• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

Multi-storey precast concrete skeletal structures are assembled from individual prefabricated components which are erected on-site using various types of connections. In the current design of these structures, beam-to-column connections are assumed to be pin jointed. Welded plate beam to-column connections have been used in the precast concrete industry for many years. They have many advantages over other jointing methods in component production, quality control, transportation and assembly. However, there is at present limited information concerning their detailed structural behaviour under bending and shear loadings. The experimental work has involved the determination of moment-rotation relationships for semi-rigid precast concrete connections in full scale connection tests. The study reported in this paper was undertaken to clarify the behaviour of such connections under symmetrical vertical loadings. A series of full-scale tests was performed on sample column for which the column geometry and weld arrangements conformed with successful commercial practice. Proprietary hollow core slabs were tied to the beams by tensile reinforcing bars, which also provide the in-plane continuity across the connections. The strength of the connections in the double sided tests was at least 0.84 times the predicted moment of resistance of the composite beam and slab. The secant stiffness of the connections ranged from 0.7 to 3.9 times the flexural stiffness of the attached beam. When the connections were tested without the floor slabs and tie steel, the reduced strength and stiffness were approximately a third and half respectively. This remarkable contribution of the floor strength and stiffness to the flexural capacity of the joint is currently neglected in the design process for precast concrete frames. In general, the double sided connections were found to be more suited to a semi-rigid design approach than the single sided ones. The behaviour of double sided welded plate connection test results are presented in this paper. The behaviour of single sided welded plate connection test results is the subject of another paper.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.356-370
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• 2008

The study aims to explore sequence of earth science content in elementary school science curriculum in Korea and the U.S.. The analysis is focused on a) general content structure of earth science part; b) concept relationship between grades in the specific field of 'geology'; c) longitudinal connection of concepts and content in 'geology.' The findings are as follows. First, earth science curriculum content in Korea is structured according to sub-scientific disciplines centering on not science concepts but topics or inquiry activities whereas the U.S. curricular content is organized through integrative earth science topics with basic concepts and sub-concepts. Second, it is a common feature that basic concepts are interrelated to sub-concepts in all grades in both countries. However, basic concepts are scattered all over the grades, presented in a linear pattern in Korea while those are provided together in 3rd grade and repeated with extended concepts in a spiral structure in the U.S.. Last, it is not clear how concepts and content are longitudinally connected between grades in Korean curriculum. On the contrary, concepts and content in the U.S. curriculum have a strong longitudinal connection between grades with conceptual hierarchy. Such results indicate that Korean elementary school science curriculum would limit students' comprehensive understanding of science concepts through grades. The study suggests Korean science content should strengthen interrelationship among concepts as well as longitudinal connection between grades, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of science education, 'scientific literacy'.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.603-622
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• 2018

Precast concrete structures are erected from individual prefabricated components, which are assembled on-site using different types of connections. In the present design of these structures, beam-to-column connections are assumed pin jointed. Bolted billet beam to-column connections have been used in the precast concrete industry for many years. They have many advantages over other jointing methods in component production, quality control, transportation and assembly. However, there is currently limited information concerning their detailed structural behaviour under vertical loadings. The experimental work has involved the determination of moment-relative rotation relationships for semi-rigid precast concrete connections in full-scale connection tests. The study reported in this paper was undertaken to clarify the behaviour of such connections under symmetrical vertical loadings. A series of full-scale tests was performed on sample column for which the column geometry and bolt arrangements conformed to successful commercial practice. Proprietary hollow core floor slabs were tied to the beams by 2T25 tensile reinforcing bars, which also provide the in-plane continuity across the connections. The contribution of the floor strength and stiffness to the flexural capacity of the joint is currently neglected in the design process for precast concrete frames. The flexural strength of the connections in the double-sided tests was at least 0.93 times the predicted moment of resistance of the composite beam and slab. The secant stiffness of the connections ranged from 0.94 to 1.94 times the flexural stiffness of the attached beam. In general, the double-sided connections were found to be more suited to a semi-rigid design approach than the single sided ones. The behaviour of double sided bolted billet connection test results are presented in this paper. The behaviour of single sided bolted billet connection test results is the subject of another paper.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.4
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• pp.93-130
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• 2001

