geographic Information System (GIS), and based on Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Radial Basic Function (RBF), and Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI) methods and Kriging and Co-Kriging techniques in three types including simple, ordinary, and universal. Then, minimum uncertainty and zoning error in addition to proximity for ASE and RMSE amount, was selected as the optimum model. Afterwards, the selected model was zoned by using Scholar and Wilcox. General evaluation of groundwater situation of Iran, revealed that 59.70 and 39.86% of the resources are classified into the class of unsuitable for agricultural and drinking purposes, respectively indicating the crisis of groundwater quality in Iran. Finally, for validating the extracted results, spatial changes in water quality were evaluated using the Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), indicating high sensitivity of aquifers to small quantitative changes in water level in addition to severe shortage of groundwater reserves in Iran.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

This study investigates the characteristics and physical habitat requirements for each Bufo gargarizans life history through a literature survey. After deriving variables for each component of Bufo gargarizans, in order to reduce regional deviations from eight previously studied literature research areas for deriving the criteria for variables, a total of 12 natural habitats of Bufo gargarizanss are selected as spatial ranges by selecting four additional sites such as Umyeonsan Ecological Park in Seoul, Wonheungibangjuk in Cheongju in the central region, Changnyeong Isan Reservoir in the southern region, and Mangwonji in Daegu. This study presents Bufo gargarizans SI, a species endemic to Korea, whose population is rapidly declining due to large-scale housing site development and road development, and develops a Bufo gargarizans HSI model accordingly to improve the function of the damaged Bufo gargarizans habitat and to present an objective basis for site selection of alternative habitat. At the same time, it provides basic data for adaptive management and follow-up monitoring. The three basic habitat requirements of amphibians, the physical habitat requirements of Bufo gargarizans, synthesized with shelter, food, and water, and the characteristics of each life history, are classified into five components by adding space and threats through literature research and expert advice. Variables are proposed by synthesizing and comparing the general characteristics of amphibians, among the previously studied single species of amphibians, the components of HSI of goldfrogs and Bufo gargarizans, and the ecological and physical environmental characteristics of Bufo gargarizans. Afterwards, through consultation with an amphibian expert, a total of 10 variables are finally presented by adjacent forest area(ha), the distance between spawning area and the nearest forest land(m), the soil, the distance from the wetland(m), the forest layered structure, the low grassland space, the permanent wetland area(ha), shoreline slope(%), PH, presence of predators, distance from road(m), presence or absence of obstacles. n order to derive the final criteria for each of the 10 variables, the criteria(alternative) for each variable are presented through geographic information analysis of the site survey area and field surveys of the previously studied literature research area. After a focus group interview(FGI) of 30 people related to the Bufo gargarizans colony in Cheongju, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews with three amphibians experts are conducted to verify and supplement the criteria for each final variable. Based on the finally developed Bufo gargarizans HSI, the Bufo gargarizans habitat model is presented through the SI graph model and the drawing centering on the Bufo gargarizans spawning area

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.83-105
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• 2023

A robot-friendly building certification system was established in 2022 to accommodate the growing number of service robots introduced into buildings. However, this system primarily targeted office buildings, with limitations in applying other functional architectures. To address this problem, we developed a certification model of a robot-friendly environment to extend the existing system to apartment complexes. Using focus group interviews and the analytic hierarchy process, we established 28 evaluating items categorized as (a) architecture and facility design, (b) networks and systems, (c) building operations management, and (d) support for robot activity and other services. These indicators were weighted based on their relative importance within and between categories, resulting in scores ranging from 1 to 18 points and a total of 176 points. According to evaluations with the 28 items, each apartment complex could be graded as "best," "excellent," or "general" based on its total achieved scores. This study is significant, as we present the world's first certification model of a robot-friendly environment for apartment complexes that considers human-robot interactions

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2015

In this study, assessment items to examine geocognition on plate tectonics were developed and applied to middle and high school students and college students. Conceptual constructs on plate tectonics are Earth interior structure, specific geomorphology, and geologic phenomena at each plate boundary. Construct for geocognition included temporal reasoning, spatial reasoning, retrospective reasoning, and system thinking. Pictorial data in each item were all obtained from GeoMapApp. Students' responses to the items were analyzed and measured cross-sectionally by Rasch model, which distinguishes persons' ability levels based on their scores for all items and compared them with item difficulty. By Rasch model analysis, Wright maps for middle and high school students and college students were obtained and compared with each other. Differential Item Functioning analysis was also implemented to compare students' item responses across school grades. The results showed: 1) Geocognition on plate tectonics was an assessable construct for middle and high school students in current science curriculum, 2) The most distinguished geocognition factor was spatial reasoning based on cross sectional analysis across school grades, 3) Geocognition on plate tectonics could be developed towards more sophisticated level through scaffolding of relevant instruction and earth science content knowledge, and 4) Geocognition was not a general reasoning separated from a task content but a content-specific reasoning related to the content of an assessment item. We proposed several suggestions for learning progressions for plate tectonics and national curriculum development based on the results of the study.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_1
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• pp.155-165
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• 2020

In this present study, the sensitivity of O₄ Air Mass Factor (AMF) to Aerosol Peak Height (APH) has been investigated using radiative transfer model according to various parameters(wavelength (340 nm and 477 nm), aerosol type (smoke, dust, sulfate), aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface reflectance, solar zenith angle, and viewing zenith angle). In general, it was found that O₄ AMF at 477 nm is more sensitive to APH than that at 340 nm and is stably retrieved with low spectral fitting error in Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) analysis. In high AOD condition, sensitivity of O₄ AMF on APH tends to increase. O₄ AMF at 340 nm decreased with increasing solar zenith angle. This dependency isthought to be induced by the decrease in length of the light path where O₄ absorption occurs due to the shielding effect caused by Rayleigh and Mie scattering at high solar zenith angles above 40°. At 477 nm, as the solar zenith angle increased, multiple scattering caused by Rayleigh and Mie scattering partly leads to the increase of O₄ AMF in nonlinear function. Based on synthetic radiance, APHs have been retrieved using O₄ AMF. Additionally, the effect of AOD uncertainty on APH retrieval error has been investigated. Among three aerosol types, APH retrieval for sulfate type is found to have the largest APH retrieval error due to uncertainty of AOD. In the case of dust aerosol, it was found that the influence of AOD uncertainty is negligible. It indicates that aerosol types affect APH retrieval error since absorption scattering characteristics of each aerosol type are various.