Chosen General Government initiated the activities of collecting and managing the archives from Chosen Dynasty because of necessity to push positively for its colonial policies. Particularly, such efforts of the regime resulted eventually in boosting their understanding on the Korea cultures, as well as contributed to their reigning Korea to an extent. Some aspects that reflect it are as follows. In 1910 Chosen General Government took over, and began to arrange and classify huge volumes of archives that were held by the royal family. During this period, they collected and arranged literatures that they took over from the earlier Korean government. In 1913, Chosen General Government increased enormously the varieties and volumes of the archives that they intended to collect. They started with collecting archives limited to those literatures that had existed in the civil sector before 1894. It can be noticed that just in 1913 Chosen General Government revealed their intention to collect and classify both royal archives and civil archives. With the work of collecting, classification and annotating archives, Chosen General Government commenced the compilation of Chosensa (Korean History). These efforts aimed at cultural assimilation and educating of Korean people, and in this process, the importance of Chosen Dynasty's archives was reconfirmed. One of the representative cases was a change of terminology. With the compilation efforts into full swing since 1915, Chosen General Government repeatedly started to use the term 'Saryo' (historical records) in connection with Chosen's literatures and archives. The term 'Saryo' previously had been used in Japanese literatures, and it is deemed that it was used as a term generally referring to archives of Chosen Dynasty from that time. This signifies that Chosen General Government began to involve their historical point of view in approaching to the archives of Chosen. As they broadened their understanding on Korea through the annotation of old literatures and compilation of Chosen History, they seriously set on the work of assimilating Korean people culturally aiming at gripping its reign on Korea. Archives of Chosen likewise were very crucial basic data for understanding Korea and its people, and Chosen General Government is deemed to have utilized the archives as a means to reign and assimilate Korean people.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.188-195
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• 2006

The development of a general hospital has a close connection with the trend of the society in general and it flows to the ways that satisfies the demanded value of the time. Therefore, various internal changes have occurred since a hospital has built. The changes is appearing through the time not only in the quantitative changes, but also in functional changes and correlations between each department. This study focused on these changes, and observed the St. Mary's Hospital - one of the major hospitals - which is constructed in 1980's. And then, it was divided into the D/T, O.P.D and ward as function that focused on the time of hospital's establishment (1980), the present (2006), and new hospital (2009) to observe the changing aspect of the function and department. As a result, according as age passes, this study shows function of each department is mixed. Among the D/T, O.P.D and ward, mixing functions of O.P.D is most notable. The mixing function brings changes in hospital's arrangement type. In the past, verticality style hospital was evaded, but recently verticality style hospital is appearing. Through this study, it is expected to forecast the new aspects of hospital and apply it to the new project.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.9 no.13
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• pp.33-38
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• 1986

Arguments in favor of cyclic servicing, as opposed to random servicing, in connection with machines which stop in a random manner, are not conclusive because hitherto no general formular has been available for calculating the results which may be expected from cyclic servicing. The aim of the following paper is to help in evaluating the cyclic procedure by presenting a formular for calculating the standard efficiency of a group of semi-automatic machines assigned to one operator who will service them on a cyclic pattern.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1978

This 18 year old girl with total anomalous venous connection, which was corrected surgically for the first time in Korea, is presented here. This patient has mild cyanosis, ejection systolic murmur with splitting of $S_2$ ,identical $O_2$ saturation of bleed samples from right and left chambers of the heart. The type was supracardiac TAPVC. On conventional cardiopulmonary by pass was used, and an right sided approach was employed. Post-op. course was smooth except for transient arrhythmia, low blood pressure and jaundice. She left hospital in a good general conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.12 no.20
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• pp.81-89
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• 1989

This paper attempted to suggest that Korean corporations are to infuse their TQC practice with strategic component. The general concept of TQC was reviewed. Then the nature of TQC systems in the two coon tries. U.S. and Japan. were analyzed. QC circles and the rank and file members of factories are the driving force of Japanese TQC whereas TQC in U. S. tends to be specialist-oriented in practice. Japanese market strategies were also discussed in order to examine the possible connection of Japanese TQC with Japanese corporations' competition strategies.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.291-296
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• 2000

Petrov(1996) examined the connection between general moment conditions and the applicability of the strong law lf large numbers to a sequence of pairwise independnt and identically distributed random variables. In this note wee generalize Theorem 1 of Petrov(1996) and also show that still holds under assumption of pairwise negative quadrant dependence(NQD).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1174-1177
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• 1995

We experienced one case of TAPVC patient who was 39 years old man with mild dyspnea on exertion and easy fatigability. He was the oldest patient among TAPVC which was reported in Korea. Preoperative echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization and angiogram revealed supracardiac type TAPVC drained through left innominate vein. An anastomosis between common pulmonary venous trunk and left atrium, pericardial patch closure of ASD and ligation of left vertical vein were performed with extracorporeal circulation. The postoperative course was uneventful and discharged with excellent general condition and has been well during 8 months follow-up.